p53 Pathway in Renal Cell Carcinoma Is Repressed by a Dominant
... from ribosome gene cluster (21), and six copies of 20-bp p53-binding site from mutations in p53 result in the accumulation of the protein (8 –12). Although p53 remains wild type in the majority of RCCs, this does human p21Waf1/Cip1 gene (22) and the minimal Hsp70 promoter]. pHsp70Luc plasmid contain ...
... from ribosome gene cluster (21), and six copies of 20-bp p53-binding site from mutations in p53 result in the accumulation of the protein (8 –12). Although p53 remains wild type in the majority of RCCs, this does human p21Waf1/Cip1 gene (22) and the minimal Hsp70 promoter]. pHsp70Luc plasmid contain ...
Regeneration in Vertebrates
... involves the mechanisms of normal pattern formation as well. Historically, regeneration of amphibian limbs, and also regeneration of appendages or whole body parts in invertebrates, has been termed as epimorphic, while the rest of regeneration has been called tissue regeneration. Such a distinction, ...
... involves the mechanisms of normal pattern formation as well. Historically, regeneration of amphibian limbs, and also regeneration of appendages or whole body parts in invertebrates, has been termed as epimorphic, while the rest of regeneration has been called tissue regeneration. Such a distinction, ...
, Extracellular Matrix-associated Molecules Collaborate with Ciliary
... HE vertebrate central nervous system (eNS)' develops from the neuroepithelial cells that form the neural tube. These cells give rise to a spectacular diversity of nerve cells, as well as to various kinds of supporting (glial) cells. The generation of diverse cell types. at specific times and locatio ...
... HE vertebrate central nervous system (eNS)' develops from the neuroepithelial cells that form the neural tube. These cells give rise to a spectacular diversity of nerve cells, as well as to various kinds of supporting (glial) cells. The generation of diverse cell types. at specific times and locatio ...
Cardiac Stem Cells and Mechanisms of Myocardial Regeneration
... cavitation that results in the formation of cystic EBs. During their formation, markers of the mesoderm (globin), ectoderm (neurofilament 68), and endoderm (␣fetoprotein) are expressed (187, 216). Synchronously pulsing EBs contain myogenic cells positive for ␣-cardiac actin, desmin, myogenin, and s ...
... cavitation that results in the formation of cystic EBs. During their formation, markers of the mesoderm (globin), ectoderm (neurofilament 68), and endoderm (␣fetoprotein) are expressed (187, 216). Synchronously pulsing EBs contain myogenic cells positive for ␣-cardiac actin, desmin, myogenin, and s ...
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... of the function of CDM family members closely related to Mbc. Because CDM proteins form part of multiple signalling pathways, the best-characterised being the Crk-CDM-Rac pathway, we have also used our assay to investigate a postulated role for the adaptor proteins Crk and Crk-like (Crkl) in myoblas ...
... of the function of CDM family members closely related to Mbc. Because CDM proteins form part of multiple signalling pathways, the best-characterised being the Crk-CDM-Rac pathway, we have also used our assay to investigate a postulated role for the adaptor proteins Crk and Crk-like (Crkl) in myoblas ...
Fluorescent properties of c-type cytochromes
... most intense signal was at an excitation wavelength of 350 nm that yielded fluorescence maxima at 402 and 437 nm (Fig. 1c). This fluorescence was lost when the cytochrome was oxidized (Fig. 1c). Exciting whole cells of G. sulfurreducens at 350 nm produced a fluorescence spectrum with the same maxima ...
... most intense signal was at an excitation wavelength of 350 nm that yielded fluorescence maxima at 402 and 437 nm (Fig. 1c). This fluorescence was lost when the cytochrome was oxidized (Fig. 1c). Exciting whole cells of G. sulfurreducens at 350 nm produced a fluorescence spectrum with the same maxima ...
Molecular - College of Biological Sciences
... Although the reason for this difference between mouse and human cells is unclear, it perhaps reflects differences in the regulation of cyclins A and E. Cyclin E is more critical for centrosome reduplication in mouse cells (Saavedra et al., 2003), whereas cyclin A is more critical for centrosome redu ...
... Although the reason for this difference between mouse and human cells is unclear, it perhaps reflects differences in the regulation of cyclins A and E. Cyclin E is more critical for centrosome reduplication in mouse cells (Saavedra et al., 2003), whereas cyclin A is more critical for centrosome redu ...
Conditional lethality of a yeast strain expressing human RHOA in place of RHO1 .
... in which the fusion point was located between the DTAGQ and NKXDL motifs. This region contains the 27 residues of the a3-helix and loop 7 region previously proposed to be a "specificity domain" of the small RAS-related GTPases. It should be noted that in the 27-residue region substituted, there are ...
... in which the fusion point was located between the DTAGQ and NKXDL motifs. This region contains the 27 residues of the a3-helix and loop 7 region previously proposed to be a "specificity domain" of the small RAS-related GTPases. It should be noted that in the 27-residue region substituted, there are ...
Subset-Specific Reductions in Lung Lymphocyte
... adhesion receptors to recruitment under high shear flow conditions and identified the physiologically relevant adhesion receptors expressed during inflammatory responses in selected sites. However, many microvascular beds and disease processes are not amenable to in vitro modeling or intravital stud ...
... adhesion receptors to recruitment under high shear flow conditions and identified the physiologically relevant adhesion receptors expressed during inflammatory responses in selected sites. However, many microvascular beds and disease processes are not amenable to in vitro modeling or intravital stud ...
The variability of autophagy and cell death susceptibility
... randomly during nonselective (bulk cytoplasm) autophagy; however, specific organelles can be surrounded with the help of recognition proteins such as SQSTM1/p62 during selective autophagy.4 Subsequent docking and fusion with lysosomes occurs with the formation of an autolysosome, a process first pro ...
... randomly during nonselective (bulk cytoplasm) autophagy; however, specific organelles can be surrounded with the help of recognition proteins such as SQSTM1/p62 during selective autophagy.4 Subsequent docking and fusion with lysosomes occurs with the formation of an autolysosome, a process first pro ...
Mechanism of Phage-induced Lysis in Pneumococci
... exposure to the low m.0.i. of Dp-1, underwent normal lysis (Fig. 1, curve C). The second surprising feature of these experiments was the apparently normal lysis (and release of progeny phage) in the cwl culture infected with a high m.0.i. of Dp-1 (Fig. 1, curve D). This latter finding contrasted sha ...
... exposure to the low m.0.i. of Dp-1, underwent normal lysis (Fig. 1, curve C). The second surprising feature of these experiments was the apparently normal lysis (and release of progeny phage) in the cwl culture infected with a high m.0.i. of Dp-1 (Fig. 1, curve D). This latter finding contrasted sha ...
HL-1 Myocytes Exhibit PKC and K Channel-Dependent Delta Opioid Preconditioning
... period(s) of cell stress, such as brief cycles of ischemia or heat stress. Pharmacologic preconditioning with opioids has been shown to reduce ischemia/reperfusion damage by limiting infarct size and enhancing functional recovery in whole-heart models [8, 9]. In addition, isolated myocyte models ind ...
... period(s) of cell stress, such as brief cycles of ischemia or heat stress. Pharmacologic preconditioning with opioids has been shown to reduce ischemia/reperfusion damage by limiting infarct size and enhancing functional recovery in whole-heart models [8, 9]. In addition, isolated myocyte models ind ...
Extracellular O2 Probe
... concentrations 24 h post-treatment. For Extracellular O2 Probe measurements, cells were plated at 80,000 cells/well, allowed to adhere overnight and then assayed. Extracellular O2 data presented in Fig. 2A illustrates that drug induced mitochondrial dysfunction is evident immediately post treatment ...
... concentrations 24 h post-treatment. For Extracellular O2 Probe measurements, cells were plated at 80,000 cells/well, allowed to adhere overnight and then assayed. Extracellular O2 data presented in Fig. 2A illustrates that drug induced mitochondrial dysfunction is evident immediately post treatment ...
Interaction of Antiparallel Microtubules in the
... vesicles began to accumulate at the division site, long MTs were frequently detected in the phragmoplast formed between two reforming daughter nuclei (Figure 1A). Although many MTs were terminated in regions where vesicles accumulated, others crossed the midline and overlapped (Figures 1A and 1B). S ...
... vesicles began to accumulate at the division site, long MTs were frequently detected in the phragmoplast formed between two reforming daughter nuclei (Figure 1A). Although many MTs were terminated in regions where vesicles accumulated, others crossed the midline and overlapped (Figures 1A and 1B). S ...
Archaea - cloudfront.net
... in whole or in sections must include the referral attribution link http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (placed in a visible location) in addition to the following terms. Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12 Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordance with the Cre ...
... in whole or in sections must include the referral attribution link http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (placed in a visible location) in addition to the following terms. Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12 Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordance with the Cre ...
Developmental Control of Telomere Lengths and Telomerase
... cells. For detection of telomerase, we used a modified PCRbased TRAP assay according to Fitzgerald et al. (1996). Protein precipitation with polyethylene glycol was included during extraction to reduce the amount of telomerase inhibitors. Use of the 23-mer oligonucleotide 47F as a forward primer (se ...
... cells. For detection of telomerase, we used a modified PCRbased TRAP assay according to Fitzgerald et al. (1996). Protein precipitation with polyethylene glycol was included during extraction to reduce the amount of telomerase inhibitors. Use of the 23-mer oligonucleotide 47F as a forward primer (se ...
Involvement of Calcium Ion in the Stimulated Shoot Elongation of
... aquatic plants. Kennedy et al. (1992) reported the possible involvement of active fatty acid biosynthesis and energy metabolism in mitochondria during anoxia in barnyard grass and rice. Kemp and Small (1993) suggested that nitrate acts as an alternative acceptor of respiratory electrons. In pondweed ...
... aquatic plants. Kennedy et al. (1992) reported the possible involvement of active fatty acid biosynthesis and energy metabolism in mitochondria during anoxia in barnyard grass and rice. Kemp and Small (1993) suggested that nitrate acts as an alternative acceptor of respiratory electrons. In pondweed ...
Vesicle turnover in developing neurons: how to build a - LIRA-Lab
... primary culture, which develop in vitro through a stereotyped sequence of events [2]. Shortly after they have attached to the substrate, neurons form highly motile lamellipodia (stage 1), which then condense to form minor processes with similar lengths (stage 2). Polarity becomes evident when one of ...
... primary culture, which develop in vitro through a stereotyped sequence of events [2]. Shortly after they have attached to the substrate, neurons form highly motile lamellipodia (stage 1), which then condense to form minor processes with similar lengths (stage 2). Polarity becomes evident when one of ...
The viability assessment of Microcystis aeruginosa cells after co-culturing
... The Beckman Coulter Epics ALTRA flow cytometer was calibrated with flow check and UV beads to determine the range of particle sizes. The fluorescence intensity of UV beads and flow check beads formed the basis on which particles (>1 lm) were excluded and inclusion of particles (<10 lm) in subsequent flow ...
... The Beckman Coulter Epics ALTRA flow cytometer was calibrated with flow check and UV beads to determine the range of particle sizes. The fluorescence intensity of UV beads and flow check beads formed the basis on which particles (>1 lm) were excluded and inclusion of particles (<10 lm) in subsequent flow ...
Genetic Analysis of Female Gametophyte Development and Function
... The plant life cycle alternates between a multicellular haploid generation, called the gametophyte, and a multicellular diploid generation, called the sporophyte. In plants, meiosis gives rise to haploid spores, which undergo cell proliferation and differentiation to develop into gametophytes. A maj ...
... The plant life cycle alternates between a multicellular haploid generation, called the gametophyte, and a multicellular diploid generation, called the sporophyte. In plants, meiosis gives rise to haploid spores, which undergo cell proliferation and differentiation to develop into gametophytes. A maj ...
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... for 30 days. Thereafter, leaves were ground into powder. Fifty grams of the obtained powder were mixed with 100 ml of warm distilled water and heated immediately up to boiling point; thirty minutes later, the mixture was left to settle, the supernatant was removed by filtration. The filtrate obtaine ...
... for 30 days. Thereafter, leaves were ground into powder. Fifty grams of the obtained powder were mixed with 100 ml of warm distilled water and heated immediately up to boiling point; thirty minutes later, the mixture was left to settle, the supernatant was removed by filtration. The filtrate obtaine ...
Classifying Monerans and Protists
... 31. That is right, this bacteria has a round shape. 32. Whereas, this bacteria has a spiral shape. 33. Scientists often classify bacteria based on their shape. 34. The three main shapes of monerans include cocci which have a spherical shape, bacilli which are rod-shaped, and spirilla which are spira ...
... 31. That is right, this bacteria has a round shape. 32. Whereas, this bacteria has a spiral shape. 33. Scientists often classify bacteria based on their shape. 34. The three main shapes of monerans include cocci which have a spherical shape, bacilli which are rod-shaped, and spirilla which are spira ...
Det här verket är upphovrättskyddat enligt Lagen (1960
... curies, its margins fuse and a double-walled tube, open at the top, is formed. The tube is then closed and the pseudopod is transformed into a cystlike or more irregular structure, en closing one or several portions of colloid. The pseudopod re tracts and the enclosed portions of colloid, envelope ...
... curies, its margins fuse and a double-walled tube, open at the top, is formed. The tube is then closed and the pseudopod is transformed into a cystlike or more irregular structure, en closing one or several portions of colloid. The pseudopod re tracts and the enclosed portions of colloid, envelope ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.