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... Mawe and Kennedy (1998, 1999) have performed two experiments in the guinea pig using retrograde tracing method combined with immunohistochemistry to investigate the distribution and chemical coding of intrinsic neurons supplying the SO. In the first study (Kennedy and Mawe 1998) they have applied Di ...
... Mawe and Kennedy (1998, 1999) have performed two experiments in the guinea pig using retrograde tracing method combined with immunohistochemistry to investigate the distribution and chemical coding of intrinsic neurons supplying the SO. In the first study (Kennedy and Mawe 1998) they have applied Di ...
Development of the Nervous System of Carinina ochracea
... proboscis housed in a fluid-filled secondary body cavity (the rhynchocoel), and a ring-shaped brain, encircling the proboscis insertion instead of the mouth opening [10,11]. Currenly available immunohistochemical observations on nervous system development in Nemertea draw a heterogeneous and still f ...
... proboscis housed in a fluid-filled secondary body cavity (the rhynchocoel), and a ring-shaped brain, encircling the proboscis insertion instead of the mouth opening [10,11]. Currenly available immunohistochemical observations on nervous system development in Nemertea draw a heterogeneous and still f ...
Impaired Cl Extrusion in Layer V Pyramidal Neurons of Chronically
... All experiments were carried out according to protocols approved by the Stanford Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Fortyfour Sprague-Dawley rats aged P36-46 (P0 ⫽ date of birth) were used for in vitro recordings. Partially isolated islands of sensory-motor cortex (“undercuts”) were produc ...
... All experiments were carried out according to protocols approved by the Stanford Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Fortyfour Sprague-Dawley rats aged P36-46 (P0 ⫽ date of birth) were used for in vitro recordings. Partially isolated islands of sensory-motor cortex (“undercuts”) were produc ...
Aggregate Input-Output Models of Neuronal Populations
... individual neurons from different regions. They shed insight into neural communication but do not explicitly provide a model that predicts how one region’s activity impacts another. Different models have been proposed over the years to gauge the effect of neurons in one site on neurons in another. M ...
... individual neurons from different regions. They shed insight into neural communication but do not explicitly provide a model that predicts how one region’s activity impacts another. Different models have been proposed over the years to gauge the effect of neurons in one site on neurons in another. M ...
Self-organization and interareal networks™in™the™primate cortex
... and the collection of valleys and hilltops constitutes an N-dimensional space, which is explored by the dynamics of the gene regulatory network (Brazhnik et al., 2002). There are a number of different approaches one can adopt to study cortical development. One is to describe the cellular events, usu ...
... and the collection of valleys and hilltops constitutes an N-dimensional space, which is explored by the dynamics of the gene regulatory network (Brazhnik et al., 2002). There are a number of different approaches one can adopt to study cortical development. One is to describe the cellular events, usu ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... brain or spinal cord. Cranial nerves go through openings in the skull and stimulate regions of the head and neck. Spinal nerves stimulate the rest of the body. The cell bodies of cranial and spinal nerves are ...
... brain or spinal cord. Cranial nerves go through openings in the skull and stimulate regions of the head and neck. Spinal nerves stimulate the rest of the body. The cell bodies of cranial and spinal nerves are ...
Synaptic inhibition is caused by:
... Which of the following end bulb firing situations would not be an example of spatial summation: a. 100 EPSP's + 4(20 IPSP's) b. 100 EPSP's + 50 IPSP's c. 100 EPSP's alone d. 100 EPSP's + 100 IPSP's e. actually all of the above are not spatial ...
... Which of the following end bulb firing situations would not be an example of spatial summation: a. 100 EPSP's + 4(20 IPSP's) b. 100 EPSP's + 50 IPSP's c. 100 EPSP's alone d. 100 EPSP's + 100 IPSP's e. actually all of the above are not spatial ...
ch_12_lecture_presentation
... A myelinated axon, showing the organization of Schwann cells along the length of the axon. Also shown are stages in the formation of a myelin sheath by a single Schwann cell along a portion of a single axon. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... A myelinated axon, showing the organization of Schwann cells along the length of the axon. Also shown are stages in the formation of a myelin sheath by a single Schwann cell along a portion of a single axon. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Expression of the BDNF gene in the developing
... using intensifying screens for 4 days. mRNA quantification using reverse transcription and PCR The number of copies of endogenous BDNF mRNA was determined using PCR preceded by reverse transcription of the mRNA and of a standard identical with the endogenous mRNA in the sequence to be amplified with ...
... using intensifying screens for 4 days. mRNA quantification using reverse transcription and PCR The number of copies of endogenous BDNF mRNA was determined using PCR preceded by reverse transcription of the mRNA and of a standard identical with the endogenous mRNA in the sequence to be amplified with ...
Spike train propagation in the axon of a visual interneuron,... Locusta migratoria
... Neurons perform complex computations, communications and precise transmissions of information in the form of action potentials (APs). The high level of heterogeneity and complexity at all levels of organization within a neuron and the functional requirement of highly permeable cell membranes leave n ...
... Neurons perform complex computations, communications and precise transmissions of information in the form of action potentials (APs). The high level of heterogeneity and complexity at all levels of organization within a neuron and the functional requirement of highly permeable cell membranes leave n ...
.... _ ACKNOWLEDGMENT !_ This monograph is based on the
... understanding, and regulating neurotoxic substances remains a pressing challenge. This challenge is complex because toxicants can injure the nervous system in a variety of ways. In addition, knowledge of the structure and function of the nervous system is not sufficient to entrust a single endpoint ...
... understanding, and regulating neurotoxic substances remains a pressing challenge. This challenge is complex because toxicants can injure the nervous system in a variety of ways. In addition, knowledge of the structure and function of the nervous system is not sufficient to entrust a single endpoint ...
Swallowing reflex and brain stem neurons activated by superior
... sections are shown from different animals processed for c-fos and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)immunohistochemical staining. c-fos expression is identified as nuclear staining and nNOS as cytoplasmic staining in neurons. A–C: sections from rostral part of the Sol showing that c-fos-reactive ...
... sections are shown from different animals processed for c-fos and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)immunohistochemical staining. c-fos expression is identified as nuclear staining and nNOS as cytoplasmic staining in neurons. A–C: sections from rostral part of the Sol showing that c-fos-reactive ...
Spontaneous Spike Activity of Spinoreticular Tract Neurons During
... to modulate the rostral transmission of sensory nociceptive information. Earlier evoked potential studies by Pompeiano and his colleagues suggested that a variety of spinal sensory pathways whose axons project through the medial leminiscus are regulated only during the rapid eye movement (REM) porti ...
... to modulate the rostral transmission of sensory nociceptive information. Earlier evoked potential studies by Pompeiano and his colleagues suggested that a variety of spinal sensory pathways whose axons project through the medial leminiscus are regulated only during the rapid eye movement (REM) porti ...
The role of the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus in the central
... hypothalamic area. The distribution of PrRP-containing fibers in the ventral subdivision of the DMH overlapped completely with the area that contained the Fosimmunoreactive neurons. It was shown that essentially all of these PrRP-ir fibers and terminals contained tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH), like PrRP ...
... hypothalamic area. The distribution of PrRP-containing fibers in the ventral subdivision of the DMH overlapped completely with the area that contained the Fosimmunoreactive neurons. It was shown that essentially all of these PrRP-ir fibers and terminals contained tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH), like PrRP ...
Activity of Defined Mushroom Body Output Neurons
... neurons induces avoidance behavior. We therefore propose that drive to the M4/6 neurons reflects odor-directed behavioral choice. ...
... neurons induces avoidance behavior. We therefore propose that drive to the M4/6 neurons reflects odor-directed behavioral choice. ...
elaboration, remodeling and spatial organization of
... centers, including the MBs and the lateral horns. Interestingly, individual PNs acquire distinct but invariant axon arborization patterns in the lateral horn, supporting the presence of an odor map in the higher brain center (Marin et al., 2002; Wong et al., 2002). Although variations exist in the p ...
... centers, including the MBs and the lateral horns. Interestingly, individual PNs acquire distinct but invariant axon arborization patterns in the lateral horn, supporting the presence of an odor map in the higher brain center (Marin et al., 2002; Wong et al., 2002). Although variations exist in the p ...
Action Potential Riddle Quiz
... synaptic vesicles to head toward the cell membrane to let their contents into the synapse through exocytosis so the message can be passed to the next neuron. ...
... synaptic vesicles to head toward the cell membrane to let their contents into the synapse through exocytosis so the message can be passed to the next neuron. ...
Electrical membrane properties of rat subthalamic neurons in an in
... and the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus are exotatoryt~ _~u A review of the hterature reveals that there is only a cursory report on the electrophysiologlcal properties of STH neurons 15. Therefore, we have studied the electrophystologlcal characterisUcs of STH neurons in detail using an m vitro ...
... and the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus are exotatoryt~ _~u A review of the hterature reveals that there is only a cursory report on the electrophysiologlcal properties of STH neurons 15. Therefore, we have studied the electrophystologlcal characterisUcs of STH neurons in detail using an m vitro ...
MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR IN LACTATING RATS STIMULATES c
... 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive labeling was greatest ventromedially, while high numbers of Fosimmunoreactive nuclei were found both ventromedially and ventrolaterally. In pup-stimulated dams, more than half (53% in the medial preoptic area, 59% in the ventral bed nucleus of th ...
... 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive labeling was greatest ventromedially, while high numbers of Fosimmunoreactive nuclei were found both ventromedially and ventrolaterally. In pup-stimulated dams, more than half (53% in the medial preoptic area, 59% in the ventral bed nucleus of th ...
Principles of Neural Science
... impulses, and (3) a response to this signal in the form of a perception or conscious experience of sensation. Their findings gave rise to the fields of psychophysics and sensory physiology. Psychophysics focused on the relationship between the physical characteristics of a stimulus and the attribute ...
... impulses, and (3) a response to this signal in the form of a perception or conscious experience of sensation. Their findings gave rise to the fields of psychophysics and sensory physiology. Psychophysics focused on the relationship between the physical characteristics of a stimulus and the attribute ...
The Spinal Nerve
... Has projections (gray horns) Organization of Gray Matter The gray horns Posterior gray horns contain somatic and visceralsensory nuclei Anterior gray horns contain somatic motor nuclei Lateral gray horns are in thoracic and lumbar segments; contain visceral motor nuclei Gray commissures (axons that ...
... Has projections (gray horns) Organization of Gray Matter The gray horns Posterior gray horns contain somatic and visceralsensory nuclei Anterior gray horns contain somatic motor nuclei Lateral gray horns are in thoracic and lumbar segments; contain visceral motor nuclei Gray commissures (axons that ...
Gao JCN 2000 - Georgia State University
... The inhibitory neurotransmitter ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to play an important role in activity-dependent stages of brain development. Previous studies have shown that different functional subclasses of cortical GABA-containing neurons can be distinguished by antibodies to the calcium-bi ...
... The inhibitory neurotransmitter ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is thought to play an important role in activity-dependent stages of brain development. Previous studies have shown that different functional subclasses of cortical GABA-containing neurons can be distinguished by antibodies to the calcium-bi ...
The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in learning and reward Ph.D
... Pavlovian conditioning was investigated only in a few electrophysiological experiments. ...
... Pavlovian conditioning was investigated only in a few electrophysiological experiments. ...
Reflections on agranular architecture: predictive coding in the motor
... Figure 2. Graphical representation of the computational interactions between expectation and error units: the interactions depicted here are based on the differential equations describing the neuronal dynamics implied by generalised predictive coding (e.g., Equation 3 in [30]). Note the hierarchical ...
... Figure 2. Graphical representation of the computational interactions between expectation and error units: the interactions depicted here are based on the differential equations describing the neuronal dynamics implied by generalised predictive coding (e.g., Equation 3 in [30]). Note the hierarchical ...
Golgi: a life in science - Oxford Academic
... structural continuity of axons; a reticulum as the main functional unit of the brain and cord. Then, a younger man used his method to champion a radically different view. Although Cajal’s interpretations were to prove correct, it was not until the application of the electron microscope many years la ...
... structural continuity of axons; a reticulum as the main functional unit of the brain and cord. Then, a younger man used his method to champion a radically different view. Although Cajal’s interpretations were to prove correct, it was not until the application of the electron microscope many years la ...