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Learning - Dosen Perbanas
Learning - Dosen Perbanas

... another stimulus that elicits a known response that serves to produce the same response when used alone. ...
Learning theories
Learning theories

... the desired behaviour, such that the desired behaviour is achieved through a process of successive approximations. • Gradient of Reinforcement – immediate consequences of a behaviour exert more control than longer-term consequences. • Discriminative Stimuli – the presence or absence of specific stim ...
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Learning - Bloomfield Central School

... • At this point the neutral stimulus is called the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the ...
Learning - AP Psychology
Learning - AP Psychology

... • At this point the neutral stimulus is called the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the ...
RHCh7 - HomePage Server for UT Psychology
RHCh7 - HomePage Server for UT Psychology

... Acquisition Acquisition is the initial learning stage in classical conditioning in which an association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus takes place. ...
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... • A slender column of cells located beneath the lateral edge of the rostral part of the fourth ventricle, extending into the midbrain • Contains pseudo-unipolar cells (cell bodies of primary sensory neurons and the only such cells in the central nervous system). • The peripheral fibers of the unipol ...
Classical Conditioning Definition A form of associative learning
Classical Conditioning Definition A form of associative learning

... severely distressed and began to cry and move away from the rat. vii. This is a classic example of classical conditioning and shows how a subject can learn to fear a previously neutral stimulus. viii. Unfortunately, Albert's fear of rats generalized to include white rabbits, white puppies, Santa Cla ...
Learning
Learning

... • Law of Effect – a law stating that if a response made in the presence of a particular stimulus is rewarded, the same response is more likely to occur when that stimulus is encountered again. • Operant conditioning – a process in which response are learned on the basis of their rewarding or punishi ...
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Part 1: From Ion Channels to behavior, HT2009 Course

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... of salivation that occurred. He then sounded a turning fork and just a few second later, presented the dog with meat powder. This pairing, carefully planned so that exactly the same amount of time elapsed between the presentation of the sound and the meat occurred repeatedly. At first the dog would ...
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... secondary (conditioned) reinforcers ...
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Learning and Memory

... A few other important things: Unconditioned Response (UCR): An organism’s automatic (or neutral) reaction to a stimulus. (Example = salivation). Under normal conditions, the sound of a tuning fork would not cause salivation. The dog had to be taught, or conditioned to associate this sound with food. ...
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... 29. The more often Jim is scolded following a temper tantrum the more frequently he loses his temper. In this case, the scolding serves as a ______ for Jim’s temper tantrums. A. negative reinforcer B. conditioned stimulus C. positive reinforcer D. punishment ...
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... – Responses are learned rather than innate – Learning is adaptive – Our experiments can uncover the laws of learning • These laws will apply to animals and to humans ...
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning

... Conditioning The process of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral responses. Two basic forms of conditioning are: • Classical conditioning (often involves involuntary responses) • Operant conditioning (often involves voluntary responses) Classical Conditioning A process o ...
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Vestibulospinal Tract - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident

... The vestibulospinal tract arises from the lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters nucleus) and descends ipsilaterally in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord. Vestibulospinal neurons synapse in laminae VII, VIII, and IX of the spinal cord. Several vestibulospinal fibers synapse directly with α and ϒ ...
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A.P. Psychology 6 (B) - Classical Conditioning

... helplessness?” ...
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Unit 6 Study Guide

... 37. If rats are allowed to wander through a complicated maze, they will subsequently run the maze with few errors when a food reward is placed at the end. Their good performance demonstrates A) shaping. B) latent learning. C) delayed reinforcement. D) spontaneous recovery. E) modeling. ...
auditory association cortex
auditory association cortex

... the auditory system. 2. discuss the three primary causes of deafness. 3. explain how cochlear implants restore auditory ability. ...
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October 29
October 29

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Eyeblink conditioning

Eyeblink conditioning (EBC) is a form of classical conditioning that has been used extensively to study neural structures and mechanisms that underlie learning and memory. The procedure is relatively simple and usually consists of pairing an auditory or visual stimulus (the conditioned stimulus (CS)) with an eyeblink-eliciting unconditioned stimulus (US) (e.g. a mild puff of air to the cornea or a mild shock). Naïve organisms initially produce a reflexive, unconditioned response (UR) (e.g. blink or extension of nictitating membrane) that follows US onset. After many CS-US pairings, an association is formed such that a learned blink, or conditioned response (CR), occurs and precedes US onset. The magnitude of learning is generally gauged by the percentage of all paired CS-US trials that result in a CR. Under optimal conditions, well-trained animals produce a high percentage of CRs (> 90%). The conditions necessary for, and the physiological mechanisms that govern, eyeblink CR learning have been studied across many mammalian species, including mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, ferrets, cats, and humans. Historically, rabbits have been the most popular research subjects.
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