![Proopiomelanocortin Neurons in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Are](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000610593_1-9c4121b74abd87bdbe749315a10052cd-300x300.png)
Proopiomelanocortin Neurons in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Are
... Breeding, housing, and genotyping of mice. POMC–EGFP transgenic mice were housed on a 14/10 h light/dark cycle at an ambient temperature in the Department of Comparative Medicine murine-specific pathogenfree facility. Mouse chow (Purina Mills, St. Louis, MO) and water were provided ad libitum. Genot ...
... Breeding, housing, and genotyping of mice. POMC–EGFP transgenic mice were housed on a 14/10 h light/dark cycle at an ambient temperature in the Department of Comparative Medicine murine-specific pathogenfree facility. Mouse chow (Purina Mills, St. Louis, MO) and water were provided ad libitum. Genot ...
Differential Spatial Organization of Otolith Signals in Frog Vestibular
... identified second-order otolith neurons within the vestibular and auditory nuclei. Correlation of these data allows further inferences about the segmental organization of functional pathways and the dendritic geometry of vestibular neuropile zones. Pre- and postsynaptic field potentials evoked from ...
... identified second-order otolith neurons within the vestibular and auditory nuclei. Correlation of these data allows further inferences about the segmental organization of functional pathways and the dendritic geometry of vestibular neuropile zones. Pre- and postsynaptic field potentials evoked from ...
Physiological patterns in the hippocampo
... entorhinal cortex. A similar network of basket/chandelier cells is present in CA1, and these neurons contribute to the generation of theta/gamma and ripple oscillations in area CA1 (Sik et al., 1995; Freund and Buzsáki, 1996; Csicsvari et al., 1999). A technical difficulty in the entorhinal cortex ...
... entorhinal cortex. A similar network of basket/chandelier cells is present in CA1, and these neurons contribute to the generation of theta/gamma and ripple oscillations in area CA1 (Sik et al., 1995; Freund and Buzsáki, 1996; Csicsvari et al., 1999). A technical difficulty in the entorhinal cortex ...
Physiological Patterns in the Hippocampo
... entorhinal cortex. A similar network of basket/chandelier cells is present in CA1, and these neurons contribute to the generation of theta/gamma and ripple oscillations in area CA1 (Sik et al., 1995; Freund and Buzsáki, 1996; Csicsvari et al., 1999). A technical difficulty in the entorhinal cortex ...
... entorhinal cortex. A similar network of basket/chandelier cells is present in CA1, and these neurons contribute to the generation of theta/gamma and ripple oscillations in area CA1 (Sik et al., 1995; Freund and Buzsáki, 1996; Csicsvari et al., 1999). A technical difficulty in the entorhinal cortex ...
Local network regulation of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus
... MCH neurons also receive glutamatergic inputs, some of which may be from orexin neurons. Fast EPSCs are mediated by NMDA and non-NMDA receptors (122), whereas postsynaptic group I mGluRs provide another excitatory pathway to MCH neurons that induces a slow depolarization mediated by Na⫹/Ca2⫹ exchang ...
... MCH neurons also receive glutamatergic inputs, some of which may be from orexin neurons. Fast EPSCs are mediated by NMDA and non-NMDA receptors (122), whereas postsynaptic group I mGluRs provide another excitatory pathway to MCH neurons that induces a slow depolarization mediated by Na⫹/Ca2⫹ exchang ...
Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and
... Food, sex, drugs, winning money, and other rewards or predictive cues all activate these pathways in humans and other animals (11, 14–29). Recent evidence indicates a surprising multiplicity of control systems within the NAc and VP, including multiple parallel and segregated loops that carry point t ...
... Food, sex, drugs, winning money, and other rewards or predictive cues all activate these pathways in humans and other animals (11, 14–29). Recent evidence indicates a surprising multiplicity of control systems within the NAc and VP, including multiple parallel and segregated loops that carry point t ...
Neuropathological Characteristics of Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury
... ChAT-positive motor neurons were counted on both the intact and lesioned side of the C5, C6, and C7 spinal segments. Because ChAT immunoreactivity may be changed as a consequence of injury, serials sections stained with CV were also used to quantify the motor neurons as an independent marker. Only C ...
... ChAT-positive motor neurons were counted on both the intact and lesioned side of the C5, C6, and C7 spinal segments. Because ChAT immunoreactivity may be changed as a consequence of injury, serials sections stained with CV were also used to quantify the motor neurons as an independent marker. Only C ...
High-frequency stimulation in Parkinson`s disease: more
... inhibition (12%) in half of the neurons recorded [26]. Shortcomings of the ‘less’ hypothesis The silencing hypothesis is based on extracellular recordings during very short periods of HFS (Table 2). One potential problem with studies relying on extracellular recordings is that large stimulus artifac ...
... inhibition (12%) in half of the neurons recorded [26]. Shortcomings of the ‘less’ hypothesis The silencing hypothesis is based on extracellular recordings during very short periods of HFS (Table 2). One potential problem with studies relying on extracellular recordings is that large stimulus artifac ...
Multiple hypothalamic circuits sense and regulate glucose levels
... appear to be the opposite of those of orexin/hypocretin cells. In mice, knockout of MCH increases energy expenditure and reduces body weight (88), and these characteristics are also seen in animals lacking the MCH receptor -1 (MCH1R) (57). Central injection of MCH in rats increases the quantities of ...
... appear to be the opposite of those of orexin/hypocretin cells. In mice, knockout of MCH increases energy expenditure and reduces body weight (88), and these characteristics are also seen in animals lacking the MCH receptor -1 (MCH1R) (57). Central injection of MCH in rats increases the quantities of ...
Formation of a full complement of cranial proprioceptors requires
... Neurotrophins are a family of trophic factors essential for the survival and differentiation of neurons. This family includes nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT4). NT3 is essential for the development of proprioception in ...
... Neurotrophins are a family of trophic factors essential for the survival and differentiation of neurons. This family includes nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT4). NT3 is essential for the development of proprioception in ...
NIH Public Access
... Delay-tuned neurons occur in auditory systems of many bat species (Pteronotus parnellii, O'Neill and Suga 1979, Suga et al., 1979; Myotis lucifugus, Sullivan 1982a,b; Eptesicus fuscus, Dear et al., 1993; Feng et al., 1978), Rhinolophus rouxi, Schuller et al., 1988, 1991; Carollia perspicillata, Hage ...
... Delay-tuned neurons occur in auditory systems of many bat species (Pteronotus parnellii, O'Neill and Suga 1979, Suga et al., 1979; Myotis lucifugus, Sullivan 1982a,b; Eptesicus fuscus, Dear et al., 1993; Feng et al., 1978), Rhinolophus rouxi, Schuller et al., 1988, 1991; Carollia perspicillata, Hage ...
The Angelman syndrome ubiquitin ligase localizes to the synapse
... obtain offspring that inherited the Ube3a YFP allele either through the maternal or paternal germline. On the basis of the increased molecular weight of E6-AP:YFP (E6-AP, 100 kDa; E6-AP:YFP, 130 kDa), we used western blotting to distinguish the expression of the Ube3a YFP allele according to parent ...
... obtain offspring that inherited the Ube3a YFP allele either through the maternal or paternal germline. On the basis of the increased molecular weight of E6-AP:YFP (E6-AP, 100 kDa; E6-AP:YFP, 130 kDa), we used western blotting to distinguish the expression of the Ube3a YFP allele according to parent ...
Smelling on the fly: sensory cues and strategies for olfactory
... an obvious example, visual cues may be useful in the daytime but less useful at night. This makes chemotaxis an interesting behavior from the perspective of understanding how the nervous system selects a particular program of action among different alternatives. In this review, we will focus on chem ...
... an obvious example, visual cues may be useful in the daytime but less useful at night. This makes chemotaxis an interesting behavior from the perspective of understanding how the nervous system selects a particular program of action among different alternatives. In this review, we will focus on chem ...
New Roles for the External Globus Pallidus in Basal Ganglia Circuits
... Studies in rodents are also providing insights into the organization of GPe circuits at the neuronal level. Developmental studies have established that most GPe neurons (⬎70%) are derived from the Nkx2-1 lineage of the medial ganglionic eminence, whereas almost all of the remainder (⬃25%) originate ...
... Studies in rodents are also providing insights into the organization of GPe circuits at the neuronal level. Developmental studies have established that most GPe neurons (⬎70%) are derived from the Nkx2-1 lineage of the medial ganglionic eminence, whereas almost all of the remainder (⬃25%) originate ...
Spatiotemporal Properties of Eye Position Signals
... showed persistent activity that was modulated as a function of eye position (Schlag-Rey and Schlag 1984; Wyder and others 2003). For oculomotor control, it is widely accepted that command of eye position is computed by the brainstem circuitry called ‘‘velocity-to-position integrator’’ that calculate ...
... showed persistent activity that was modulated as a function of eye position (Schlag-Rey and Schlag 1984; Wyder and others 2003). For oculomotor control, it is widely accepted that command of eye position is computed by the brainstem circuitry called ‘‘velocity-to-position integrator’’ that calculate ...
Article
... networks known as central pattern generators (CPGs). CPGs produce rhythmic motor patterns in the absence of sensory feedback [1–3], and are found in many species including insects and mammals, sharing many similarities [4, 5]. CPG networks underlying locomotion exhibit features common to many neural ...
... networks known as central pattern generators (CPGs). CPGs produce rhythmic motor patterns in the absence of sensory feedback [1–3], and are found in many species including insects and mammals, sharing many similarities [4, 5]. CPG networks underlying locomotion exhibit features common to many neural ...
The Diversity of Cortical Interneurons
... organized. To understand the diversity of neurons, the term, "Cell Type", has been used to classify neurons based on their morphologies, firing patterns, connections and cytochemical markers. A cell type is the elementary computational element in the brain machine and identification of the functiona ...
... organized. To understand the diversity of neurons, the term, "Cell Type", has been used to classify neurons based on their morphologies, firing patterns, connections and cytochemical markers. A cell type is the elementary computational element in the brain machine and identification of the functiona ...
PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX NEURONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO
... directions. The width of the bar was determined by the neuron’s preferred spatial frequency, and the length of the bar was varied from two to eight times CRF diameter. The start and finish positions of the drifting bar were also adjusted according to the global direction to ensure that the center of ...
... directions. The width of the bar was determined by the neuron’s preferred spatial frequency, and the length of the bar was varied from two to eight times CRF diameter. The start and finish positions of the drifting bar were also adjusted according to the global direction to ensure that the center of ...
Neuronal Activation in the Medulla Oblongata During Selective
... between breathing and swallowing with changes in SLN stimulation intensity and rate and proposed that some part of the same neural pathways may be involved in each. Our interest is in which part of these pathways are involved when only the LAR is elicited. Because the LAR can be elicited using a sin ...
... between breathing and swallowing with changes in SLN stimulation intensity and rate and proposed that some part of the same neural pathways may be involved in each. Our interest is in which part of these pathways are involved when only the LAR is elicited. Because the LAR can be elicited using a sin ...
PATHWAYS FOR EMOTION : INTERACTIONS OF PREFRONTAL AND THE RHESUS MONKEY
... Olmos, 1990). Disruption of these pathways seriously a¡ects emotional expression, as exempli¢ed by the inability of patients with orbitofrontal lesions to respond autonomically in emotional situations (Damasio et al., 1990; for review see Kling and Steklis, 1976). Even though such patients have inta ...
... Olmos, 1990). Disruption of these pathways seriously a¡ects emotional expression, as exempli¢ed by the inability of patients with orbitofrontal lesions to respond autonomically in emotional situations (Damasio et al., 1990; for review see Kling and Steklis, 1976). Even though such patients have inta ...
For Peer Review - diss.fu
... MnR: 7.8 mm posterior to bregma, 0.8 from the midline, and 7.8 mm ventral to the dura (-6°). Hemisphere for injections into VTA was randomized prior to each experiment. The retrograde tracer Fluorogold (FG; 2-hydroxy-4,4-diamino-stilbene, 1% in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4; Fluorochrome, Denver, ...
... MnR: 7.8 mm posterior to bregma, 0.8 from the midline, and 7.8 mm ventral to the dura (-6°). Hemisphere for injections into VTA was randomized prior to each experiment. The retrograde tracer Fluorogold (FG; 2-hydroxy-4,4-diamino-stilbene, 1% in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4; Fluorochrome, Denver, ...
Kv2 Channels Form Delayed-Rectifier Potassium Channels In Situ
... respectively ( p ⬍ 0.05), indicating that overexpression of the mutant subunit produced a 40% reduction in Gmax. In mature ⫹Mutant and Control neurons, Gmax values were 13.7 ⫾ 1.0 and 21.5 ⫾ 1.5 pS/m 2 ( p ⬍ 0.0002), indicating that overexpression of the mutant subunit reduced Gmax to the same exte ...
... respectively ( p ⬍ 0.05), indicating that overexpression of the mutant subunit produced a 40% reduction in Gmax. In mature ⫹Mutant and Control neurons, Gmax values were 13.7 ⫾ 1.0 and 21.5 ⫾ 1.5 pS/m 2 ( p ⬍ 0.0002), indicating that overexpression of the mutant subunit reduced Gmax to the same exte ...
Lesion of the perforant path triggers a biphasic neurogenic response
... has the experim ental advantages of a highly lam inated structure and allow s analysis of not only the axonal response to injury, but also changes in d end rite m orphology and synaptic reorganization. This classic lesion provided som e of the first evidence for structural plasticity follow ing inju ...
... has the experim ental advantages of a highly lam inated structure and allow s analysis of not only the axonal response to injury, but also changes in d end rite m orphology and synaptic reorganization. This classic lesion provided som e of the first evidence for structural plasticity follow ing inju ...
Delayed Puberty but Normal Fertility in Mice With Selective Deletion
... Xiaoliang Qiu, Abigail R. Dowling, Joseph S. Marino, Latrice D. Faulkner, Benjamin Bryant, Jens C. Brüning, Carol F. Elias, and Jennifer W. Hill Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (X.Q., A.R.D., J.S.M., L.D.F., J.W.H.), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and Department of Obstetrics- ...
... Xiaoliang Qiu, Abigail R. Dowling, Joseph S. Marino, Latrice D. Faulkner, Benjamin Bryant, Jens C. Brüning, Carol F. Elias, and Jennifer W. Hill Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research (X.Q., A.R.D., J.S.M., L.D.F., J.W.H.), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and Department of Obstetrics- ...
Immunohistochemical description of the endogenous cannabinoid
... We report a detailed analysis of the distribution of relevant proteins of the endogenous cannabinoid system in the rat cerebellum (cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei) and the two functionally related nuclei, the vestibular nuclei and the inferior olive. These proteins include the two main ...
... We report a detailed analysis of the distribution of relevant proteins of the endogenous cannabinoid system in the rat cerebellum (cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei) and the two functionally related nuclei, the vestibular nuclei and the inferior olive. These proteins include the two main ...