Središnja medicinska knjižnica
... Axonal transport of enzymatically active botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) from periphery to the CNS has been described in facial and trigeminal nerve, leading to cleavage of synaptosomalassociated protein 25 (SNAP-25) in central nuclei. Aim of present study was to examine the existence of axonal transport ...
... Axonal transport of enzymatically active botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) from periphery to the CNS has been described in facial and trigeminal nerve, leading to cleavage of synaptosomalassociated protein 25 (SNAP-25) in central nuclei. Aim of present study was to examine the existence of axonal transport ...
Evidence of sympathetic ®bers in the male rat pelvic nerve
... a loss of neural ®bers in the pelvic nerve following lesion of the lumbosacral spinal cord in the rat. However retrograde labelling from the pelvic nerve in this species suggests that the lumbosacral spinal cord contribute a contingent of ®bers in the pelvic nerve. It is also unclear whether pregang ...
... a loss of neural ®bers in the pelvic nerve following lesion of the lumbosacral spinal cord in the rat. However retrograde labelling from the pelvic nerve in this species suggests that the lumbosacral spinal cord contribute a contingent of ®bers in the pelvic nerve. It is also unclear whether pregang ...
Stereoscopic Mechanisms in Monkey Visual Cortex: Binocular
... disparities (TN/TF) and neurons with reciprocal excitatory and inhibitory disparity sensitivity with cross-over at the horopter (NE/FA). Binocularly uncorrelated image contrast drives these neurons to a maintained level of activity, which shifts, in response to correlated images, toward facilitation ...
... disparities (TN/TF) and neurons with reciprocal excitatory and inhibitory disparity sensitivity with cross-over at the horopter (NE/FA). Binocularly uncorrelated image contrast drives these neurons to a maintained level of activity, which shifts, in response to correlated images, toward facilitation ...
Deep sequencing of transcriptomes from the nervous systems of two
... established GABA as an inhibitory transmitter [9, 10], and allowed early studies of the relevance of the fast outward current, IA, for action potential generation and propagation [11, 12]. The first intracellular fluorescent dye-fills were pioneered with crustaceans [13, 14], and crustacean systems ...
... established GABA as an inhibitory transmitter [9, 10], and allowed early studies of the relevance of the fast outward current, IA, for action potential generation and propagation [11, 12]. The first intracellular fluorescent dye-fills were pioneered with crustaceans [13, 14], and crustacean systems ...
Cell Type-Specific, Presynaptic LTP of Inhibitory Synapses on Fast
... by averaging 15–30 consecutive responses: onset latency (from the peak of presynaptic action potentials to the onset of uIPSC); peak amplitude (from the baseline to the peak of uIPSC); base-to-peak rising time (from the onset of uIPSC to its peak); and rising slope (slope of a fitting line from 10 t ...
... by averaging 15–30 consecutive responses: onset latency (from the peak of presynaptic action potentials to the onset of uIPSC); peak amplitude (from the baseline to the peak of uIPSC); base-to-peak rising time (from the onset of uIPSC to its peak); and rising slope (slope of a fitting line from 10 t ...
Morphology of Thalamocortical Neurons Projecting
... or larger somata with multipolar shapes and four to eight primary dendrites. Samples of LY-filled,immunocytochemically stained SI-projecting neurons located in VPL are shown in Figure 2. Most SI-projecting neurons in VPI were medium-sized or small, and had four to eight primary dendrites (see Fig. 3 ...
... or larger somata with multipolar shapes and four to eight primary dendrites. Samples of LY-filled,immunocytochemically stained SI-projecting neurons located in VPL are shown in Figure 2. Most SI-projecting neurons in VPI were medium-sized or small, and had four to eight primary dendrites (see Fig. 3 ...
judasMRT99
... described NADPH-d and nNOS-positive Cajal-Retzius cells in the rat neocortical marginal zone already at embryonic days E14 and E15, and stressed that these are the earliest appearing nitrinergic neurons in the neocortical anlage. Finally, NADPH-d neurons of the marginal zone were reported in all pub ...
... described NADPH-d and nNOS-positive Cajal-Retzius cells in the rat neocortical marginal zone already at embryonic days E14 and E15, and stressed that these are the earliest appearing nitrinergic neurons in the neocortical anlage. Finally, NADPH-d neurons of the marginal zone were reported in all pub ...
The Spinal Nerve
... Has projections (gray horns) Organization of Gray Matter The gray horns Posterior gray horns contain somatic and visceralsensory nuclei Anterior gray horns contain somatic motor nuclei Lateral gray horns are in thoracic and lumbar segments; contain visceral motor nuclei Gray commissures (axons that ...
... Has projections (gray horns) Organization of Gray Matter The gray horns Posterior gray horns contain somatic and visceralsensory nuclei Anterior gray horns contain somatic motor nuclei Lateral gray horns are in thoracic and lumbar segments; contain visceral motor nuclei Gray commissures (axons that ...
Ventral Intraparietal Area of the Macaque: Anatomic Location and
... which a stimulus was presented, preferring a stimulus of equivalent visual angle and luminance presented near (within 20 cm) or very near (within 5 cm) the face. These neurons maintained their preference for near stimuli when tested monocularly, suggesting that visual cues other than disparity can s ...
... which a stimulus was presented, preferring a stimulus of equivalent visual angle and luminance presented near (within 20 cm) or very near (within 5 cm) the face. These neurons maintained their preference for near stimuli when tested monocularly, suggesting that visual cues other than disparity can s ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation by
... activities are directly rewarded without behaviors. We discuss the potential of this approach to elucidate neuronal plasticity for enhancing specific brain functions and its interaction with the progress in neurorehabilitation and brain-machine interfaces. The key to-be-conditioned activities that t ...
... activities are directly rewarded without behaviors. We discuss the potential of this approach to elucidate neuronal plasticity for enhancing specific brain functions and its interaction with the progress in neurorehabilitation and brain-machine interfaces. The key to-be-conditioned activities that t ...
Development of the rat thalamus: VI. The posterior lobule of the
... embryos, fetuses, and young pups were analyzed in order to determine the time of origin, site of origin, migratory route, and settling pattern of neurons of the dorsal lateral geniculate (LGD), ventral lateral geniculate (LGV), and lateral posterior (LP) nuclei of the thalamus. Quantitative examinat ...
... embryos, fetuses, and young pups were analyzed in order to determine the time of origin, site of origin, migratory route, and settling pattern of neurons of the dorsal lateral geniculate (LGD), ventral lateral geniculate (LGV), and lateral posterior (LP) nuclei of the thalamus. Quantitative examinat ...
Cortical Algorithms for Perceptual Grouping
... red dot. This example demonstrates the transitivity of perceptual grouping: If A is grouped with B, and B with C, then A is also grouped with C. Transitivity implies that grouping image elements depends on the context of the scene provided by other elements located at nearby or remote locations. Fig ...
... red dot. This example demonstrates the transitivity of perceptual grouping: If A is grouped with B, and B with C, then A is also grouped with C. Transitivity implies that grouping image elements depends on the context of the scene provided by other elements located at nearby or remote locations. Fig ...
Cell-Type Specific Channelopathies in the Prefrontal Cortex of the
... label PT neurons and a green tracer into either the contralateral striatum or contralateral mPFC to label IT neurons. In both genotypes, IT neurons were found throughout L2– 6, whereas PT neurons were restricted to L5/6. Within the deep layers, PT and IT neurons could be observed within close proxim ...
... label PT neurons and a green tracer into either the contralateral striatum or contralateral mPFC to label IT neurons. In both genotypes, IT neurons were found throughout L2– 6, whereas PT neurons were restricted to L5/6. Within the deep layers, PT and IT neurons could be observed within close proxim ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... indicator variables for reinforcement, concentrations of each tastant, bin number, trial number, tastant delivery number within each trial, and possibly their interactions. The parameter vector % is the relative contribution of each covariate to the fit of the data, and %0 is the intercept. The mode ...
... indicator variables for reinforcement, concentrations of each tastant, bin number, trial number, tastant delivery number within each trial, and possibly their interactions. The parameter vector % is the relative contribution of each covariate to the fit of the data, and %0 is the intercept. The mode ...
The Integrative Action of the Autonomic Nervous System
... University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. The autonomic nervous system carries the signals from the central nervous system to all organs and tissues of the body except skeletal muscle fibers. It is made up of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons linked together in functionally disti ...
... University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. The autonomic nervous system carries the signals from the central nervous system to all organs and tissues of the body except skeletal muscle fibers. It is made up of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons linked together in functionally disti ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... indicator variables for reinforcement, concentrations of each tastant, bin number, trial number, tastant delivery number within each trial, and possibly their interactions. The parameter vector  is the relative contribution of each covariate to the fit of the data, and 0 is the intercept. The mode ...
... indicator variables for reinforcement, concentrations of each tastant, bin number, trial number, tastant delivery number within each trial, and possibly their interactions. The parameter vector  is the relative contribution of each covariate to the fit of the data, and 0 is the intercept. The mode ...
Orcokinin peptides in developing and adult crustacean
... The orcokinins are a family of neuropeptides recently isolated from several crustacean species. We found orcokinin-like immunoreactivity in the stomatogastric nervous systems and pericardial organs of three decapod crustacean species, Homarus americanus, Cancer borealis, and Panulirus interruptus. T ...
... The orcokinins are a family of neuropeptides recently isolated from several crustacean species. We found orcokinin-like immunoreactivity in the stomatogastric nervous systems and pericardial organs of three decapod crustacean species, Homarus americanus, Cancer borealis, and Panulirus interruptus. T ...
The Optic Tectum of Birds - Department of Psychology
... experiments. Most tectal cells have a centre-surround organisation, and respond best to a spot moving through the excitatory centre, as a background simultaneously moves in the opposite direction in the surround (Frost & Nakayama, 1983; Frost et al., 1988, 1990). Pharmacological inactivation of the ...
... experiments. Most tectal cells have a centre-surround organisation, and respond best to a spot moving through the excitatory centre, as a background simultaneously moves in the opposite direction in the surround (Frost & Nakayama, 1983; Frost et al., 1988, 1990). Pharmacological inactivation of the ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation
... neuronal activities are directly rewarded without behaviors. We discuss the potential of this approach to elucidate neuronal plasticity for enhancing specific brain functions and its interaction with the progress in neurorehabilitation and brain–machine interfaces. The key to-be-conditioned activiti ...
... neuronal activities are directly rewarded without behaviors. We discuss the potential of this approach to elucidate neuronal plasticity for enhancing specific brain functions and its interaction with the progress in neurorehabilitation and brain–machine interfaces. The key to-be-conditioned activiti ...
The role of nitric oxide in the hypothalamic control of LHRH and
... nitric oxide synthase [15, 18, 133, 140] and estrogen receptors [90]. In the ventrolateral aspect of the nucleus, the estrogen receptors have been found to be expressed in numerous NADPH-d-positive neurons (Fig. 10) [18, 97] indicating a potential role of NO in sexual behavior. The biological signif ...
... nitric oxide synthase [15, 18, 133, 140] and estrogen receptors [90]. In the ventrolateral aspect of the nucleus, the estrogen receptors have been found to be expressed in numerous NADPH-d-positive neurons (Fig. 10) [18, 97] indicating a potential role of NO in sexual behavior. The biological signif ...
I Know What You Are Doing: A - Università degli Studi di Parma
... Figure 1. Example of a Neuron Responding to Action Observation in Full Vision and in Hidden Condition but Not in Mimed Conditions The lower part of each panel illustrates schematically the experimenter’s action as observed from the monkey’s vantage point: the experimenter’s hand started from a fixed ...
... Figure 1. Example of a Neuron Responding to Action Observation in Full Vision and in Hidden Condition but Not in Mimed Conditions The lower part of each panel illustrates schematically the experimenter’s action as observed from the monkey’s vantage point: the experimenter’s hand started from a fixed ...
Understanding Opioid Reward Howard L. Fields and Elyssa B
... While these studies strongly support a role for dopamine neurons in positive reinforcement, their interpretation must be informed by the fact that VTA TH expressing neurons can also release glutamate, GABA, and a variety of neuropeptides (Box 2). Another caveat to these experiments is that TH mRNA e ...
... While these studies strongly support a role for dopamine neurons in positive reinforcement, their interpretation must be informed by the fact that VTA TH expressing neurons can also release glutamate, GABA, and a variety of neuropeptides (Box 2). Another caveat to these experiments is that TH mRNA e ...
Document
... • Everyday observations suggest that even when we are not sleepy, our alertness can vary. • For example, when we observe something very interesting (or frightening, or simply surprising), we become more alert and aware of our surroundings. • Circuits of neurons that secrete at least five different n ...
... • Everyday observations suggest that even when we are not sleepy, our alertness can vary. • For example, when we observe something very interesting (or frightening, or simply surprising), we become more alert and aware of our surroundings. • Circuits of neurons that secrete at least five different n ...
Ectopic sensory neurons in mutant cockroaches
... cuticle of the hair shaft, the third cell differentiates into a neuron and the fourth cell differentiates into the accessory cell (Bate, 1978). The sensory neuron axon navigates into the CNS where it forms specific synaptic connections with first order interneurons (Bacon and Murphey, 1984) and moto ...
... cuticle of the hair shaft, the third cell differentiates into a neuron and the fourth cell differentiates into the accessory cell (Bate, 1978). The sensory neuron axon navigates into the CNS where it forms specific synaptic connections with first order interneurons (Bacon and Murphey, 1984) and moto ...
Distinct Representations and Theta Dynamics in Dorsal and Ventral
... cross-correlation functions as additional separation tools (http://klusters.sourceforge.net; http://neuroscope.sourceforge.net) (Hazan et al., 2006). Only clusters with clear boundaries in at least one of the projections were included in the database (supplemental Fig. 1, available at www.jneurosci. ...
... cross-correlation functions as additional separation tools (http://klusters.sourceforge.net; http://neuroscope.sourceforge.net) (Hazan et al., 2006). Only clusters with clear boundaries in at least one of the projections were included in the database (supplemental Fig. 1, available at www.jneurosci. ...