Neurons in Anterior Cingulate Cortex Multiplex
... tion only and not on task-related response properties. We approached corresponding to unimodal and bimodal curves. To test for significance ACC through a standard recording grid. ACC was identified by structural of tuning, we used the following bootstrap method. We randomly reshufmagnetic resonance ...
... tion only and not on task-related response properties. We approached corresponding to unimodal and bimodal curves. To test for significance ACC through a standard recording grid. ACC was identified by structural of tuning, we used the following bootstrap method. We randomly reshufmagnetic resonance ...
Plxdc2/TEM7R of the mouse
... identiWed in several species. These include families of guidance cues such as the netrins, semaphorins, slits, and ephrins (Dickson, 2002; Yu and Bargmann, 2001). In addition, a number of classically deWned morphogens, including Wnts, BMPs, and Shh have also recently been found to act in axon guidan ...
... identiWed in several species. These include families of guidance cues such as the netrins, semaphorins, slits, and ephrins (Dickson, 2002; Yu and Bargmann, 2001). In addition, a number of classically deWned morphogens, including Wnts, BMPs, and Shh have also recently been found to act in axon guidan ...
Read Here
... Transgenic mouse strains. Procedures were in accordance with Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee policies at Harvard Medical School and Dartmouth Giesel School of Medicine. Triple-transgenic animals were generated by breeding Tac1::IRES-cre (Harris et al., 2014) mice to either double-transge ...
... Transgenic mouse strains. Procedures were in accordance with Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee policies at Harvard Medical School and Dartmouth Giesel School of Medicine. Triple-transgenic animals were generated by breeding Tac1::IRES-cre (Harris et al., 2014) mice to either double-transge ...
Kalirin, a Multifunctional Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor
... Copyright © 2003 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/03/2310593-11$15.00/0 ...
... Copyright © 2003 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/03/2310593-11$15.00/0 ...
Molekuláris bionika és Infobionika Szakok tananyagának
... THE AUTONOMIC REFLEX THE OPERATION OF THE VISCERAL ORGANS IS MODULATED BY THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ACCORDINGLY, SENSORY VISCERAL AFFERENTS CONVEY INFORMATION TO THE CENTERS OF THE CNS FROM RECEPTORS DISTRIBUTED IN THE ORGANS THE BRAIN STEM AND THE SPINAL CORD REGULATE THE MOTOR ACTIVITY (SMOOTH ...
... THE AUTONOMIC REFLEX THE OPERATION OF THE VISCERAL ORGANS IS MODULATED BY THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ACCORDINGLY, SENSORY VISCERAL AFFERENTS CONVEY INFORMATION TO THE CENTERS OF THE CNS FROM RECEPTORS DISTRIBUTED IN THE ORGANS THE BRAIN STEM AND THE SPINAL CORD REGULATE THE MOTOR ACTIVITY (SMOOTH ...
Smell and Taste: The Chemical Senses
... to Depolarization of the Sensory Neuron Odorants induce increases in adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP in preparations of olfactory cilia. This effect is GTP dependent, suggesting that olfactory transduction, like visual transduction, proceeds via a G protein-coupled mechanism. The existence of an ...
... to Depolarization of the Sensory Neuron Odorants induce increases in adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP in preparations of olfactory cilia. This effect is GTP dependent, suggesting that olfactory transduction, like visual transduction, proceeds via a G protein-coupled mechanism. The existence of an ...
Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the rat
... midline. DRN neurons were found 5800-6000 µm below brain surface. Neurons were identified as serotonergic if they met the criteria defined previously by McGinty and Harper (1976), Trulson and Jacobs (1979) and Levine and Jacobs (1992), i.e.: (1) a slow and regular activity during quiet waking (1-4 H ...
... midline. DRN neurons were found 5800-6000 µm below brain surface. Neurons were identified as serotonergic if they met the criteria defined previously by McGinty and Harper (1976), Trulson and Jacobs (1979) and Levine and Jacobs (1992), i.e.: (1) a slow and regular activity during quiet waking (1-4 H ...
Document
... Each one of its billions of cells performs some activity that is a part of this function. Control of the body’s billions of cells is accomplished in part by two body-wide communication systems: the nervous system and the endocrine system. Both systems transmit information from one part of the ...
... Each one of its billions of cells performs some activity that is a part of this function. Control of the body’s billions of cells is accomplished in part by two body-wide communication systems: the nervous system and the endocrine system. Both systems transmit information from one part of the ...
Optophysiological analysis of associational circuits in the olfactory
... and their roles in odor-evoked responses, is vital for understanding how odors are recognized and how they are used by the animal to guide its behavior. However, the synaptic properties of the different associational projections have not been characterized, in part due to their extensive anatomic mi ...
... and their roles in odor-evoked responses, is vital for understanding how odors are recognized and how they are used by the animal to guide its behavior. However, the synaptic properties of the different associational projections have not been characterized, in part due to their extensive anatomic mi ...
Neurons in red nucleus and primary motor cortex exhibit similar
... Primary motor cortex (M1) and red nucleus (RN) are brain regions involved in limb motor control. Both structures are highly interconnected with the cerebellum and project directly to the spinal cord, although the contribution of RN is smaller than M1. It remains uncertain whether RN and M1 serve sim ...
... Primary motor cortex (M1) and red nucleus (RN) are brain regions involved in limb motor control. Both structures are highly interconnected with the cerebellum and project directly to the spinal cord, although the contribution of RN is smaller than M1. It remains uncertain whether RN and M1 serve sim ...
α3β1 integrin modulates neuronal migration and placement during
... cell motility and contribute to the impaired activity at the leading edges, normally needed for proper migration (Edmondson and Hatten, 1987; Rivas and Hatten, 1995). To further investigate the dynamics of leading edges, we electroporated embryonic cortical cells with EGFP fused to the PH domain of ...
... cell motility and contribute to the impaired activity at the leading edges, normally needed for proper migration (Edmondson and Hatten, 1987; Rivas and Hatten, 1995). To further investigate the dynamics of leading edges, we electroporated embryonic cortical cells with EGFP fused to the PH domain of ...
Regulation of synaptic functions in central nervous system by
... α-MSH secretion, and, to suppress the firing of orexigenic LepRb/NPY-expressing neurons, secretion of NPY and AgRP (Figure 1B) [21,37,38]. The response to leptin in ARC neurons mainly contributes to satiety. Leptin can also directly regulate mesolimbic VTA (ventral tegmental area) DA (dopaminergic) ...
... α-MSH secretion, and, to suppress the firing of orexigenic LepRb/NPY-expressing neurons, secretion of NPY and AgRP (Figure 1B) [21,37,38]. The response to leptin in ARC neurons mainly contributes to satiety. Leptin can also directly regulate mesolimbic VTA (ventral tegmental area) DA (dopaminergic) ...
Sensory experience and the formation of a computational map of
... In these sensory systems, the neural pathways that transmit signals from the receptor cells to their targets exhibit the same spatial order as that of the receptor cells within the sense organ. This is also the case for most of the ascending and descending connections that exist between successive l ...
... In these sensory systems, the neural pathways that transmit signals from the receptor cells to their targets exhibit the same spatial order as that of the receptor cells within the sense organ. This is also the case for most of the ascending and descending connections that exist between successive l ...
Trigeminal Ganglion Cell Processes Are
... of the whiskers is transferred to afferent arbors and their target cells along the entire trigeminal neuraxis leading to the neocortex. In this study, we present evidence of an orderly patterning in the early outgrowth of trigeminal ganglion cell processes; this intrinsic spatial organization may pr ...
... of the whiskers is transferred to afferent arbors and their target cells along the entire trigeminal neuraxis leading to the neocortex. In this study, we present evidence of an orderly patterning in the early outgrowth of trigeminal ganglion cell processes; this intrinsic spatial organization may pr ...
15-2 Sensory Receptors
... Processing centers in the spinal cord or brain stem may direct an immediate reflex response even before sensations reach the cerebral cortex. ...
... Processing centers in the spinal cord or brain stem may direct an immediate reflex response even before sensations reach the cerebral cortex. ...
A Cholinergic Mechanism for Reward Timing within Primary Visual Cortex Please share
... responses before and after policy reversal. Since pre-reversal index scores from intact and 192-IgG-saporin-infused animals were not significantly different from each other (cue 1dominant: Mann-Whitney U test P = 0.4010; cue 2-dominant: P = 0.7980), these data were combined together for the remainin ...
... responses before and after policy reversal. Since pre-reversal index scores from intact and 192-IgG-saporin-infused animals were not significantly different from each other (cue 1dominant: Mann-Whitney U test P = 0.4010; cue 2-dominant: P = 0.7980), these data were combined together for the remainin ...
Name__________________________________ The Spinal Cord
... A reflex arc represents the simplest type of nerve pathway found in the brain. It may consist of only 2 or 3 neurons. The pathway is an automatic, unconscious response to a change in the external environment and does not involve the brain. The main steps of a reflex are receptor, sensory neuron, spi ...
... A reflex arc represents the simplest type of nerve pathway found in the brain. It may consist of only 2 or 3 neurons. The pathway is an automatic, unconscious response to a change in the external environment and does not involve the brain. The main steps of a reflex are receptor, sensory neuron, spi ...
The migration of neural crest cells and the growth of
... into chick embryos (Le Douarin, 1973; Le Douarin & Teillet, 1974). The approximate pathway of neural crest migration has also been elucidated, using this and a variety of other anatomical techniques. Recently, it has been possible to analyse the migration of crest cells with greater precision using ...
... into chick embryos (Le Douarin, 1973; Le Douarin & Teillet, 1974). The approximate pathway of neural crest migration has also been elucidated, using this and a variety of other anatomical techniques. Recently, it has been possible to analyse the migration of crest cells with greater precision using ...
Taste Physiology - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... concentrating & transporting protein (delivers taste-producing molecules to receptors) is produced by Ebner glands. SWEET - at tongue tip. most sweet substances are organic: sucrose, maltose, lactose, glucose, polysaccharides, glycerol, some alcohols and ketones, chloroform, beryllium salts, var ...
... concentrating & transporting protein (delivers taste-producing molecules to receptors) is produced by Ebner glands. SWEET - at tongue tip. most sweet substances are organic: sucrose, maltose, lactose, glucose, polysaccharides, glycerol, some alcohols and ketones, chloroform, beryllium salts, var ...
Eye-specific Segregation Requires Neural Activity in Three
... population of postsynaptic cells, one mechanism spreads the fibers throughout the entire postsynaptic structure, while a second mechanism tends to group together those fibers from the same source. The division of the neuropil into interdigitating zones of sourcespecific termination optimizes both of ...
... population of postsynaptic cells, one mechanism spreads the fibers throughout the entire postsynaptic structure, while a second mechanism tends to group together those fibers from the same source. The division of the neuropil into interdigitating zones of sourcespecific termination optimizes both of ...
Reduced Levels of Acetylcholine Receptor Expression in Chick
... of a hybridoma cell line that was kindly provided by Dr. Darwin Berg (University of California at San Diego). mAb 35 was diluted 1:lOO in PBS and used at 0.1 pm. Anti-SV2 is a mouse mAb to the synaptic vesicle transmembrane glycoprotein SV2 (Buckley and Kelly, 1985). The anti-SV2 mAb was generously ...
... of a hybridoma cell line that was kindly provided by Dr. Darwin Berg (University of California at San Diego). mAb 35 was diluted 1:lOO in PBS and used at 0.1 pm. Anti-SV2 is a mouse mAb to the synaptic vesicle transmembrane glycoprotein SV2 (Buckley and Kelly, 1985). The anti-SV2 mAb was generously ...
Chemosensory pathways in the brainstem controlling
... Cardiorespiratory activity is controlled by a network of neurons located within the lower brainstem. The basic rhythm of breathing is generated by neuronal circuits within the medullary pre-Bötzinger complex, modulated by pontine and other inputs from cell groups within the medulla oblongata and th ...
... Cardiorespiratory activity is controlled by a network of neurons located within the lower brainstem. The basic rhythm of breathing is generated by neuronal circuits within the medullary pre-Bötzinger complex, modulated by pontine and other inputs from cell groups within the medulla oblongata and th ...
Title - HAL
... Neuronal dendrites display an astonishing diversity in shape. This part of the nerve cells is important for several reasons. Firstly, it strongly influences the information processing performed by the cell, though how this influence is exercised is still debated. Secondly, the shape of dendritic arb ...
... Neuronal dendrites display an astonishing diversity in shape. This part of the nerve cells is important for several reasons. Firstly, it strongly influences the information processing performed by the cell, though how this influence is exercised is still debated. Secondly, the shape of dendritic arb ...
NEOCORTEX
... in the cortical stmctures, particularly the cerebellum and neocortex. Within the neoconex itself, the expansion is uneven. In comparison with nonhuman primates of equivalent body weight, the association and premotor areas have expanded relative to the sensory areas. When added together, the neocorte ...
... in the cortical stmctures, particularly the cerebellum and neocortex. Within the neoconex itself, the expansion is uneven. In comparison with nonhuman primates of equivalent body weight, the association and premotor areas have expanded relative to the sensory areas. When added together, the neocorte ...
Functional Connectivity of the Secondary Somatosensory Cortex of
... provide an alternative view, that is, S2 received direct thalamic inputs rather than through a serially organized path by means of S1. One hypothesis to explain these divergent findings is the possibility that serial or parallel processing types vary among species and/ or different body regions. The ...
... provide an alternative view, that is, S2 received direct thalamic inputs rather than through a serially organized path by means of S1. One hypothesis to explain these divergent findings is the possibility that serial or parallel processing types vary among species and/ or different body regions. The ...