OCULOPLASTICS AND NEURO
... “Optic atrophy is not a disease. It is a morphologic sequela of disease - any disease - that causes damage to ganglion cells and axons of the optic nerve.” Walsh & Hoyt’s Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 5th Edition ...
... “Optic atrophy is not a disease. It is a morphologic sequela of disease - any disease - that causes damage to ganglion cells and axons of the optic nerve.” Walsh & Hoyt’s Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 5th Edition ...
mechanisms and biological role of thalamocortical oscillations
... McCormick et al. 1985; Steriade et al. 1998a). Neurons belonging to different neuronal classes do not have preferential anatomical distribution and can be found in different layers of neocortex (Timofeev et al. 2000b). The RS neurons, when depolarized with intracellularly applied steady current puls ...
... McCormick et al. 1985; Steriade et al. 1998a). Neurons belonging to different neuronal classes do not have preferential anatomical distribution and can be found in different layers of neocortex (Timofeev et al. 2000b). The RS neurons, when depolarized with intracellularly applied steady current puls ...
Multimodal Integration in Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Provides an
... level of thoracic vertebra 7 (T7). Level T7 was chosen because it is well below the lowest level of neck muscle insertion (T3) and thus recordings would not be confounded by neck movements (McCluskey and Cullen, 2007). The location of T7 was verified by x ray and/or spinal palpation. During experime ...
... level of thoracic vertebra 7 (T7). Level T7 was chosen because it is well below the lowest level of neck muscle insertion (T3) and thus recordings would not be confounded by neck movements (McCluskey and Cullen, 2007). The location of T7 was verified by x ray and/or spinal palpation. During experime ...
The Morphology of Physiologically Identified GABAergic Neurons in
... dorsal thalamus in all mammals (see Jones, 1985). The reticular nucleus was demonstrated to undergo cellular degeneration following destruction of the telencephalon in one of the earliest studies of the thalamus (Nissl, 1913). Later it was shown that destruction of the cerebral cortex alone was suff ...
... dorsal thalamus in all mammals (see Jones, 1985). The reticular nucleus was demonstrated to undergo cellular degeneration following destruction of the telencephalon in one of the earliest studies of the thalamus (Nissl, 1913). Later it was shown that destruction of the cerebral cortex alone was suff ...
Glycemic State Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
... the brain involved in motivation and feeding reveal its potential to contribute to energy balance. 1.3 Neurotrophic Factors 1.3.1 Family of Neurotrophins Neurotrophins are a related family of growth factors that are crucial for the growth and survival of developing neurons in both the central and pe ...
... the brain involved in motivation and feeding reveal its potential to contribute to energy balance. 1.3 Neurotrophic Factors 1.3.1 Family of Neurotrophins Neurotrophins are a related family of growth factors that are crucial for the growth and survival of developing neurons in both the central and pe ...
The multifunctional lateral geniculate nucleus
... 1A shows a trace record from an LGN neuron and its retinal excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in an awake cat, operating at 50% efficacy (i.e. the LGN ignored the retina half of the time). The bottom part of the figure aligns all EPSPs, indicating that all spikes emerged from that retinal EPSP ...
... 1A shows a trace record from an LGN neuron and its retinal excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in an awake cat, operating at 50% efficacy (i.e. the LGN ignored the retina half of the time). The bottom part of the figure aligns all EPSPs, indicating that all spikes emerged from that retinal EPSP ...
I dc
... Mechanism for the Transition to Strange Nonchaotic Bursting Rational Approximation (RA) Investigation of the Transition to Strange Nonchaotic Bursting in a Sequence of Periodically Forced Systems with Rational Approximants k to the Inverse Golden Mean ( f 2 / f 1 ) ( 5 1) /2 ...
... Mechanism for the Transition to Strange Nonchaotic Bursting Rational Approximation (RA) Investigation of the Transition to Strange Nonchaotic Bursting in a Sequence of Periodically Forced Systems with Rational Approximants k to the Inverse Golden Mean ( f 2 / f 1 ) ( 5 1) /2 ...
Lester-Lect to CaltechAssociates-Nov
... Cholinergic, Dopaminergic, and GABAergic neurons in Hindbrain & Midbrain Upregulated a4* nAChRs ...
... Cholinergic, Dopaminergic, and GABAergic neurons in Hindbrain & Midbrain Upregulated a4* nAChRs ...
Dopamine Receptor–Mediated Mechanisms Involved in the
... pallidus in the process of learning sequential finger movements. Matsumoto et al. (1994) showed that there is a selective impairment of learning arm movement sequences after destruction of the nigrostriatal DA system by local infusion of dopaminergic neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrop ...
... pallidus in the process of learning sequential finger movements. Matsumoto et al. (1994) showed that there is a selective impairment of learning arm movement sequences after destruction of the nigrostriatal DA system by local infusion of dopaminergic neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrop ...
Axonal degeneration as a therapeutic target in the CNS | SpringerLink
... whereas the degeneration of this anatomical projection most prominently reflects the negative motor symptoms in the disease, it is indeed not the only fiber tract affected by degenerative pathology; as could be demonstrated by the studies of Braak and colleagues (2003), degenerative changes appear f ...
... whereas the degeneration of this anatomical projection most prominently reflects the negative motor symptoms in the disease, it is indeed not the only fiber tract affected by degenerative pathology; as could be demonstrated by the studies of Braak and colleagues (2003), degenerative changes appear f ...
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE CHAINS
... of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the direction of ax ...
... of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the direction of ax ...
Copyright 1984 by Desav, Paul Henri All Rights Reserved
... Fibers from the thalamus could be traced to the striatum and DVR but only a few were seen entering dorsal cortex: in fact, these fibers do continue into dorsal cortex but presumably are not stained because they immediately form fine preterminal branches). There have been only a few studies of the re ...
... Fibers from the thalamus could be traced to the striatum and DVR but only a few were seen entering dorsal cortex: in fact, these fibers do continue into dorsal cortex but presumably are not stained because they immediately form fine preterminal branches). There have been only a few studies of the re ...
Spike-Wave Complexes and Fast Components of Cortically
... IV. Paroxysmal fast runs in cortical and thalamic neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1495–1513, 1998. In the preceding papers of this series, we have analyzed the cellular patterns and synchronization of neocortical seizures occurring spontaneously or induced by electrical stimulation or cortical infusio ...
... IV. Paroxysmal fast runs in cortical and thalamic neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1495–1513, 1998. In the preceding papers of this series, we have analyzed the cellular patterns and synchronization of neocortical seizures occurring spontaneously or induced by electrical stimulation or cortical infusio ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... neurons for the two objects. Based on these distances, MDS was performed to construct a map of the location of the objects relative to each other. In the map, objects that evoked similar responses were placed close together. ...
... neurons for the two objects. Based on these distances, MDS was performed to construct a map of the location of the objects relative to each other. In the map, objects that evoked similar responses were placed close together. ...
Dual inhibition of the dactyl opener muscle in lobster
... recruited a combination of IJPs and EJPs (data not shown), consistent with the possibility that the axon of CI travels with the axon of OE to reach both the stretcher and the opener before branching to reach the closer (path illustrated by broken line in Fig.·1). Finally, to obtain histological conf ...
... recruited a combination of IJPs and EJPs (data not shown), consistent with the possibility that the axon of CI travels with the axon of OE to reach both the stretcher and the opener before branching to reach the closer (path illustrated by broken line in Fig.·1). Finally, to obtain histological conf ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... On the other hand, several clinical studies have suggested that the discrimination of shape, orientation, and size are also important for hand manipulation (Jeannerod 1994; Perenin and Vigheto 1988). Goodale and Milner (1992) emphasized that the dorsal visual pathways projecting to the parietal cort ...
... On the other hand, several clinical studies have suggested that the discrimination of shape, orientation, and size are also important for hand manipulation (Jeannerod 1994; Perenin and Vigheto 1988). Goodale and Milner (1992) emphasized that the dorsal visual pathways projecting to the parietal cort ...
Control of Appetite and Food Preference by NMDA Receptor and Its
... post-synaptic glutamate receptor and is important for excitatory neurotransmission. It is expressed throughout the nervous system, and is important for long-term potentiation. It requires both ligand (glutamate) and co-agonist (D-serine or glycine) for efficient opening of the channel to allow calci ...
... post-synaptic glutamate receptor and is important for excitatory neurotransmission. It is expressed throughout the nervous system, and is important for long-term potentiation. It requires both ligand (glutamate) and co-agonist (D-serine or glycine) for efficient opening of the channel to allow calci ...
Glial cells modulate the synaptic transmission of NTS neurons
... Gliomodulation of Chemoreflex Transmission at NTS ...
... Gliomodulation of Chemoreflex Transmission at NTS ...
Carlsson J Neurosci 2007 (pdf 2,2 MB)
... monitored in rotometer bowls, and the animals’ right and left 90° body turns were recorded using a computerized hardware and a specialized software (AccuScan Instrument, Columbus, OH). In all cases, the testing sessions were performed over 90 min, and the data are expressed as total net full-body tu ...
... monitored in rotometer bowls, and the animals’ right and left 90° body turns were recorded using a computerized hardware and a specialized software (AccuScan Instrument, Columbus, OH). In all cases, the testing sessions were performed over 90 min, and the data are expressed as total net full-body tu ...
Different Subthreshold Mechanisms Underlie Song Selectivity in
... this idea, in vivo intracellular recordings from X-projecting neurons reveal that they have song-selective auditory responses (Lewicki, 1996). Furthermore, certain X-projecting neurons display BOSevoked hyperpolarizations (Lewicki, 1996), perhaps driven by HVc interneurons, that might refine these r ...
... this idea, in vivo intracellular recordings from X-projecting neurons reveal that they have song-selective auditory responses (Lewicki, 1996). Furthermore, certain X-projecting neurons display BOSevoked hyperpolarizations (Lewicki, 1996), perhaps driven by HVc interneurons, that might refine these r ...
Afferent Input to Nucleus Submedius in Rats
... an unnamed area in the ventromedial thalamus (ventral to nucleus reuniens, and dorsal to the third ventricle) or the mammillothalamic tract (Paxinos and Watson, 1986). These injections surroundedSm anteriorly, posteriorly, dorsally, ventrally, medially, and laterally. The results of these injections ...
... an unnamed area in the ventromedial thalamus (ventral to nucleus reuniens, and dorsal to the third ventricle) or the mammillothalamic tract (Paxinos and Watson, 1986). These injections surroundedSm anteriorly, posteriorly, dorsally, ventrally, medially, and laterally. The results of these injections ...
Reverse pharmacology of orexin
... therapy using orexin receptor agonists may provide treatment of narcolepsy. Our recent study showed that chronic over-production of both orexin-A and orexin-B peptides from an ectopically expressed transgene prevented the development of narcolepsy syndrome in orexin neuronablated (orexin/ataxin-3) m ...
... therapy using orexin receptor agonists may provide treatment of narcolepsy. Our recent study showed that chronic over-production of both orexin-A and orexin-B peptides from an ectopically expressed transgene prevented the development of narcolepsy syndrome in orexin neuronablated (orexin/ataxin-3) m ...
Neurokinin B Signaling in the Female Rat: a Novel
... functional unit of which is considered to be the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin A neurons. Agonists of the neurokinin B (NKB) receptor (NK3R) have been shown to suppress the GnRH pulse generator, in a dynorphin A (Dyn)-dependent fashion, under hypoestrogenic condition ...
... functional unit of which is considered to be the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin A neurons. Agonists of the neurokinin B (NKB) receptor (NK3R) have been shown to suppress the GnRH pulse generator, in a dynorphin A (Dyn)-dependent fashion, under hypoestrogenic condition ...
Reaching beyond the classical receptive field of V1 neurons
... of signaling relative contrast rather than local luminance. Center–surround interactions are also observed in the responses of cortical cells, for which it is possible to define a discharge center or receptive field, and a surround that is usually silent, 3 but can suppress or facilitate the center re ...
... of signaling relative contrast rather than local luminance. Center–surround interactions are also observed in the responses of cortical cells, for which it is possible to define a discharge center or receptive field, and a surround that is usually silent, 3 but can suppress or facilitate the center re ...
projecting to oculomotor regions of the pons Activity of monkey
... 1985; Stanton et al. 1988b). All of these targets are important for the generation of eye movements. Omnipause neurons play a crucial role in the initiation of saccades. The cessation of their high tonic firing lo- 15 ms, before the start of a saccade, enables the saccade generating mechanism to pro ...
... 1985; Stanton et al. 1988b). All of these targets are important for the generation of eye movements. Omnipause neurons play a crucial role in the initiation of saccades. The cessation of their high tonic firing lo- 15 ms, before the start of a saccade, enables the saccade generating mechanism to pro ...