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Expression of NADPH-d in the vagal nuclei of the
... and interstitial NTS subnuclei and the compact formation of NA are active during deglutitive activity, whereas commissural and dorsomedial NTS subnuclei and the caudal DMV are active during LES relaxation (4). The commissural and dorsomedial NTS subnuclei and caudal DMV are active in controlling the ...
... and interstitial NTS subnuclei and the compact formation of NA are active during deglutitive activity, whereas commissural and dorsomedial NTS subnuclei and the caudal DMV are active during LES relaxation (4). The commissural and dorsomedial NTS subnuclei and caudal DMV are active in controlling the ...
Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... Romo 1988). Such episodes of firing are often associated with initiation, execution, or termination of particular movements on the part of the animal (Alexander 1987; Kimura 1990; Schultz and Romo 1988). These patterns of firing were also demonstrated in intracellular records made from neostriatal n ...
... Romo 1988). Such episodes of firing are often associated with initiation, execution, or termination of particular movements on the part of the animal (Alexander 1987; Kimura 1990; Schultz and Romo 1988). These patterns of firing were also demonstrated in intracellular records made from neostriatal n ...
Joseph and Heberlein 1 Tissue-specific Activation of a
... may result from activation of distinct Gr66a-expressing neurons. Using tissue-specific rescue experiments, we found that Gr66a-expressing neurons on the legs mediate positional aversion. In contrast, pharyngeal taste-cells mediate the egg-laying attraction to lobeline, as determined by analysis of m ...
... may result from activation of distinct Gr66a-expressing neurons. Using tissue-specific rescue experiments, we found that Gr66a-expressing neurons on the legs mediate positional aversion. In contrast, pharyngeal taste-cells mediate the egg-laying attraction to lobeline, as determined by analysis of m ...
An Introduction to the ANS and Higher
... • Controls during resting conditions • “Rest and digest” ...
... • Controls during resting conditions • “Rest and digest” ...
Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... Romo 1988). Such episodes of firing are often associated with initiation, execution, or termination of particular movements on the part of the animal (Alexander 1987; Kimura 1990; Schultz and Romo 1988). These patterns of firing were also demonstrated in intracellular records made from neostriatal n ...
... Romo 1988). Such episodes of firing are often associated with initiation, execution, or termination of particular movements on the part of the animal (Alexander 1987; Kimura 1990; Schultz and Romo 1988). These patterns of firing were also demonstrated in intracellular records made from neostriatal n ...
Dorsal spinal cord stimulation obtunds the capacity of intrathoracic
... Neuronal activity. Spontaneously active neurons identified in one locus of each middle cervical ganglion were analyzed by means of their unique action potential waveform configurations (employing Spike-2 program). Only those that were activated by gently mechanical stimuli applied to circumscribed e ...
... Neuronal activity. Spontaneously active neurons identified in one locus of each middle cervical ganglion were analyzed by means of their unique action potential waveform configurations (employing Spike-2 program). Only those that were activated by gently mechanical stimuli applied to circumscribed e ...
Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to
... Axons from area 10 targeted CB and PV inhibitory neurons, whereas axons from area 32 targeted PV inhibitory neurons. The preferential association of the 2 prefrontal pathways with distinct classes of inhibitory neurons at their origin and termination may reflect the specialization of area 10 in work ...
... Axons from area 10 targeted CB and PV inhibitory neurons, whereas axons from area 32 targeted PV inhibitory neurons. The preferential association of the 2 prefrontal pathways with distinct classes of inhibitory neurons at their origin and termination may reflect the specialization of area 10 in work ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... Subjects. The subjects were three adult monkeys (Macaca fuscata; 6.0 –9.0 kg). Head bolts and a chamber for microelectrode recording were attached to the skull under aseptic conditions and general anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (25 mg per kilogram of body weight per hour, i.v.). By referring t ...
... Subjects. The subjects were three adult monkeys (Macaca fuscata; 6.0 –9.0 kg). Head bolts and a chamber for microelectrode recording were attached to the skull under aseptic conditions and general anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (25 mg per kilogram of body weight per hour, i.v.). By referring t ...
A Split-LexA-based Concatenate Expression System for
... transcription of a downstream transgene through its activation domain (AD). In the LexA::VP16/LexAop system, a promoter/enhancer (P) drives the expression of the E. coli transcriptional repressor LexA fused to the VP16 transactivation domain. LexA::VP16 then binds to the LexA operator sequence (LexA ...
... transcription of a downstream transgene through its activation domain (AD). In the LexA::VP16/LexAop system, a promoter/enhancer (P) drives the expression of the E. coli transcriptional repressor LexA fused to the VP16 transactivation domain. LexA::VP16 then binds to the LexA operator sequence (LexA ...
Mechanical Response Properties of A and C Primary Afferent
... of meningeal sensory fibers (Wolff 1963). Migraine headache, although not accompanied by any detectable pathology, shares certain clinical features with headaches of intracranial origin, and has also been postulated to result from activation of the meningeal sensory innervation (reviewed in Strassma ...
... of meningeal sensory fibers (Wolff 1963). Migraine headache, although not accompanied by any detectable pathology, shares certain clinical features with headaches of intracranial origin, and has also been postulated to result from activation of the meningeal sensory innervation (reviewed in Strassma ...
Spike-Timing Theory of Working Memory
... and deactivates with time constant of 250 ms. (D) Persistent pre-thenpost train of action potentials flips the dendritic compartment into upstate. While in the up-state, each pre-synaptic spike results in a largeamplitude dendritic excitatory postsynaptic potential (black trace V (dendritic)), often ...
... and deactivates with time constant of 250 ms. (D) Persistent pre-thenpost train of action potentials flips the dendritic compartment into upstate. While in the up-state, each pre-synaptic spike results in a largeamplitude dendritic excitatory postsynaptic potential (black trace V (dendritic)), often ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... primarily focused in three areas: (1) Effect of reverberation on the directional sensitivity and coding of amplitude envelope in inferior colliculus (IC) neurons; (2) Neural coding of the pitch of harmonic complex tones in the auditory nerve (AN) and cochlear nucleus (CN); (3) Adaptive mechanisms fo ...
... primarily focused in three areas: (1) Effect of reverberation on the directional sensitivity and coding of amplitude envelope in inferior colliculus (IC) neurons; (2) Neural coding of the pitch of harmonic complex tones in the auditory nerve (AN) and cochlear nucleus (CN); (3) Adaptive mechanisms fo ...
On the Role of the Pontine Brainstem in Vocal Pattern Generation: A
... electronic circuitry and telemetry setup, see Grohrock et al. (1997)]. One of the two transmitters mounted on the platform had two channels. The first channel was used to record the neuronal activity, and the second transmitted the signal of a piezo-ceramic skull vibration sensor. This sensor picked ...
... electronic circuitry and telemetry setup, see Grohrock et al. (1997)]. One of the two transmitters mounted on the platform had two channels. The first channel was used to record the neuronal activity, and the second transmitted the signal of a piezo-ceramic skull vibration sensor. This sensor picked ...
PDF+Links
... brain. However, there is in fact no substantial evidence that neuronal loss appears on a large scale as a universal effect throughout the whole brain. It is estimated that, in the cortex, very few neurons become lost with age (Cragg 1975; Pakkenberg & Gundensen, 1997; Peters et al., 1998), and that ...
... brain. However, there is in fact no substantial evidence that neuronal loss appears on a large scale as a universal effect throughout the whole brain. It is estimated that, in the cortex, very few neurons become lost with age (Cragg 1975; Pakkenberg & Gundensen, 1997; Peters et al., 1998), and that ...
12-4 Membrane Potential
... 2. Autonomic (visceral) nervous system (ANS) • Visceral motor neurons innervate all other peripheral effectors • Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose tissue ...
... 2. Autonomic (visceral) nervous system (ANS) • Visceral motor neurons innervate all other peripheral effectors • Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose tissue ...
Neuron/Glia Relationships Observed Over Intervals
... (Purves et al., 1987), we also noted that vesicle-filled preganglionic nerve terminals appeared to be more prevalent in the vicinity of the glial nuclei than in regions removed from this site. The preganglionic nerve terminals tended to establish synaptic contacts in a complex of short finger-like e ...
... (Purves et al., 1987), we also noted that vesicle-filled preganglionic nerve terminals appeared to be more prevalent in the vicinity of the glial nuclei than in regions removed from this site. The preganglionic nerve terminals tended to establish synaptic contacts in a complex of short finger-like e ...
Vestibular Signals of Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons during
... sensory and motor cortices and thus could be involved in the formation of motor plans as well as abstract representations of space. We have recorded from neurons in the intraparietal sulcus, namely, the ventral and medial intraparietal areas (VIP and MIP, respectively), and analyzed their head-movem ...
... sensory and motor cortices and thus could be involved in the formation of motor plans as well as abstract representations of space. We have recorded from neurons in the intraparietal sulcus, namely, the ventral and medial intraparietal areas (VIP and MIP, respectively), and analyzed their head-movem ...
Direction of action is represented in the ventral premotor cortex
... location of a target, specified in an external coordinate frame, into a set of muscle activation patterns, specified in an intrinsic coordinate frame. Insight into the sensorimotor transformations involved in this process1,2 and how these transformations are implemented in the central nervous system ...
... location of a target, specified in an external coordinate frame, into a set of muscle activation patterns, specified in an intrinsic coordinate frame. Insight into the sensorimotor transformations involved in this process1,2 and how these transformations are implemented in the central nervous system ...
Response Characteristics of Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn Neurons in
... neurons recorded from lumbar segments had RFs mostly on the paw, limb, or hip, whereas neurons recorded from low thoracic segments usually had their RFs on the flank. In contrast to the neurons recorded in control rats, 10 of 53 units in allodynic rats had no peripheral RFs. The mean recording depth ...
... neurons recorded from lumbar segments had RFs mostly on the paw, limb, or hip, whereas neurons recorded from low thoracic segments usually had their RFs on the flank. In contrast to the neurons recorded in control rats, 10 of 53 units in allodynic rats had no peripheral RFs. The mean recording depth ...
Study of the human hypoglossal nucleus: Normal development and
... Co., Ltd, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, Japan), using a Plan Neofluar Zeiss objective and were displayed in a PC-monitor in RGB real colour. The measurements were made in a blinded fashion, without knowledge of the clinical diagnosis or victim age, in all cases in the same histological sections, selected at the an ...
... Co., Ltd, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, Japan), using a Plan Neofluar Zeiss objective and were displayed in a PC-monitor in RGB real colour. The measurements were made in a blinded fashion, without knowledge of the clinical diagnosis or victim age, in all cases in the same histological sections, selected at the an ...
Mirror neurons in monkey area F5 do not adapt to the observation of
... These studies have suggested that adaptation in IT may either depend on a decrease of synaptic efficacy of the afferents carrying visual information to temporal lobe neurons8,12 or it might be the result of improved predictions of experienced visual stimuli (that is, a top–down effect), leading to de ...
... These studies have suggested that adaptation in IT may either depend on a decrease of synaptic efficacy of the afferents carrying visual information to temporal lobe neurons8,12 or it might be the result of improved predictions of experienced visual stimuli (that is, a top–down effect), leading to de ...
Is Embryonic Limulus Heart Really Myogenic? Experimental
... SYNOPSIS. Although the neurogenic nature of the heartbeat in adult Limulus has been well studied and is undisputed, we contest the reports that the embryonic heartbeat is myogenic. This notion, based on histological, calorimetric, and drug studies, is challenged by evidence from transmission electro ...
... SYNOPSIS. Although the neurogenic nature of the heartbeat in adult Limulus has been well studied and is undisputed, we contest the reports that the embryonic heartbeat is myogenic. This notion, based on histological, calorimetric, and drug studies, is challenged by evidence from transmission electro ...
Figure 1 - Journal of Neuroscience
... (Knudsen and Konishi, 1978). It combines cues based on interaural time difference (ITD) and interaural level difference (ILD) in a multiplicative fashion to form narrow receptive fields (Knudsen, 1987; Peña and Konishi, 2001). However, results in barn owls may not easily generalize to the mammal. I ...
... (Knudsen and Konishi, 1978). It combines cues based on interaural time difference (ITD) and interaural level difference (ILD) in a multiplicative fashion to form narrow receptive fields (Knudsen, 1987; Peña and Konishi, 2001). However, results in barn owls may not easily generalize to the mammal. I ...
Life: The Science of Biology, 8e
... • thalamus, which is the final relay station for sensory information; ...
... • thalamus, which is the final relay station for sensory information; ...
NK1 receptor-expressing spinoparabrachial neurons trigger diffuse
... 1. Introduction Pain is a complex experience that involves sensory-discriminative, cognitive-evaluative, and affective-emotional components. Conversely, central nervous system networks may modulate the transmission of nociceptive messages according to the nature of the painful stimulus and behaviora ...
... 1. Introduction Pain is a complex experience that involves sensory-discriminative, cognitive-evaluative, and affective-emotional components. Conversely, central nervous system networks may modulate the transmission of nociceptive messages according to the nature of the painful stimulus and behaviora ...