Autonomic Nervous System
... • Neurons have one behavior property in common with muscles: Irritability – the ability to respond to a stimulus. • However, neurons have an aspect of irritability that muscles DO NOT have: converting stimuli into nerve impulses. • Nerve impulse = a tiny electrical charge that transmits information ...
... • Neurons have one behavior property in common with muscles: Irritability – the ability to respond to a stimulus. • However, neurons have an aspect of irritability that muscles DO NOT have: converting stimuli into nerve impulses. • Nerve impulse = a tiny electrical charge that transmits information ...
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... ‘bud off’ a series of smaller ganglion mother cells (GMCs) from its dorsal surface; each GMC then divides equally to produce two postmitotic neurons or glia (Goodman and Doe, 1993). Each neuroblast produces an essentially invariant lineage (Udolph et al., 1993), and some aspects of their lineage occ ...
... ‘bud off’ a series of smaller ganglion mother cells (GMCs) from its dorsal surface; each GMC then divides equally to produce two postmitotic neurons or glia (Goodman and Doe, 1993). Each neuroblast produces an essentially invariant lineage (Udolph et al., 1993), and some aspects of their lineage occ ...
Effects of the Abused Inhalant Toluene on the
... of firing [15]. Within the VTA, these classic DA neurons occupy a more lateral position and project to the lateral shell of the nucleus accumbens. VTA DA neurons that project to the core or more medial aspects of the NAc and those that project to the PFC show smaller amplitude AHPs, less regular fir ...
... of firing [15]. Within the VTA, these classic DA neurons occupy a more lateral position and project to the lateral shell of the nucleus accumbens. VTA DA neurons that project to the core or more medial aspects of the NAc and those that project to the PFC show smaller amplitude AHPs, less regular fir ...
Hypothalamus
... as well as in basal forebrain neurons with diffuse cortical projections. Similarly, this manipulation reduces motor activity, metabolic function and respiratory rate, suggesting that the compensatory responses to thermal stress may be expressed through the same circuitry involved in the initiation of ...
... as well as in basal forebrain neurons with diffuse cortical projections. Similarly, this manipulation reduces motor activity, metabolic function and respiratory rate, suggesting that the compensatory responses to thermal stress may be expressed through the same circuitry involved in the initiation of ...
Anatomical organization of the central olfactory
... The puzzling transduction process, whereby the odorant signal transforms into an electric signal is one of the issues separating vertebrates and insects. In vertebrates, the chemosensory receptors belong to the G-protein-coupled family that generates action potentials via intracellular events (Buck ...
... The puzzling transduction process, whereby the odorant signal transforms into an electric signal is one of the issues separating vertebrates and insects. In vertebrates, the chemosensory receptors belong to the G-protein-coupled family that generates action potentials via intracellular events (Buck ...
Mechanisms of axon degeneration: From development to disease
... Recent mechanistic studies of axon degeneration have highlighted how this is an active process of controlled axon self-destruction similar in many ways to the active selfdestruction of cells during apoptosis (Coleman, 2005; Low and Cheng, 2005; Luo and O’Leary, 2005; Raff et al., 2002). Although the ...
... Recent mechanistic studies of axon degeneration have highlighted how this is an active process of controlled axon self-destruction similar in many ways to the active selfdestruction of cells during apoptosis (Coleman, 2005; Low and Cheng, 2005; Luo and O’Leary, 2005; Raff et al., 2002). Although the ...
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... Rationale: Astrocytes form scar tissue in brain that acts to impede the regrowth of nerve cells. 2.1-37. Myelination of brain nerve axon membranes is accomplished by a. oligodendrocytes. b. microglia. c. astrocytes. d. neurocytes. e. Schwann cells. Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 2.1-37 Page Ref: 37 Topi ...
... Rationale: Astrocytes form scar tissue in brain that acts to impede the regrowth of nerve cells. 2.1-37. Myelination of brain nerve axon membranes is accomplished by a. oligodendrocytes. b. microglia. c. astrocytes. d. neurocytes. e. Schwann cells. Difficulty: 1 Question ID: 2.1-37 Page Ref: 37 Topi ...
Slide 1
... pontine nuclei are shown as blue circles. It should be noted that the actual synaptic signs of many of the aminergic and reticular pathways remain to be demonstrated, and, in many cases, the neuronal architecture is known to be far more complex than indicated here (e.g., the thalamus and cortex). Du ...
... pontine nuclei are shown as blue circles. It should be noted that the actual synaptic signs of many of the aminergic and reticular pathways remain to be demonstrated, and, in many cases, the neuronal architecture is known to be far more complex than indicated here (e.g., the thalamus and cortex). Du ...
hypothalamus, pit..
... The hypothalamus is a small area, weighing about 4 g of the total 1,400 g of adult brain weight, but it is the only 4 g of brain without which life itself is impossible. The hypothalamus is so critical for life because it contains the integrative circuitry that coordinates autonomic, endocrine, and ...
... The hypothalamus is a small area, weighing about 4 g of the total 1,400 g of adult brain weight, but it is the only 4 g of brain without which life itself is impossible. The hypothalamus is so critical for life because it contains the integrative circuitry that coordinates autonomic, endocrine, and ...
Amyloid Precursor Protein in Cortical Neurons: Coexistence of Two
... it has been suggestedthat APP may function as a G-proteincoupled receptor (Nishimoto et al., 1993).In addition, amyloid precursor protein expression increasesduring neuronal differentiation (Hung et al., 1992). To begin to understand the biological function of APP, we studied the localization of the ...
... it has been suggestedthat APP may function as a G-proteincoupled receptor (Nishimoto et al., 1993).In addition, amyloid precursor protein expression increasesduring neuronal differentiation (Hung et al., 1992). To begin to understand the biological function of APP, we studied the localization of the ...
Dopamine – CNS Pathways and Neurophysiology
... based solely on their electrophysiological characteristics. As such, one of the most distinct features of DA neurons is the broad extracellular spike waveform they produce (Figure 1). Such waveforms are biphasic (þ/"), with an inflection in the rising phase (representative of the initial segment spi ...
... based solely on their electrophysiological characteristics. As such, one of the most distinct features of DA neurons is the broad extracellular spike waveform they produce (Figure 1). Such waveforms are biphasic (þ/"), with an inflection in the rising phase (representative of the initial segment spi ...
Cellular and network mechanisms of electrographic
... crucial role in seizure dynamics. The complexity of the interaction dynamics between neuronal networks and ion concentrations during epileptiform activity requires a combined approach of experimental work and computational models. Here, we discuss recent modeling results regarding mechanisms of epil ...
... crucial role in seizure dynamics. The complexity of the interaction dynamics between neuronal networks and ion concentrations during epileptiform activity requires a combined approach of experimental work and computational models. Here, we discuss recent modeling results regarding mechanisms of epil ...
Full version (PDF file)
... In the present study, both V-DPSP and D-DPSP were mainly mediated by AMPA/KA receptors (Fig. 2) and showed similar electrophysiological characteristics. These data were in agreement with previous reports (O'Donnell and Grace 1993, Pennartz et al. 1991, Pennartz and Lopes da Silva 1994, Uchimura et a ...
... In the present study, both V-DPSP and D-DPSP were mainly mediated by AMPA/KA receptors (Fig. 2) and showed similar electrophysiological characteristics. These data were in agreement with previous reports (O'Donnell and Grace 1993, Pennartz et al. 1991, Pennartz and Lopes da Silva 1994, Uchimura et a ...
Tsutsui (2004) Neural mechanisms of three
... images for both eyes. This clearly demonstrates the principles of stereoscopic vision that binocular disparity alone can elicit a strong 3D perception and that binocular disparity can be detected independently of 2D contour detection. The invention of the RDS had a strong impact on researchers at th ...
... images for both eyes. This clearly demonstrates the principles of stereoscopic vision that binocular disparity alone can elicit a strong 3D perception and that binocular disparity can be detected independently of 2D contour detection. The invention of the RDS had a strong impact on researchers at th ...
Encoding Information in Neuronal Activity
... Neurons communicate by producing sequencesof fixed size electrical impulses called action potentials or spikes. Perceptions, decisions, and ideas are all encoded into trains of action potentials , but the basis of this coding schemeis still not well understood . Deciphering this code is one of the p ...
... Neurons communicate by producing sequencesof fixed size electrical impulses called action potentials or spikes. Perceptions, decisions, and ideas are all encoded into trains of action potentials , but the basis of this coding schemeis still not well understood . Deciphering this code is one of the p ...
Oriented Axon Projections in Primary Visual Cortex of the Monkey
... that descended into the cortex to their profiles in the processed tissue [for details, see Yoshioka et al. (1996)]. Micropipette recording and receptive field mapping. Before making any micropipette recordings, we replaced the BSS under the chamber window with 2% agar in BSS to retain stability duri ...
... that descended into the cortex to their profiles in the processed tissue [for details, see Yoshioka et al. (1996)]. Micropipette recording and receptive field mapping. Before making any micropipette recordings, we replaced the BSS under the chamber window with 2% agar in BSS to retain stability duri ...
Webb et al 2002 - User Web Areas at the University of York
... trial to trial, and was presented alone, or surrounded by a grating of the same or orthogonal orientation, contained within either a larger annular field, or flanks oriented either horizontally or vertically. V1 was ablated to inactivate cortico-geniculate feedback. The maximum firing rate of LGN ne ...
... trial to trial, and was presented alone, or surrounded by a grating of the same or orthogonal orientation, contained within either a larger annular field, or flanks oriented either horizontally or vertically. V1 was ablated to inactivate cortico-geniculate feedback. The maximum firing rate of LGN ne ...
Nucleus Gracilis: An Integrator for Visceral and Somatic Information
... The results obtained indicate that lesions of the NG reduce the responses of VPL cells to CRD and also to innocuous mechanical cutaneous stimuli. The NG lesions did not have a significant effect on the responses to noxious mechanical cutaneous stimuli. The findings imply that the NG is involved in m ...
... The results obtained indicate that lesions of the NG reduce the responses of VPL cells to CRD and also to innocuous mechanical cutaneous stimuli. The NG lesions did not have a significant effect on the responses to noxious mechanical cutaneous stimuli. The findings imply that the NG is involved in m ...
The effect of spinal cord injury on the neurochemical properties of
... projections that supply most visceral organs, including the bladder. Due to its non-spinal ...
... projections that supply most visceral organs, including the bladder. Due to its non-spinal ...
- TestbankU
... Rationale: Astrocyes are the key supply source of rapid energy for neurons. 2.1-34. A drug that specifically killed the _______ cells would be expected to alter the physical and nutritional support of brain cells. a. phagocyte b. Schwann c. microglia d. astrocyte e. microtubule Difficulty: 1 Questi ...
... Rationale: Astrocyes are the key supply source of rapid energy for neurons. 2.1-34. A drug that specifically killed the _______ cells would be expected to alter the physical and nutritional support of brain cells. a. phagocyte b. Schwann c. microglia d. astrocyte e. microtubule Difficulty: 1 Questi ...
Induction of NADPH diaphoraselnitric oxide synthase in the spinal
... of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the enzyme responsible for NO synthesis. A one-to-one correlation between NADPH-d positive neurons and NOS immunoreactive neurons has been reported in different areas i n the central nervous system (Bredt et al., 1991; Dawson et al., 1991). Therefore, the localization ...
... of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the enzyme responsible for NO synthesis. A one-to-one correlation between NADPH-d positive neurons and NOS immunoreactive neurons has been reported in different areas i n the central nervous system (Bredt et al., 1991; Dawson et al., 1991). Therefore, the localization ...
Reticular activating system of a central pattern generator
... Change point of neuronal onset and offset Off-line data analysis was performed using a sliding window procedure, similar to the procedure used by Apicella et al. (1992). In this analysis, we obtained the change point of neural activity for each single neuron, using the nonparametric one-tailed Wilco ...
... Change point of neuronal onset and offset Off-line data analysis was performed using a sliding window procedure, similar to the procedure used by Apicella et al. (1992). In this analysis, we obtained the change point of neural activity for each single neuron, using the nonparametric one-tailed Wilco ...
Neuronal Competition and Selection During Memory Formation
... Competition between neurons is necessary for refining neural circuits during development and may be important for selecting the neurons that participate in encoding memories in the adult brain. To examine neuronal competition during memory formation, we conducted experiments with mice in which we ma ...
... Competition between neurons is necessary for refining neural circuits during development and may be important for selecting the neurons that participate in encoding memories in the adult brain. To examine neuronal competition during memory formation, we conducted experiments with mice in which we ma ...