1. Materials and Methods
... separate presentation of the two modalities (V or S, all p>0.05). Half the audiovisual mirror neurons fell in this category. Neuron 2 (Figure 2) illustrates this behaviour. For such neurons, any evidence for the action, be it auditory or visual, is sufficient to retrieve a full-blown representation ...
... separate presentation of the two modalities (V or S, all p>0.05). Half the audiovisual mirror neurons fell in this category. Neuron 2 (Figure 2) illustrates this behaviour. For such neurons, any evidence for the action, be it auditory or visual, is sufficient to retrieve a full-blown representation ...
Disruption of Target Interactions Prevents the Development of
... Enk expressionin normal sympathetic ganglia and obtain data for comparison with those of experimental studies in which target interactions were disrupted, we analyzed the expression of two peptides,methionine (M-) and leucine, (L-) Enk, which, ...
... Enk expressionin normal sympathetic ganglia and obtain data for comparison with those of experimental studies in which target interactions were disrupted, we analyzed the expression of two peptides,methionine (M-) and leucine, (L-) Enk, which, ...
Neuronal control of swimming in jellyfish: a
... 1988; Westfall 1996). Where the neurites of two neurons cross, or come in close contact, chemical synapses are found. These synapses are unique in that they are bidirectional; each terminal of the synapse can serve as the pre- or postsynaptic element (Anderson and Schwab 1981; Anderson 1985; Anderso ...
... 1988; Westfall 1996). Where the neurites of two neurons cross, or come in close contact, chemical synapses are found. These synapses are unique in that they are bidirectional; each terminal of the synapse can serve as the pre- or postsynaptic element (Anderson and Schwab 1981; Anderson 1985; Anderso ...
Lemniscal recurrent and transcortical influences on
... 2.2.1. Cuneolemniscal cells. One to three transynaptic spikes followed the antidromic action potentials induced by ML stimulation. These presumed recurrent excitations followed 50–200 Hz iterative stimulation indicating their probable monosynaptic nature, and were mostly seen in spontaneously bursti ...
... 2.2.1. Cuneolemniscal cells. One to three transynaptic spikes followed the antidromic action potentials induced by ML stimulation. These presumed recurrent excitations followed 50–200 Hz iterative stimulation indicating their probable monosynaptic nature, and were mostly seen in spontaneously bursti ...
Maruska & Tricas 2011
... torus semicircularis, we also quantified the density of GnRH-ir fibers in sagittal sections. Axon varicosities, or swellings, are thought to be release sites for GnRH peptide and therefore quantification of varicose axons should be a proxy indicator of the amount of peptide available for release (Oka a ...
... torus semicircularis, we also quantified the density of GnRH-ir fibers in sagittal sections. Axon varicosities, or swellings, are thought to be release sites for GnRH peptide and therefore quantification of varicose axons should be a proxy indicator of the amount of peptide available for release (Oka a ...
Opposite Functions of Histamine H1 and H2 Receptors and H3
... the recording electrode (Zhou and Hablitz 1996). After electrophysiological recordings, brain slices were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PB) at 4°C overnight. Without resectioning, slices were then processed for visualization of neurobiotin-filled neurons. Endogenous peroxid ...
... the recording electrode (Zhou and Hablitz 1996). After electrophysiological recordings, brain slices were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PB) at 4°C overnight. Without resectioning, slices were then processed for visualization of neurobiotin-filled neurons. Endogenous peroxid ...
Full text article
... Establishment of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal function is dependent on the highly controlled and dynamic interactions between regulatory signals from the brain, pituitary and gonads, all of them leading to the attainment of reproductive capacity, where a coordinated and timely activation of ...
... Establishment of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal function is dependent on the highly controlled and dynamic interactions between regulatory signals from the brain, pituitary and gonads, all of them leading to the attainment of reproductive capacity, where a coordinated and timely activation of ...
Glycine Immunoreactivity of Multipolar Neurons in the Ventral
... and Young, 1980; Young et al., 1988). These local circuits, however, do not account for all of the response properties of DCN neurons. For example, type II units of the DCN are relatively unresponsive to broadband stimuli even when the stimuli contain energy within the excitatory response area of th ...
... and Young, 1980; Young et al., 1988). These local circuits, however, do not account for all of the response properties of DCN neurons. For example, type II units of the DCN are relatively unresponsive to broadband stimuli even when the stimuli contain energy within the excitatory response area of th ...
Dorsal spinal cord stimulation obtunds the capacity of intrathoracic
... for 2 minutes after the allocated 5-minute periods of cardiac pacing (total 9 min). These data were compared to those obtained during 5-minutes of pacing alone. With respect to coronary artery occlusion (duration 30 secs), occlusions were performed throughout the final 30 seconds of SCS (i.e., the o ...
... for 2 minutes after the allocated 5-minute periods of cardiac pacing (total 9 min). These data were compared to those obtained during 5-minutes of pacing alone. With respect to coronary artery occlusion (duration 30 secs), occlusions were performed throughout the final 30 seconds of SCS (i.e., the o ...
Brain Stem Involvement in Immune and Aversive Challenge Jakob Paues
... immunohistochemistry against fos and CTb showed that very few noxiously activated PB neurons projected to the amygdala. Thus, the PBel-amygdala projection seems to be important in immune challenge but not in nociceptive signalling (paper III). Many PBel neurons express fos after intraperitoneal inje ...
... immunohistochemistry against fos and CTb showed that very few noxiously activated PB neurons projected to the amygdala. Thus, the PBel-amygdala projection seems to be important in immune challenge but not in nociceptive signalling (paper III). Many PBel neurons express fos after intraperitoneal inje ...
Crocodilian Forebrain: Evolution and Development
... lateral ventricle in both the transverse and sagittal plane and is termed the cortex. Similarly, the telencephalon of all amniote brains contains nonlaminated areas usually surrounded by borders of varying degrees of distinctiveness. These areas are commonly referred to as nuclei and are located int ...
... lateral ventricle in both the transverse and sagittal plane and is termed the cortex. Similarly, the telencephalon of all amniote brains contains nonlaminated areas usually surrounded by borders of varying degrees of distinctiveness. These areas are commonly referred to as nuclei and are located int ...
Ectopic expression of either the Drosophila
... central nervous system (CNS). In gap and pair-rule gene mutants, lost epidermal segments are associated with elimination of the corresponding segmental ganglia. While these segmentation defects were expected, a second role for gap and pair-rule genes in the specification of particular neurons was no ...
... central nervous system (CNS). In gap and pair-rule gene mutants, lost epidermal segments are associated with elimination of the corresponding segmental ganglia. While these segmentation defects were expected, a second role for gap and pair-rule genes in the specification of particular neurons was no ...
How microglia kill neurons
... 2014). And it is certainly important to test whether mechanisms found in vitro apply in vivo by blocking the candidate mechanism and determining whether this prevents the pathology and we review some such studies below. Microglia normally function to protect neurons by for example killing pathogens, ...
... 2014). And it is certainly important to test whether mechanisms found in vitro apply in vivo by blocking the candidate mechanism and determining whether this prevents the pathology and we review some such studies below. Microglia normally function to protect neurons by for example killing pathogens, ...
identification of central cholinergic neurons containing both choline
... (vertical and horizontal limbs), and zona incerta. In the caudate putamen and nucleus basalis magnocellularis of Meynert, all ChAT-positive neurons contained AChE and vice versa. In the medial septum and nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, all ChAT-positive neurons contained AChE, but these neuro ...
... (vertical and horizontal limbs), and zona incerta. In the caudate putamen and nucleus basalis magnocellularis of Meynert, all ChAT-positive neurons contained AChE and vice versa. In the medial septum and nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, all ChAT-positive neurons contained AChE, but these neuro ...
189084_189084 - espace@Curtin
... subregions of A10 (7.1-74.1%) with the only exception of PBP (95.6%). Some A8 neurons were unusual in that they were TH+ but not DAT+ (Fig. 2e, arrow). This suggests that some A8 neurons do not have the capacity to reuptake dopamine somatodendritically. In addition, there were some neurons in the RR ...
... subregions of A10 (7.1-74.1%) with the only exception of PBP (95.6%). Some A8 neurons were unusual in that they were TH+ but not DAT+ (Fig. 2e, arrow). This suggests that some A8 neurons do not have the capacity to reuptake dopamine somatodendritically. In addition, there were some neurons in the RR ...
Differential regulation of the central neural cardiorespiratory system
... The pot of gold at the end of this rainbow is a much better understanding of how the autonomic nervous system is regulated and consequently, the development of a deeper and more complete understanding of the pathophysiology of the underlying disorders of autonomic control, that range from hypertensi ...
... The pot of gold at the end of this rainbow is a much better understanding of how the autonomic nervous system is regulated and consequently, the development of a deeper and more complete understanding of the pathophysiology of the underlying disorders of autonomic control, that range from hypertensi ...
Brain stem excitatory and inhibitory signaling pathways regulating
... which can be modulated by alterations in activity of neutral endopeptidases (156). In addition, endogenous substance P facilitates synaptic transmission in airway parasympathetic ganglia (34, 154), similar to the effect observed with cyclooxygenase activation and the release of prostaglandins in ant ...
... which can be modulated by alterations in activity of neutral endopeptidases (156). In addition, endogenous substance P facilitates synaptic transmission in airway parasympathetic ganglia (34, 154), similar to the effect observed with cyclooxygenase activation and the release of prostaglandins in ant ...
Amo, Neuron, 2014
... LHb and the raphe has hampered the study of the significance of this LHb-raphe pathway specifically. In fact, the in vivo electrophysiological characterization of the neurons with precise subregional or hodological identifications has not been performed yet in the mammalian LHb. Zebrafish is amenabl ...
... LHb and the raphe has hampered the study of the significance of this LHb-raphe pathway specifically. In fact, the in vivo electrophysiological characterization of the neurons with precise subregional or hodological identifications has not been performed yet in the mammalian LHb. Zebrafish is amenabl ...
Vomeronasal Function - Oxford Academic
... vomeronasal input, and probably to involve dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin release from the pituitary. Implantation failure does not occur on exposure to the impregnating (stud) male because the female somehow recognizes and ignores chemical signals from the stud. A series of experiments sugges ...
... vomeronasal input, and probably to involve dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin release from the pituitary. Implantation failure does not occur on exposure to the impregnating (stud) male because the female somehow recognizes and ignores chemical signals from the stud. A series of experiments sugges ...
Comparison of the Distributions of lpsilaterally and Contralaterally
... hemispheres. Two strongly interconnected regions which have been the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) of Palmer et al. (1978). The existence of extensive interconnection ...
... hemispheres. Two strongly interconnected regions which have been the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) of Palmer et al. (1978). The existence of extensive interconnection ...
the distribution of the cells of origin of callosal projections in cat
... severed ends of the corpus callosum to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In 2 of those animals, we preceded the labeling of callosal neurons with an electrophysiological recording experiment in which we placed electrolytic lesions at the representations of selected visual field loci. The HRP labeling pr ...
... severed ends of the corpus callosum to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In 2 of those animals, we preceded the labeling of callosal neurons with an electrophysiological recording experiment in which we placed electrolytic lesions at the representations of selected visual field loci. The HRP labeling pr ...
A lineage-related reciprocal inhibition circuitry for sensory
... of the Globus Pallidus. Striatal MSN that express dopamine D1 receptors form the direct pathway, whereas MSNs expressing dopamine D2 receptors constitute the indirect pathway. Although initially thought to act antagonistically, functional imaging studies reveal simultaneous activity of both direct a ...
... of the Globus Pallidus. Striatal MSN that express dopamine D1 receptors form the direct pathway, whereas MSNs expressing dopamine D2 receptors constitute the indirect pathway. Although initially thought to act antagonistically, functional imaging studies reveal simultaneous activity of both direct a ...
Different roles for KIF17 and kinesin II in photoreceptor development
... ments of the cell (Insinna et al., 2008). Although these studies implicate both kinesin 2 family members in OS formation, direct comparison of their relative roles in photoreceptors is not possible because of the use of different strategies in different species. To directly compare the relative role ...
... ments of the cell (Insinna et al., 2008). Although these studies implicate both kinesin 2 family members in OS formation, direct comparison of their relative roles in photoreceptors is not possible because of the use of different strategies in different species. To directly compare the relative role ...
Full-Text PDF
... The role of presynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors at glutamatergic synapses has only recently been appreciated. Presynaptic NMDA receptors were first identified in cortical presynaptic terminals by electron microscopy by Aoki and colleagues in 1994 [73], while the first physiological evidence f ...
... The role of presynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors at glutamatergic synapses has only recently been appreciated. Presynaptic NMDA receptors were first identified in cortical presynaptic terminals by electron microscopy by Aoki and colleagues in 1994 [73], while the first physiological evidence f ...
Rules relating connections to cortical structure in primate prefrontal cortex H. Barbas
... Within the conceptual framework of the structural model, feedforward projections in sensory areas always originate in areas with higher laminar de4nition in comparison with the site of termination, while the opposite is true for projections proceeding in the reverse direction. We recently tested the ...
... Within the conceptual framework of the structural model, feedforward projections in sensory areas always originate in areas with higher laminar de4nition in comparison with the site of termination, while the opposite is true for projections proceeding in the reverse direction. We recently tested the ...