![Functional Connectivity of the Secondary Somatosensory Cortex of](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003791395_1-33e9c482c1c4b8f2f9837c4071c0ce51-300x300.png)
Functional Connectivity of the Secondary Somatosensory Cortex of
... provide an alternative view, that is, S2 received direct thalamic inputs rather than through a serially organized path by means of S1. One hypothesis to explain these divergent findings is the possibility that serial or parallel processing types vary among species and/ or different body regions. The ...
... provide an alternative view, that is, S2 received direct thalamic inputs rather than through a serially organized path by means of S1. One hypothesis to explain these divergent findings is the possibility that serial or parallel processing types vary among species and/ or different body regions. The ...
Temperature Integration at the AC Thermosensory Neurons
... Temperature sensation has a strong impact on animal behavior and is necessary for animals to avoid exposure to harmful temperatures. It is now well known that thermoTRP (transient receptor potential) channels in thermosensory neurons detect a variable range of temperature stimuli. However, little is ...
... Temperature sensation has a strong impact on animal behavior and is necessary for animals to avoid exposure to harmful temperatures. It is now well known that thermoTRP (transient receptor potential) channels in thermosensory neurons detect a variable range of temperature stimuli. However, little is ...
[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL
... fibers and thus have the capacity to receive input from those fibers and their multiple sources. From the medulla through the pons and into the midbrain, the reticular neurons acquire converging inputs from different sources including peripheral sensory systems relaying somatic or visceral sensory, ...
... fibers and thus have the capacity to receive input from those fibers and their multiple sources. From the medulla through the pons and into the midbrain, the reticular neurons acquire converging inputs from different sources including peripheral sensory systems relaying somatic or visceral sensory, ...
Dopaminergic Transmission and Wake
... Several groups of dopamine neurons are located in the hypothalamus (A11–A15) but little is known about them with regards to control of the sleep-wake cycle. One study suggested increased activity of the A11 cell group during REM sleep deprivation suggesting they are wake-active (Leger et al. 2010). ...
... Several groups of dopamine neurons are located in the hypothalamus (A11–A15) but little is known about them with regards to control of the sleep-wake cycle. One study suggested increased activity of the A11 cell group during REM sleep deprivation suggesting they are wake-active (Leger et al. 2010). ...
PARK9-Associated ATP13A2 Localizes to Intracellular
... ATP13A2 localizes specifically to cytoplasmic punctate structures in pyramidal neurons located throughout the cingulate cortex of control and PD subjects with an increase in immunoreactivity in PD brains (Fig. S1). In the substantia nigra, ATP13A2 localizes selectively within the cytoplasmic compart ...
... ATP13A2 localizes specifically to cytoplasmic punctate structures in pyramidal neurons located throughout the cingulate cortex of control and PD subjects with an increase in immunoreactivity in PD brains (Fig. S1). In the substantia nigra, ATP13A2 localizes selectively within the cytoplasmic compart ...
PDF
... the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) template. After normalization, all scans had a resolution of 2r2r2 mm. The functional images were spatially smoothed with an isotropic Gaussian kernel (full width at half maximum of 8 mm) to increase the signal:noise ratio. For subject-level statistical anal ...
... the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) template. After normalization, all scans had a resolution of 2r2r2 mm. The functional images were spatially smoothed with an isotropic Gaussian kernel (full width at half maximum of 8 mm) to increase the signal:noise ratio. For subject-level statistical anal ...
Distinct representations of olfactory information in different cortical
... provide the anatomical substrates for distinct olfactory-driven behaviours mediated by these two brain regions. Insight into the logic of olfactory perception will depend on an understanding of how the highly ordered glomerular map is represented in higher olfactory centres. Previous experiments hav ...
... provide the anatomical substrates for distinct olfactory-driven behaviours mediated by these two brain regions. Insight into the logic of olfactory perception will depend on an understanding of how the highly ordered glomerular map is represented in higher olfactory centres. Previous experiments hav ...
Chapter 10 - MBFys Home Page
... 10.1). Only the innermost layer of the eye, the retina, contains neurons that are sensitive to light and are capable of transmitting visual signals to central targets. The immediately adjacent layer of tissue includes three distinct but continuous structures collectively referred to as the uveal tra ...
... 10.1). Only the innermost layer of the eye, the retina, contains neurons that are sensitive to light and are capable of transmitting visual signals to central targets. The immediately adjacent layer of tissue includes three distinct but continuous structures collectively referred to as the uveal tra ...
Solving the Distal Reward Problem through
... experimentally measured time constant of DA uptake in striatum (around 0.1 s, Wightman and Zimmerman 1990; Garris et al. 1994) but smaller than that in the prefrontal cortex (seconds, see Cass and Gerhardt 1995). We take tonic source of DA to be DA(t) = 0.01 lM/s so that the baseline (tonic) concent ...
... experimentally measured time constant of DA uptake in striatum (around 0.1 s, Wightman and Zimmerman 1990; Garris et al. 1994) but smaller than that in the prefrontal cortex (seconds, see Cass and Gerhardt 1995). We take tonic source of DA to be DA(t) = 0.01 lM/s so that the baseline (tonic) concent ...
Acetylcholine - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... pelling, some problems have been noted with antisense approaches, including issues of specificity, so that it is useful to complement these studies with other techniques that can be used to manipulate levels of nAChR subunits. In studies of knockout mice, disruptions of two nicotinic-receptor subuni ...
... pelling, some problems have been noted with antisense approaches, including issues of specificity, so that it is useful to complement these studies with other techniques that can be used to manipulate levels of nAChR subunits. In studies of knockout mice, disruptions of two nicotinic-receptor subuni ...
PDF file - Izhikevich
... neurons, each making thousands of synaptic contacts with its neighbors. Given the complexity of the connectivity inherent in cortical anatomy, efforts to describe the pattern of electrical activity in exact detail within even a highly localized population of cortical neurons would be extremely diffi ...
... neurons, each making thousands of synaptic contacts with its neighbors. Given the complexity of the connectivity inherent in cortical anatomy, efforts to describe the pattern of electrical activity in exact detail within even a highly localized population of cortical neurons would be extremely diffi ...
Cortico–basal ganglia circuit mechanism for a decision threshold in
... known to be under the control of the basal ganglia, which have a critical role in voluntary motor behavior in general25–28. Neurons in substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), an output structure of the basal ganglia, send GABAergic projections to principal cells in the superior colliculus and exhibi ...
... known to be under the control of the basal ganglia, which have a critical role in voluntary motor behavior in general25–28. Neurons in substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), an output structure of the basal ganglia, send GABAergic projections to principal cells in the superior colliculus and exhibi ...
Insights into decision making using choice probability
... the second question includes a tacit assumption that CP originates from feedforward mechanisms. Recent work on CP calls this assumption into question. Therefore, we also ask, 3) what is the origin of CP?; does it result from feedforward pooling of neuronal activity or from feedback mechanisms such a ...
... the second question includes a tacit assumption that CP originates from feedforward mechanisms. Recent work on CP calls this assumption into question. Therefore, we also ask, 3) what is the origin of CP?; does it result from feedforward pooling of neuronal activity or from feedback mechanisms such a ...
Sensory Afferent Neurotransmission in Caudal Nucleus Tractus
... reduce or eliminate SFA. Various neurons in mNTS with excitatory connections to ST all show DE and SFA, but to varying degrees. Using a comprehensive mathematical model representation of mNTS neurons, we have coupled data from isolated currents measured in isolated, dispersed mNTS neurons with respo ...
... reduce or eliminate SFA. Various neurons in mNTS with excitatory connections to ST all show DE and SFA, but to varying degrees. Using a comprehensive mathematical model representation of mNTS neurons, we have coupled data from isolated currents measured in isolated, dispersed mNTS neurons with respo ...
C-fos Expression in the Pons and Medulla of the Cat during
... were performed by bright-field microscopy using a Leitz (ortholux) microscope. Using a camera lucida attachment, the distribution of labeled neurons was drawn from four superimposed, adjacent sections that had been processed simultaneously from control and carbachol-injected cats. Immunoreactive cel ...
... were performed by bright-field microscopy using a Leitz (ortholux) microscope. Using a camera lucida attachment, the distribution of labeled neurons was drawn from four superimposed, adjacent sections that had been processed simultaneously from control and carbachol-injected cats. Immunoreactive cel ...
Multifunctional Laryngeal Premotor Neurons: Their Activities during
... nonrespiratory behaviors such as vocalization, straining, and airway protection reflexes (e.g., coughing, sneezing, and swallowing) (Shiba et al., 1999). How do animals use the same muscles to generate such various different behaviors? During normal breathing, laryngeal motoneurons are driven by out ...
... nonrespiratory behaviors such as vocalization, straining, and airway protection reflexes (e.g., coughing, sneezing, and swallowing) (Shiba et al., 1999). How do animals use the same muscles to generate such various different behaviors? During normal breathing, laryngeal motoneurons are driven by out ...
Mesodermal and neuronal retinoids regulate the induction and
... neuronally synthesized RA in motor neuron maintenance and survival. These findings suggest that during embryogenesis, mesodermal and neuronal retinoids act coordinately to establish and maintain appropriate cohorts of spinal motor neurons that innervate target muscles in the limb. © 2006 Elsevier In ...
... neuronally synthesized RA in motor neuron maintenance and survival. These findings suggest that during embryogenesis, mesodermal and neuronal retinoids act coordinately to establish and maintain appropriate cohorts of spinal motor neurons that innervate target muscles in the limb. © 2006 Elsevier In ...
the diverse roles of l-glutamic acid in brain signal transduction
... GluR7 form functional KA receptors. GluR5 and GluR6 possess the Q/R editing site in their second transmembrane (M2) domain, which modulates Ca2Ⳮ permeability as for GluR2. Additional editing sites on GluR5–7 have complex effects on the receptor-channel function (15,16). GluR5–7 are also widely repre ...
... GluR7 form functional KA receptors. GluR5 and GluR6 possess the Q/R editing site in their second transmembrane (M2) domain, which modulates Ca2Ⳮ permeability as for GluR2. Additional editing sites on GluR5–7 have complex effects on the receptor-channel function (15,16). GluR5–7 are also widely repre ...
Regulation of Neuroblast Cell-Cycle Kinetics Plays a Crucial Role in
... observed number of silver grains. Dobs and DNmax are the equivalent diameters of the observed nucleus and the nucleus presenting the maximal labeling intensity, respectively (Appleton et al., 1969; C lark et al., 1990). Figure 1 illustrates the important variations of the apparent diameter of nuclei ...
... observed number of silver grains. Dobs and DNmax are the equivalent diameters of the observed nucleus and the nucleus presenting the maximal labeling intensity, respectively (Appleton et al., 1969; C lark et al., 1990). Figure 1 illustrates the important variations of the apparent diameter of nuclei ...
Pre-synaptic Terminal Dynamics in the Hippocampus
... shown evidence for widespread experience-dependent plasticity in the adult brain (Gilbert, 1998). Some of the most detailed accounts of experience-dependent plasticity, including mechanistic studies, have been performed in the rodent barrel cortex. This is the location where tactile information from ...
... shown evidence for widespread experience-dependent plasticity in the adult brain (Gilbert, 1998). Some of the most detailed accounts of experience-dependent plasticity, including mechanistic studies, have been performed in the rodent barrel cortex. This is the location where tactile information from ...
Limitations of Neural Map Topography for Decoding Spatial
... necessary for decoding sensory stimuli is unknown. Here we examined this question by recording population activity at the cellular level from the larval zebrafish tectum in response to visual stimuli at three closely spaced locations in the visual field. Due to map imprecision, nearby stimulus locat ...
... necessary for decoding sensory stimuli is unknown. Here we examined this question by recording population activity at the cellular level from the larval zebrafish tectum in response to visual stimuli at three closely spaced locations in the visual field. Due to map imprecision, nearby stimulus locat ...
identification of cell types in brain slices of the inferior colliculus
... AbstractÐDifferent type neurons in the inferior colliculus may have different functions. Recent intracellular studies of the inferior colliculus suggest that intrinsic electrical properties contribute to discharge patterns, but the intrinsic discharge patterns have not been fully characterized in th ...
... AbstractÐDifferent type neurons in the inferior colliculus may have different functions. Recent intracellular studies of the inferior colliculus suggest that intrinsic electrical properties contribute to discharge patterns, but the intrinsic discharge patterns have not been fully characterized in th ...
descending projections from the trigeminal ganglion and
... as far as caudally to C3. Similarly, MTN maintains a spinal projection, which does not reach beyond C3 in the adult rat (43). Collaterals of this tract terminate in the supratrigeminal nucleus, the motor nucleus of trigeminal, facial and hypoglossal nerves, the solitary nucleus and the reticular for ...
... as far as caudally to C3. Similarly, MTN maintains a spinal projection, which does not reach beyond C3 in the adult rat (43). Collaterals of this tract terminate in the supratrigeminal nucleus, the motor nucleus of trigeminal, facial and hypoglossal nerves, the solitary nucleus and the reticular for ...
Figure and Ground in the Visual Cortex: V2 Combines Stereoscopic
... square was presented in the receptive field (ellipse) at four orientations, as illustrated schematically at the top, where hatching indicates the nearer surface (only one edge of the square is illustrated, because the results of the main experiments showed that the responses depended on the edge in ...
... square was presented in the receptive field (ellipse) at four orientations, as illustrated schematically at the top, where hatching indicates the nearer surface (only one edge of the square is illustrated, because the results of the main experiments showed that the responses depended on the edge in ...
Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... Romo 1988). Such episodes of firing are often associated with initiation, execution, or termination of particular movements on the part of the animal (Alexander 1987; Kimura 1990; Schultz and Romo 1988). These patterns of firing were also demonstrated in intracellular records made from neostriatal n ...
... Romo 1988). Such episodes of firing are often associated with initiation, execution, or termination of particular movements on the part of the animal (Alexander 1987; Kimura 1990; Schultz and Romo 1988). These patterns of firing were also demonstrated in intracellular records made from neostriatal n ...