the functional properties of the light
... many parts of the neuraxis might equaIly well qualify for an “associative” function. It remains to be shown on quantitative grounds in what way the activities of these cells, evoked by a variety of stimuli, might provide some higher order or abstracted replicate of a complex sensory event, e.g., a p ...
... many parts of the neuraxis might equaIly well qualify for an “associative” function. It remains to be shown on quantitative grounds in what way the activities of these cells, evoked by a variety of stimuli, might provide some higher order or abstracted replicate of a complex sensory event, e.g., a p ...
RESULTATS Capítol 1 __________________________________________________________________________ 71
... A large number of extracellular diffusible and membrane-bound molecules, as well as extracellular matrix proteins, play a central role in the guidance and development of neural connections (Huber et al., 2003; Mueller, 1999). In some cases, such as Netrin-1, the same signal participates in both neur ...
... A large number of extracellular diffusible and membrane-bound molecules, as well as extracellular matrix proteins, play a central role in the guidance and development of neural connections (Huber et al., 2003; Mueller, 1999). In some cases, such as Netrin-1, the same signal participates in both neur ...
connections of the hypothalamus and preoptic area with nuclei of
... of the stria terminalis The HRP labeled cells following injections into the majority of nuclei of the amygdala (Fig. 1, rat R30) were seen primarily in the inferoposterior portion of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. They were visib1,e in frontal seotions through the posterior region of thz p ...
... of the stria terminalis The HRP labeled cells following injections into the majority of nuclei of the amygdala (Fig. 1, rat R30) were seen primarily in the inferoposterior portion of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. They were visib1,e in frontal seotions through the posterior region of thz p ...
Cilia development, morphogenesis, and
... the middle segment of the cilium, while OSM-3 acts alone to build the distal segment. Recent studies using C. elegans genetics and comparative genomics have identified a myriad of components acting in the IFT process (26). For an extensive summary on IFT and cilia, readers are directed to recent rev ...
... the middle segment of the cilium, while OSM-3 acts alone to build the distal segment. Recent studies using C. elegans genetics and comparative genomics have identified a myriad of components acting in the IFT process (26). For an extensive summary on IFT and cilia, readers are directed to recent rev ...
Separate Representations of Target and Timing Cue Locations in
... (1,000 –1,300 ms), maintain central fixation while a peripheral target was briefly flashed, wait for a variable interval (700 –1,000 ms) until the central fixation point extinguished, and then saccade to the remembered location. In the timing-cue task (Fig. 1B), the monkeys performed a memory-guided ...
... (1,000 –1,300 ms), maintain central fixation while a peripheral target was briefly flashed, wait for a variable interval (700 –1,000 ms) until the central fixation point extinguished, and then saccade to the remembered location. In the timing-cue task (Fig. 1B), the monkeys performed a memory-guided ...
Intelligent agents capable of developing memory of their environment
... Artificial neural networks are intended to mimic, in some sense, the computational models of nervous systems. However many ANN models ignore the fact that the neurons in the nervous system are part of the phenotype which is derived from the genotype through a process called development [Kumar, 2003] ...
... Artificial neural networks are intended to mimic, in some sense, the computational models of nervous systems. However many ANN models ignore the fact that the neurons in the nervous system are part of the phenotype which is derived from the genotype through a process called development [Kumar, 2003] ...
Gustatory Processing in Drosophila Higher Brain Centers By
... was not identified until much later. This gene is preferentially expressed in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons (Waddell et al., 2000), which have been shown to play an important role in memory consolidation. These genetic studies, and many others like them, have produced profound insights into ...
... was not identified until much later. This gene is preferentially expressed in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons (Waddell et al., 2000), which have been shown to play an important role in memory consolidation. These genetic studies, and many others like them, have produced profound insights into ...
- Valiente Lab
... disease only become apparent during late adolescence or early adulthood, many lines of evidence suggest that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component1,2. Several independent studies have identified neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and its receptor ERBB4 as important risk gen ...
... disease only become apparent during late adolescence or early adulthood, many lines of evidence suggest that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component1,2. Several independent studies have identified neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and its receptor ERBB4 as important risk gen ...
The neuroprotective effects of milk fat globule
... progression [6]. This suggests that MFG-E8 acts as a suppressor of the peripheral immune system and that MFG-E8 may be a therapeutic target for immune-mediated bowel diseases [7,8]. Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). In neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and ...
... progression [6]. This suggests that MFG-E8 acts as a suppressor of the peripheral immune system and that MFG-E8 may be a therapeutic target for immune-mediated bowel diseases [7,8]. Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). In neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and ...
in Primate STT Cells Differentially Modulate Brief
... Dickenson 1998). A behavioral study found that the nociceptive responses in the second phase of the formalin test were potentiated by a group II agonist but slightly reduced by a group III agonist (Fisher and Coderre 1996). The present electrophysiological study of primate spinothalamic tract (STT) ...
... Dickenson 1998). A behavioral study found that the nociceptive responses in the second phase of the formalin test were potentiated by a group II agonist but slightly reduced by a group III agonist (Fisher and Coderre 1996). The present electrophysiological study of primate spinothalamic tract (STT) ...
kbook or W NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
... Can we use what we know to control someone else’s brain? How likely is it that once we know exactly how the brain functions that we will be able to control another person’s brain? It sounds like science fiction, but we can actually do it right now, even with the limited knowledge we have. Transcrani ...
... Can we use what we know to control someone else’s brain? How likely is it that once we know exactly how the brain functions that we will be able to control another person’s brain? It sounds like science fiction, but we can actually do it right now, even with the limited knowledge we have. Transcrani ...
- Columbia University Medical Center
... are also expressed by proprioceptive sensory neurons, raising the possibility that cadherins regulate additional steps in the development of sensory-motor circuits. Introduction Many hundreds of neuronal cell types are generated during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)—a ...
... are also expressed by proprioceptive sensory neurons, raising the possibility that cadherins regulate additional steps in the development of sensory-motor circuits. Introduction Many hundreds of neuronal cell types are generated during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)—a ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
... distinctness, physiological properties of neurons in these two areas generally have been similar with neurons in both areas showing selectivity for complex visual patterns and showing response modulations related to behavioral context in the sequential delayed matchto-sample (DMS) trials, attention, ...
... distinctness, physiological properties of neurons in these two areas generally have been similar with neurons in both areas showing selectivity for complex visual patterns and showing response modulations related to behavioral context in the sequential delayed matchto-sample (DMS) trials, attention, ...
Full-Text PDF
... setting. Stimulation modalities vary greatly in their spatial and temporal scope, but what is learned in studies of extracellular electrical stimulation can inform other stimulation techniques including clinical applications. Our in vitro system delivers electrical stimuli to a culture via a microel ...
... setting. Stimulation modalities vary greatly in their spatial and temporal scope, but what is learned in studies of extracellular electrical stimulation can inform other stimulation techniques including clinical applications. Our in vitro system delivers electrical stimuli to a culture via a microel ...
Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF): Neurotrophic Functions and
... brains and nerves, and plays functional roles in the central as well as peripheral nervous systems. A large number of studies have accumulated evidence showing that HGF is a multipotent growth factor that functions as a novel neurotrophic factor for a variety of neurons, including the hippocampal, c ...
... brains and nerves, and plays functional roles in the central as well as peripheral nervous systems. A large number of studies have accumulated evidence showing that HGF is a multipotent growth factor that functions as a novel neurotrophic factor for a variety of neurons, including the hippocampal, c ...
Structure and Function in the Inferior Olivary Nucleus
... information about the state of olivary network and modulate plasticity in the cerebellar cortex. A remarkable feature of the olive is the widespread electrotonic coupling between neurons under ...
... information about the state of olivary network and modulate plasticity in the cerebellar cortex. A remarkable feature of the olive is the widespread electrotonic coupling between neurons under ...
CELL MIGRATION IN THE FOREBRAIN
... types in the forebrain requires the creation of distinct antero-posterior and dorsoventral progenitor domains by the coordinated activity of several morphogenetic centers (Marı́n & Rubenstein 2002, Wilson & Rubenstein 2000). The induction of specific transcription factors in different progenitor dom ...
... types in the forebrain requires the creation of distinct antero-posterior and dorsoventral progenitor domains by the coordinated activity of several morphogenetic centers (Marı́n & Rubenstein 2002, Wilson & Rubenstein 2000). The induction of specific transcription factors in different progenitor dom ...
Selective Loss of Catecholaminergic Wake–Active Neurons in a
... Image-Pro Plus software (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD) to measure fluorescence intensity relative to background (adjacent non-TH region). For each group of wake-active neurons, the total number of nucleated wake neurons on all relevant sections were counted, and the percentage of these neuro ...
... Image-Pro Plus software (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD) to measure fluorescence intensity relative to background (adjacent non-TH region). For each group of wake-active neurons, the total number of nucleated wake neurons on all relevant sections were counted, and the percentage of these neuro ...
Stimulation of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Decreases
... this CeM neuron to zero. The inhibitory effect of mPFC stimulation peaked at interstimulus intervals of 10 –20 msec, gradually decreased with longer ISIs and vanished at ISIs ranging between 40 and 100 msec. In addition to studying the effects of mPFC prestimulation on synaptically evoked spikes, we ...
... this CeM neuron to zero. The inhibitory effect of mPFC stimulation peaked at interstimulus intervals of 10 –20 msec, gradually decreased with longer ISIs and vanished at ISIs ranging between 40 and 100 msec. In addition to studying the effects of mPFC prestimulation on synaptically evoked spikes, we ...
Stochastic Model of Central Synapses: Slow Diffusion of Transmitter
... narrower (e.g. Ichimura & Hashimoto, 1988), but also seems to be filled with several molecules or a dense staining, gel-like material (see e.g. Edwards, 1995b; Harris & Kater, 1994; Peters & Kaiserman-Abramof, 1969; Van der Loos, 1963). The amount of transmitter molecules released at CNS synapses ex ...
... narrower (e.g. Ichimura & Hashimoto, 1988), but also seems to be filled with several molecules or a dense staining, gel-like material (see e.g. Edwards, 1995b; Harris & Kater, 1994; Peters & Kaiserman-Abramof, 1969; Van der Loos, 1963). The amount of transmitter molecules released at CNS synapses ex ...
Cerebellar fastigial nucleus: from anatomic construction to
... neuroanatomical studies on monkeys, beagles and cats using retrograde, anterograde tracing and autoradiography techniques have revealed that FN neurons send efferent fibers into visceral structures located within the medullary/pontine reticular formations, such as the gigantocellular nucleus (NGC), ...
... neuroanatomical studies on monkeys, beagles and cats using retrograde, anterograde tracing and autoradiography techniques have revealed that FN neurons send efferent fibers into visceral structures located within the medullary/pontine reticular formations, such as the gigantocellular nucleus (NGC), ...
Descending Systems Translate Transient Cortical Commands into a
... identify the parameters coded in different motor sites, the relationships between the temporal profile of neuronal responses and the dynamics of motor behavior remain poorly understood in particular because motor parameters such as force and movement direction often change over time. We studied time ...
... identify the parameters coded in different motor sites, the relationships between the temporal profile of neuronal responses and the dynamics of motor behavior remain poorly understood in particular because motor parameters such as force and movement direction often change over time. We studied time ...
Pheromone signaling in the fruit fly Drosophila
... The use of pheromones is widespread among very diverse taxa, but has been most extensively studied in insects. The first pheromone to be chemically characterized was bombykol, the sex pheromone of the silkworm moth Bombyx mori (Butenandt et al. 1959), and the intensive research that followed has led ...
... The use of pheromones is widespread among very diverse taxa, but has been most extensively studied in insects. The first pheromone to be chemically characterized was bombykol, the sex pheromone of the silkworm moth Bombyx mori (Butenandt et al. 1959), and the intensive research that followed has led ...
Discharge Rate of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons Is
... the on-line spike sorting. Each of these spike trains was then analyzed for stability. In this analysis, the rate of each unit as a function of time was displayed graphically for the entire period of recording. Only units that were judged as steady in the 15 min prior to APO injection and did not co ...
... the on-line spike sorting. Each of these spike trains was then analyzed for stability. In this analysis, the rate of each unit as a function of time was displayed graphically for the entire period of recording. Only units that were judged as steady in the 15 min prior to APO injection and did not co ...
the primate amygdala: neuronal representations of
... include firing to even viscous liquids, and sufficiently short so that low viscosity taste stimuli were still activating the neurons, as shown in Fig. 2 of Rolls et al. (2003) and in Fig. 4. An ANOVA was performed (with SPSS) to determine whether the neuron had significantly different responses to t ...
... include firing to even viscous liquids, and sufficiently short so that low viscosity taste stimuli were still activating the neurons, as shown in Fig. 2 of Rolls et al. (2003) and in Fig. 4. An ANOVA was performed (with SPSS) to determine whether the neuron had significantly different responses to t ...