Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... Environmental cooling and warming signals sensed by cutaneous cool and warm receptors, respectively, activate separate primary somatosensory neurons that innervate neurons in the spinal and trigeminal (medullary) dorsal horns (Fig. 1B). The dorsal horn harbors separate populations of spinothalamic p ...
... Environmental cooling and warming signals sensed by cutaneous cool and warm receptors, respectively, activate separate primary somatosensory neurons that innervate neurons in the spinal and trigeminal (medullary) dorsal horns (Fig. 1B). The dorsal horn harbors separate populations of spinothalamic p ...
Lecture 6: Stochastic models of channels, synapses
... Transmitter: s constant for a short time, s >> s Ps (t ) 1 ( Ps (0) 1) exp( s t ), ...
... Transmitter: s constant for a short time, s >> s Ps (t ) 1 ( Ps (0) 1) exp( s t ), ...
development and plasticity of cortical areas and networks
... Other evidence indicates that gradients of gene expression in the neuroepithelium of different cortical areas might regulate the initial arealization of the neocortex. For example, Pax6 is usually expressed in a lowcaudomedial–high-rostrolateral gradient28,29. In Pax6 homozygous mutants, caudolatera ...
... Other evidence indicates that gradients of gene expression in the neuroepithelium of different cortical areas might regulate the initial arealization of the neocortex. For example, Pax6 is usually expressed in a lowcaudomedial–high-rostrolateral gradient28,29. In Pax6 homozygous mutants, caudolatera ...
development and plasticity of cortical areas and networks
... Other evidence indicates that gradients of gene expression in the neuroepithelium of different cortical areas might regulate the initial arealization of the neocortex. For example, Pax6 is usually expressed in a lowcaudomedial–high-rostrolateral gradient28,29. In Pax6 homozygous mutants, caudolatera ...
... Other evidence indicates that gradients of gene expression in the neuroepithelium of different cortical areas might regulate the initial arealization of the neocortex. For example, Pax6 is usually expressed in a lowcaudomedial–high-rostrolateral gradient28,29. In Pax6 homozygous mutants, caudolatera ...
Mirror Neurons in a New World Monkey, Common Marmoset
... contained the cells strongly responsive to the video clip of others’ action, as determined from the electrophysiological recording under anesthesia (see above). For all the animals, the injection site was close to the posterior tip of STS and ventral to STS. After the injection, an artificial dura w ...
... contained the cells strongly responsive to the video clip of others’ action, as determined from the electrophysiological recording under anesthesia (see above). For all the animals, the injection site was close to the posterior tip of STS and ventral to STS. After the injection, an artificial dura w ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... Environmental cooling and warming signals sensed by cutaneous cool and warm receptors, respectively, activate separate primary somatosensory neurons that innervate neurons in the spinal and trigeminal (medullary) dorsal horns (Fig. 1B). The dorsal horn harbors separate populations of spinothalamic p ...
... Environmental cooling and warming signals sensed by cutaneous cool and warm receptors, respectively, activate separate primary somatosensory neurons that innervate neurons in the spinal and trigeminal (medullary) dorsal horns (Fig. 1B). The dorsal horn harbors separate populations of spinothalamic p ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Signal Integration in Hypothalamic
... transmitters may be affected by the concentration ratio of co-released factors (FischerColbrie et al., 1988). Hence, differential regulation of co-localized transmitter synthesis may be an important mechanism by which neurons can integrate multiple signals. However, despite an abundance of anatomica ...
... transmitters may be affected by the concentration ratio of co-released factors (FischerColbrie et al., 1988). Hence, differential regulation of co-localized transmitter synthesis may be an important mechanism by which neurons can integrate multiple signals. However, despite an abundance of anatomica ...
Estimating Fast Neural Input Using Anatomical and
... have a direct connection to (T). Some of those neurons may also send collaterals elsewhere, hence contributing to the indirect activity. Right: synapse specific recordings allows quantification of the direct input to the target neuron exclusively while sparing indirect paths. (C) Functional connecti ...
... have a direct connection to (T). Some of those neurons may also send collaterals elsewhere, hence contributing to the indirect activity. Right: synapse specific recordings allows quantification of the direct input to the target neuron exclusively while sparing indirect paths. (C) Functional connecti ...
Receptores Monoaminérgicos en Corteza Prefrontal: Mecanismo de Acción de Fármacos Antipsicóticos
... NMDA receptor (NMDA-R) antagonists are extensively used as schizophrenia models due to their ability to evoke positive and negative symptoms as well as cognitive deficits similar to those of the illness. Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are associated with prefrontal cortex (PFC) abnormalities. T ...
... NMDA receptor (NMDA-R) antagonists are extensively used as schizophrenia models due to their ability to evoke positive and negative symptoms as well as cognitive deficits similar to those of the illness. Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are associated with prefrontal cortex (PFC) abnormalities. T ...
Hindbrain noradrenergic A2 neurons: diverse roles in autonomic
... identify and/or lesion A2 neurons; however, these criteria do not allow A2 and C2 neurons to be distinguished within visceral NST regions where they overlap. The extent to which the connections and functions of these rostral A2/caudal C2 neurons are similar or unique remains largely unexplored. Tran ...
... identify and/or lesion A2 neurons; however, these criteria do not allow A2 and C2 neurons to be distinguished within visceral NST regions where they overlap. The extent to which the connections and functions of these rostral A2/caudal C2 neurons are similar or unique remains largely unexplored. Tran ...
Genetic Analysis of Brain Circuits Underlying Pheromone Signaling
... input from the main olfactory system. These results provide strong support to behavioral genetic experiments that uncovered the role of nonvomeronasal cues in the control of reproduction (19, 43, 70). The studies summarized above clearly demonstrate the involvement of central olfactory nuclei in the ...
... input from the main olfactory system. These results provide strong support to behavioral genetic experiments that uncovered the role of nonvomeronasal cues in the control of reproduction (19, 43, 70). The studies summarized above clearly demonstrate the involvement of central olfactory nuclei in the ...
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... excitotoxic damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, activation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signals, ischemia and protein misfolding. Exploring the mechanism of axonal transport failure, synaptic dysfunction, the glial system in glaucoma, and stem cell used in glau ...
... excitotoxic damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, activation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signals, ischemia and protein misfolding. Exploring the mechanism of axonal transport failure, synaptic dysfunction, the glial system in glaucoma, and stem cell used in glau ...
Modulation of Sympathetic and Somatomotor Function by the
... that a microinjection into any single nucleus in VMM will affect neurons confined to that nucleus. Furthermore, with few exceptions, experiments examining VMM’s role in nociceptive modulation have not recorded thermoregulatory measures and experiments examining VMM control of cold defense have not r ...
... that a microinjection into any single nucleus in VMM will affect neurons confined to that nucleus. Furthermore, with few exceptions, experiments examining VMM’s role in nociceptive modulation have not recorded thermoregulatory measures and experiments examining VMM control of cold defense have not r ...
Hypothalamic Regulation of Sleep
... a neurotoxin by conjugating the ribosomal inactivating protein, saporin (Stirpe et al. 1992), to the hypocretin/ orexin receptor binding ligand, hypocretin-2/orexin-B. The hypocretin-containing neurons have been shown to have an autoreceptor (Horvath et al. 1999a), and we reasoned that the neurotoxi ...
... a neurotoxin by conjugating the ribosomal inactivating protein, saporin (Stirpe et al. 1992), to the hypocretin/ orexin receptor binding ligand, hypocretin-2/orexin-B. The hypocretin-containing neurons have been shown to have an autoreceptor (Horvath et al. 1999a), and we reasoned that the neurotoxi ...
Kiecker and Lumsden - McLoon Lab
... Nakamoto et al. 2011). Nowadays the term organizer is used more widely to describe groups of cells that can determine the fate of neighboring cell populations by emitting molecular signals. The ectopic twin induced in Spemann’s experiment contained a complete CNS that was properly patterned along it ...
... Nakamoto et al. 2011). Nowadays the term organizer is used more widely to describe groups of cells that can determine the fate of neighboring cell populations by emitting molecular signals. The ectopic twin induced in Spemann’s experiment contained a complete CNS that was properly patterned along it ...
Differential effects of nicotine on the activity of substantia nigra and
... Grenhoff et al. 1986, Mereu et al. 1987) and in vitro (Calabresi et al. 1989, Grillner and Svensson 2000, Pidoplichko et al. 1997, Sorenson et al. 1998, Yin and French 2000), and enhances dopamine release from striatal nerve terminals (Blaha and Winn 1993, Blaha et al. 1996, Nisell et al. 1994a,b). ...
... Grenhoff et al. 1986, Mereu et al. 1987) and in vitro (Calabresi et al. 1989, Grillner and Svensson 2000, Pidoplichko et al. 1997, Sorenson et al. 1998, Yin and French 2000), and enhances dopamine release from striatal nerve terminals (Blaha and Winn 1993, Blaha et al. 1996, Nisell et al. 1994a,b). ...
Representing Spatial Information for Limb - Research
... brain? A vector code of movement direction has been described in primary motor cortex Ml (Gcorgopoulos et al., 1982; Schwartz et al., 1988; Caminiti et al., 1990), dorsal premotor cortex PMd (Caminiti et al., 1991; Fu et al., 1993), areas 2 and 5 of the parietal cortex (Kalaska et al., 1983; Cohen e ...
... brain? A vector code of movement direction has been described in primary motor cortex Ml (Gcorgopoulos et al., 1982; Schwartz et al., 1988; Caminiti et al., 1990), dorsal premotor cortex PMd (Caminiti et al., 1991; Fu et al., 1993), areas 2 and 5 of the parietal cortex (Kalaska et al., 1983; Cohen e ...
Article - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
... layer-specific role in the differentiation of neocortical neurons. Examples include Tbr1, whose loss affects SP formation and corticothalamic connectivity, and Otx1, which plays a role in the refinement of subcerebral projections (Hevner et al., 2001, 2006; Weimann et al., 1999). Understanding of th ...
... layer-specific role in the differentiation of neocortical neurons. Examples include Tbr1, whose loss affects SP formation and corticothalamic connectivity, and Otx1, which plays a role in the refinement of subcerebral projections (Hevner et al., 2001, 2006; Weimann et al., 1999). Understanding of th ...
Thalamic Circuit Diversity: Modulation of the Driver/Modulator
... FIGURE 2 | Schematic summary of synaptic terminals types and their arrangements in the dorsal thalamus. Class I axons (Guillery, 1966) form small terminals with round vesicles (RS; Guillery, 1969) that are defined as modulators (Sherman and Guillery, 1998). RS terminals that originate from cortex la ...
... FIGURE 2 | Schematic summary of synaptic terminals types and their arrangements in the dorsal thalamus. Class I axons (Guillery, 1966) form small terminals with round vesicles (RS; Guillery, 1969) that are defined as modulators (Sherman and Guillery, 1998). RS terminals that originate from cortex la ...
Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms
... system during sleep. Other hypothalamic neurons stabilize the switch, and their absence results in inappropriate switching of behavioural states, such as occurs in narcolepsy. These findings explain how various drugs affect sleep and wakefulness, and provide the basis for a wide range of environment ...
... system during sleep. Other hypothalamic neurons stabilize the switch, and their absence results in inappropriate switching of behavioural states, such as occurs in narcolepsy. These findings explain how various drugs affect sleep and wakefulness, and provide the basis for a wide range of environment ...
Report - Ben Hayden
... To test this hypothesis, we studied the responses of single neurons, as well as the effects of microstimulation, in CGp in monkeys performing a gambling task. Monkeys prefer the risky option in this task, but their local pattern of choices strongly depends on the most recent reward obtained (Hayden ...
... To test this hypothesis, we studied the responses of single neurons, as well as the effects of microstimulation, in CGp in monkeys performing a gambling task. Monkeys prefer the risky option in this task, but their local pattern of choices strongly depends on the most recent reward obtained (Hayden ...
THE REGULATION OF SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS BY THE
... genetically modulated mice. Prepro-orexin knockout mice2), OX2R knockout mice3), and orexin neuron-ablated transgenic mice (orexin/ataxin-3 mice)1) show severe sleep fragmentation similar to narcolepsy. Additionally, it has been reported that the number of orexin neurons is greatly reduced and that ...
... genetically modulated mice. Prepro-orexin knockout mice2), OX2R knockout mice3), and orexin neuron-ablated transgenic mice (orexin/ataxin-3 mice)1) show severe sleep fragmentation similar to narcolepsy. Additionally, it has been reported that the number of orexin neurons is greatly reduced and that ...
A Motion-sensitive Area in Ferret Extrastriate
... random dots have the same direction and speed (tangential speed was typically 21.5/s) at a given moment. In this paradigm the speed of the stimulus is constant throughout a stimulus trial (cycle), but stimulus direction changes continuously (0--360) within a complete stimulus cycle. This stimulus ...
... random dots have the same direction and speed (tangential speed was typically 21.5/s) at a given moment. In this paradigm the speed of the stimulus is constant throughout a stimulus trial (cycle), but stimulus direction changes continuously (0--360) within a complete stimulus cycle. This stimulus ...