Photoreception
... synaptic transmission allows nerve signals to be exchanged between cells which are electrically isolated from each other. The chemical messenger, or neurotransmitter, provides a way to send the signal across the extracellular space, from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic cell. The space is ...
... synaptic transmission allows nerve signals to be exchanged between cells which are electrically isolated from each other. The chemical messenger, or neurotransmitter, provides a way to send the signal across the extracellular space, from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic cell. The space is ...
Short English summery Thesis OuTline
... CA macrophages towards conditioned medium from different CNS cell types, motility and adhesion. CA macrophages were attracted towards astrocytes. AA macrophages were attracted towards neurons. CA macrophages were less motile and adhered more compared to AA macrophages. Next, we addressed the questio ...
... CA macrophages towards conditioned medium from different CNS cell types, motility and adhesion. CA macrophages were attracted towards astrocytes. AA macrophages were attracted towards neurons. CA macrophages were less motile and adhered more compared to AA macrophages. Next, we addressed the questio ...
Production and Survival of Projection Neurons in a Forebrain Vocal
... Data collection for birds injected with fluorescent beads was similar to that for fluorogold-injected birds. Twelve sections through HVC were completely scanned for 3H-labeled neurons. The number of such cells that were also retrogradely labeled with beads was divided by the volume sampled to genera ...
... Data collection for birds injected with fluorescent beads was similar to that for fluorogold-injected birds. Twelve sections through HVC were completely scanned for 3H-labeled neurons. The number of such cells that were also retrogradely labeled with beads was divided by the volume sampled to genera ...
The Pathology of Multiple Sclerosis and Its Variants
... occur concurrently with plaque formation and consists of patchy demyelination in one or a few fibers with minimal inflammation. This is best seen in the spinal cord. Recent reports by Lucchinetti et al. (1) and Lassman et al. (21) have dramatically altered our view of the pathology of MS. They descr ...
... occur concurrently with plaque formation and consists of patchy demyelination in one or a few fibers with minimal inflammation. This is best seen in the spinal cord. Recent reports by Lucchinetti et al. (1) and Lassman et al. (21) have dramatically altered our view of the pathology of MS. They descr ...
Central Topography of Cranial Motor Nuclei Controlled by
... features of vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) organization [1]. Nuclei are clusters of soma of functionally related neurons and are located in highly stereotyped positions. Establishment of this CNS topography is critical to neural circuit assembly. However, little is known of either the cellu ...
... features of vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) organization [1]. Nuclei are clusters of soma of functionally related neurons and are located in highly stereotyped positions. Establishment of this CNS topography is critical to neural circuit assembly. However, little is known of either the cellu ...
Glia–Neuron Interactions in Nervous System Function
... connections between glia and neurons, it is somewhat surprising that a hundred years after Cajal’s writings, we still lack clear‐cut evidence to distinguish among the possibilities described above. Indeed, given our current state of understanding, it is still very possible that glia perform both neu ...
... connections between glia and neurons, it is somewhat surprising that a hundred years after Cajal’s writings, we still lack clear‐cut evidence to distinguish among the possibilities described above. Indeed, given our current state of understanding, it is still very possible that glia perform both neu ...
Patterns of neuronal migration in the embryonic cortex
... distinguished translocating cells from locomoting cells [56]. However, other real-time imaging experiments performed in the E14 mouse have provided contradictory results reporting that the majority of neurons migrate either through translocation [62] or through non-translocation modes [41]. These co ...
... distinguished translocating cells from locomoting cells [56]. However, other real-time imaging experiments performed in the E14 mouse have provided contradictory results reporting that the majority of neurons migrate either through translocation [62] or through non-translocation modes [41]. These co ...
Neurons of the Central Complex of the Locust Schistocerca gregaria
... cutoff wavelength, 724 nm). Light stimuli were delivered to different parts of the visual field through flexible light guides: (1) to the frontal binocular field of view (visual angle, 14°; irradiance, 3.6 mW/cm 2); (2) to the lateral field of view (right or left eye; visual angle, 3°; irradiance, 9 ...
... cutoff wavelength, 724 nm). Light stimuli were delivered to different parts of the visual field through flexible light guides: (1) to the frontal binocular field of view (visual angle, 14°; irradiance, 3.6 mW/cm 2); (2) to the lateral field of view (right or left eye; visual angle, 3°; irradiance, 9 ...
Extended PDF
... divide symmetrically to amplify the progenitor pool. During the neurogenic phase, RGPs are believed to divide asymmetrically to produce neurons either directly or indirectly through transient amplifying progenitors, such as intermediate progenitors (IPs) (Florio and Huttner, 2014). Consecutive waves ...
... divide symmetrically to amplify the progenitor pool. During the neurogenic phase, RGPs are believed to divide asymmetrically to produce neurons either directly or indirectly through transient amplifying progenitors, such as intermediate progenitors (IPs) (Florio and Huttner, 2014). Consecutive waves ...
interaction: the nervous and endocrine systems
... The peripheral nervous system connects all of the receptors and effectors in the body to the nerve centre. The peripheral nervous system is divided into: • The soma(c nervous system, which connects the sensory receptors of the sensory organs to the central nervous system and this to the skeletal ...
... The peripheral nervous system connects all of the receptors and effectors in the body to the nerve centre. The peripheral nervous system is divided into: • The soma(c nervous system, which connects the sensory receptors of the sensory organs to the central nervous system and this to the skeletal ...
Mechanism of Irregular Firing of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons
... clamping (Vh ⫽ ⫺75 mV) did not reveal oscillations of membrane current that could be responsible for the shifts of membrane potential (n ⫽ 5 neurons). Because the membrane current did not oscillate in voltage clamp (not shown), in spite of strong oscillations of membrane potential in current clamp, ...
... clamping (Vh ⫽ ⫺75 mV) did not reveal oscillations of membrane current that could be responsible for the shifts of membrane potential (n ⫽ 5 neurons). Because the membrane current did not oscillate in voltage clamp (not shown), in spite of strong oscillations of membrane potential in current clamp, ...
Ramayya, A. G., Zaghloul, K. A., Weidemann, C. T., Baltuch, G. H.
... neuronal populations—dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the pars compacta subregion and GABA-ergic neurons in the pars reticulata subregion. However, a functional dissociation between these neuronal populations has not previously been demonstrated in the awake human. Here we obtained microelectrode record ...
... neuronal populations—dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the pars compacta subregion and GABA-ergic neurons in the pars reticulata subregion. However, a functional dissociation between these neuronal populations has not previously been demonstrated in the awake human. Here we obtained microelectrode record ...
The Loss of Glutamate-GABA Harmony in Anxiety Disorders
... benzodiazepine binding site on the GABAA receptor, thus enhancing the affinity of the natural agonist to the receptor, known as benzodiazepines (Sternbach et al., 1974). The number of representatives of the group reaches nearly 80, and diazepam is probably the best known not only as an anxiolytic, b ...
... benzodiazepine binding site on the GABAA receptor, thus enhancing the affinity of the natural agonist to the receptor, known as benzodiazepines (Sternbach et al., 1974). The number of representatives of the group reaches nearly 80, and diazepam is probably the best known not only as an anxiolytic, b ...
Sample
... e. mitochondria; formation of vesicles Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 2.1-20 Page Ref: 34 Topic: Neurons Skill: Factual Answer: a. mitochondria; extraction of energy Rationale: Mitochondria within the neuron soma are involved in the extraction of energy for the cell. 2.1-21. Match the correct function w ...
... e. mitochondria; formation of vesicles Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 2.1-20 Page Ref: 34 Topic: Neurons Skill: Factual Answer: a. mitochondria; extraction of energy Rationale: Mitochondria within the neuron soma are involved in the extraction of energy for the cell. 2.1-21. Match the correct function w ...
button - TestbankEbook
... e. mitochondria; formation of vesicles Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 2.1-20 Page Ref: 34 Topic: Neurons Skill: Factual Answer: a. mitochondria; extraction of energy Rationale: Mitochondria within the neuron soma are involved in the extraction of energy for the cell. 2.1-21. Match the correct function w ...
... e. mitochondria; formation of vesicles Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 2.1-20 Page Ref: 34 Topic: Neurons Skill: Factual Answer: a. mitochondria; extraction of energy Rationale: Mitochondria within the neuron soma are involved in the extraction of energy for the cell. 2.1-21. Match the correct function w ...
Cortical projections to the nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal
... The nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system (NOT-DTN) along with the dorsolateral pontine nucleus (DLPN) have been shown to play a role in controlling slow eye movements and in maintaining stable vision during head movements. Both nuclei are known to rece ...
... The nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system (NOT-DTN) along with the dorsolateral pontine nucleus (DLPN) have been shown to play a role in controlling slow eye movements and in maintaining stable vision during head movements. Both nuclei are known to rece ...
Cooperation and biased competition model can explain attentional
... Consequently, the simulated dynamical processes, that putatively underly cognitive processes, can be quantitatively contrasted with experimental data. For this reason, it is convenient to include a thorough description of the different latencies of the synaptic activity. We depart from a biologicall ...
... Consequently, the simulated dynamical processes, that putatively underly cognitive processes, can be quantitatively contrasted with experimental data. For this reason, it is convenient to include a thorough description of the different latencies of the synaptic activity. We depart from a biologicall ...
Acidic and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factors in the Nervous System
... Acidic and basic FGF appear to be the most abundant mitogenic factors extracted from adult brain (Thomas, 1987) but the specificfunction in vivo and the preciserelative distribution of these2 membersof the FGF-family in adult nervous tissue are presently not well understood. Both aFGF and bFGF, for ...
... Acidic and basic FGF appear to be the most abundant mitogenic factors extracted from adult brain (Thomas, 1987) but the specificfunction in vivo and the preciserelative distribution of these2 membersof the FGF-family in adult nervous tissue are presently not well understood. Both aFGF and bFGF, for ...
The Optic Tectum in Fishes
... selective for complex shapes, perhaps the body markings of conspecifics. While most tectal cell receptive fields are centered appropriately with respect to the retinotectal map, a high proportion (22% in yellow perch) are displaced 45 degrees or more, showing that tectal neurons can perform a large- ...
... selective for complex shapes, perhaps the body markings of conspecifics. While most tectal cell receptive fields are centered appropriately with respect to the retinotectal map, a high proportion (22% in yellow perch) are displaced 45 degrees or more, showing that tectal neurons can perform a large- ...
Schwann cells
... cells wrap around it. If the axon reestablishes its normal synaptic contacts, normal function may be regained. However, if it stops growing or wanders off in some new direction, normal function will not return. ...
... cells wrap around it. If the axon reestablishes its normal synaptic contacts, normal function may be regained. However, if it stops growing or wanders off in some new direction, normal function will not return. ...
Anterior Cingulate Conflict Monitoring and Adjustments in Control
... the subsequent trial, as predicted by the conflict hypothesis. Finally, we examined a closely related set of predictions of the conflict hypothesis, that ACC error-related activity should also be followed by an increase in PFC activity and corresponding adjustments in performance (18, 19). According ...
... the subsequent trial, as predicted by the conflict hypothesis. Finally, we examined a closely related set of predictions of the conflict hypothesis, that ACC error-related activity should also be followed by an increase in PFC activity and corresponding adjustments in performance (18, 19). According ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mediates Activity
... confocal microscope, using the 488 nm argon laser line and a 505–550 nm bandpass emission filter. Image stacks (typically 10 –20 optical sections per stack) were collected at 1.5–2.5 m z-axis steps through the full extent of the dendritic tree and saved for off-line tracing and analysis. Images wer ...
... confocal microscope, using the 488 nm argon laser line and a 505–550 nm bandpass emission filter. Image stacks (typically 10 –20 optical sections per stack) were collected at 1.5–2.5 m z-axis steps through the full extent of the dendritic tree and saved for off-line tracing and analysis. Images wer ...
The thesis
... 1984). In addition astrocytes play key role in the maintance of the optimal pH of CNS via converting carbon dioxide to water and proton (Hertz et al., 1988). Astrocytic' endfeet take part of the blood brain barrier (Vise et al., 1975). The deletion of functional GFAP gene gives rise to abnormal bloo ...
... 1984). In addition astrocytes play key role in the maintance of the optimal pH of CNS via converting carbon dioxide to water and proton (Hertz et al., 1988). Astrocytic' endfeet take part of the blood brain barrier (Vise et al., 1975). The deletion of functional GFAP gene gives rise to abnormal bloo ...
Dopamine
... DA NEURON ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Both in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that DA-containing neurons in the midbrain exhibit spontaneous spike firing that is driven by an endogenous pacemaker conductance (1–3), with their activity modulated by afferent inputs. One of the prominent regulat ...
... DA NEURON ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Both in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that DA-containing neurons in the midbrain exhibit spontaneous spike firing that is driven by an endogenous pacemaker conductance (1–3), with their activity modulated by afferent inputs. One of the prominent regulat ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Placement and Functional
... Abstract Synaptic transmission between neurons is the basic unit of communication in neural circuits. The relative number and distribution of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs across individual dendrites and neurons are the hardware of local dendritic and cellular computations. In this chapt ...
... Abstract Synaptic transmission between neurons is the basic unit of communication in neural circuits. The relative number and distribution of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs across individual dendrites and neurons are the hardware of local dendritic and cellular computations. In this chapt ...