Characterization of peripheral osmoreceptors - diss.fu
... The cells of our body are surrounded by a fluid known as extracellular fluid (ECF). It contains substances such as sodium, chloride, potassium, urea, glucose and many others. The osmolality of the ECF is a measure of the concentration of each of these substances and is defined as the number of moles ...
... The cells of our body are surrounded by a fluid known as extracellular fluid (ECF). It contains substances such as sodium, chloride, potassium, urea, glucose and many others. The osmolality of the ECF is a measure of the concentration of each of these substances and is defined as the number of moles ...
Distribution of Agrin mRNAs in the Chick Embryo Nervous System
... of putative motor neurons (El 4; Fig. 2G), as expected. Sensory ganglia from E5 to E 14 were also prominently labeled (“d,” Fig. 2D,E). The largest sensory ganglion cells, presumably neurons, were most intensely labeled (not shown). Sections hybridized with sense cRNA probe showed no specific signal ...
... of putative motor neurons (El 4; Fig. 2G), as expected. Sensory ganglia from E5 to E 14 were also prominently labeled (“d,” Fig. 2D,E). The largest sensory ganglion cells, presumably neurons, were most intensely labeled (not shown). Sections hybridized with sense cRNA probe showed no specific signal ...
Frequency-Dependent Recruitment of Fast Amino Acid and Slow
... control GnRH-GFP-Gpr54 ⫹/⫹ mice. All exand location of the two slices used. B, Schematic three-dimensional view of the relevant structures and cell types contained within perimentation was approved by the University the two slices. The oval dots represent GnRH neurons. C, Photograph of a brain slice ...
... control GnRH-GFP-Gpr54 ⫹/⫹ mice. All exand location of the two slices used. B, Schematic three-dimensional view of the relevant structures and cell types contained within perimentation was approved by the University the two slices. The oval dots represent GnRH neurons. C, Photograph of a brain slice ...
Genesis and Control of the Respiratory Rhythm in Adult
... France; and 2Faculty of Biology, Department of Physiology and Zoology, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain ...
... France; and 2Faculty of Biology, Department of Physiology and Zoology, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain ...
The Prefrontal Cortex and Flexible Behavior
... Fig. 3. Cortical structure as the basis of laminar patterns of cortical connections and their relationship to two neurochemical classes of inhibitory neurons in the cortex. The structural model for connections is depicted for the prefrontal cortex but applies to other cortical regions as well. (A–C ...
... Fig. 3. Cortical structure as the basis of laminar patterns of cortical connections and their relationship to two neurochemical classes of inhibitory neurons in the cortex. The structural model for connections is depicted for the prefrontal cortex but applies to other cortical regions as well. (A–C ...
The subfornical organ: A central nervous system site for actions of
... obvious question as to how this peripheral peptide gains access to the central sites. While peptide transporter systems (2) and transendothelial signaling (35) represent mechanisms through which peripheral signals may reach hypothalamic neurons behind the BBB, an alternative explanation also deserve ...
... obvious question as to how this peripheral peptide gains access to the central sites. While peptide transporter systems (2) and transendothelial signaling (35) represent mechanisms through which peripheral signals may reach hypothalamic neurons behind the BBB, an alternative explanation also deserve ...
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... However, the brain pays more attention to some stimuli—such as those that signal rewards or warn of potential threats—than to others. These stimuli receive extra attention because they activate a structure deep within the brain called the amygdala. The amygdala, which is named after the Greek word f ...
... However, the brain pays more attention to some stimuli—such as those that signal rewards or warn of potential threats—than to others. These stimuli receive extra attention because they activate a structure deep within the brain called the amygdala. The amygdala, which is named after the Greek word f ...
Toward Nanometer-Scale Sensing System
... comprises its response profile. The Firestein study also provided additional support for the one neuron-one receptor-type hypothesis. It was found that forcing an increase in the number of receptor neurons expressing a particular gene led to an increase in sensitivity to odorants within the receptor ...
... comprises its response profile. The Firestein study also provided additional support for the one neuron-one receptor-type hypothesis. It was found that forcing an increase in the number of receptor neurons expressing a particular gene led to an increase in sensitivity to odorants within the receptor ...
Gene expression and specificity in the mature zone of the lobster
... least one high-quality stretch of ⬎100 bp. From these 3,836 sequences, we found 2,389 different sequences consisting of 1,944 singlets and 445 contigs. Frequency distributions of mRNA abundance in cells or tissues typically approximate an exponentially declining function with a long tail of lowfrequ ...
... least one high-quality stretch of ⬎100 bp. From these 3,836 sequences, we found 2,389 different sequences consisting of 1,944 singlets and 445 contigs. Frequency distributions of mRNA abundance in cells or tissues typically approximate an exponentially declining function with a long tail of lowfrequ ...
Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
Implication of novel neurotransmitter systems in the regulation of
... the olfactory placodes (9) and migrate to their final location during the embryonic life. In addition to these data from mice, results of other experiments performed in chicks (10), rhesus macaques (11), rats (12) and humans (13) indicate that the olfactory origin of GnRH neurons is a general phenom ...
... the olfactory placodes (9) and migrate to their final location during the embryonic life. In addition to these data from mice, results of other experiments performed in chicks (10), rhesus macaques (11), rats (12) and humans (13) indicate that the olfactory origin of GnRH neurons is a general phenom ...
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... on sensory neurons and their progenitors. At an early developmental stage, there is evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) directs pluripotent neural crest cells to differentiate along the sensory neuron lineage (SieberBlum, 1991). Before dorsal root ganglion neurons innervate their ...
... on sensory neurons and their progenitors. At an early developmental stage, there is evidence that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) directs pluripotent neural crest cells to differentiate along the sensory neuron lineage (SieberBlum, 1991). Before dorsal root ganglion neurons innervate their ...
The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
... The endocrine glands secrete a variety of hormones that control the development and regulation of the reproductive system (these glands include the anterior pituitary, the adrenal cortex, and the gonadsthe testes in males and the ovaries in females). Much of the development of the reproductive syst ...
... The endocrine glands secrete a variety of hormones that control the development and regulation of the reproductive system (these glands include the anterior pituitary, the adrenal cortex, and the gonadsthe testes in males and the ovaries in females). Much of the development of the reproductive syst ...
Bissonette Gregory B, Gentry Ronny N, Padmala Srikanth, Pessoa L
... Motivation is a complex psychological feature, likely arising from assessments of physiological states, understanding and attending to current environmental cues, past reinforcement history, and assessing expected value associated with current contexts. In this light, pharmacological manipulations o ...
... Motivation is a complex psychological feature, likely arising from assessments of physiological states, understanding and attending to current environmental cues, past reinforcement history, and assessing expected value associated with current contexts. In this light, pharmacological manipulations o ...
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... synapse formation remain unknown. To identify genes that regulate or mediate the function of SAD-1, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and identified the sole C. elegans homolog of Neurabin (NAB-1) that physically interacts with SAD-1 both in vivo and in vitro. Mammalian Neurabin (NeurabinI) and ...
... synapse formation remain unknown. To identify genes that regulate or mediate the function of SAD-1, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and identified the sole C. elegans homolog of Neurabin (NAB-1) that physically interacts with SAD-1 both in vivo and in vitro. Mammalian Neurabin (NeurabinI) and ...
Impact of prefrontal cortex in nicotine
... (nAChRs) in the PFC to enhance working memory and attention and Bunney, 1983; Ungless et al., 2004), we do acknowledge that there are (Levin, 1992; Granon et al., 1995; Levin et al., 2006; Counotte et al., the technical limitations in the determination of the identities of our 2011; Guillem et al., ...
... (nAChRs) in the PFC to enhance working memory and attention and Bunney, 1983; Ungless et al., 2004), we do acknowledge that there are (Levin, 1992; Granon et al., 1995; Levin et al., 2006; Counotte et al., the technical limitations in the determination of the identities of our 2011; Guillem et al., ...
(2012) Prediction of economic choice by primate amygdala neurons
... consecutive save choices, we offered them, on randomly selected control trials, a choice between the accumulated reward and fixed reward amounts, which were indicated by pretrained visual cues. Both animals consistently chose the fixed reward when it exceeded the saved magnitude (Fig. 1E) (P < 0.001, ...
... consecutive save choices, we offered them, on randomly selected control trials, a choice between the accumulated reward and fixed reward amounts, which were indicated by pretrained visual cues. Both animals consistently chose the fixed reward when it exceeded the saved magnitude (Fig. 1E) (P < 0.001, ...
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... inputs; the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synaptic contacts is ⬃10:1, which is unprecedented in the CNS (71). This pattern of synaptic organization, which results in noise assuming the characteristics of signal, allows hypocretinergic neurons to be easily activated, leading to rapid arousal (71) ...
... inputs; the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synaptic contacts is ⬃10:1, which is unprecedented in the CNS (71). This pattern of synaptic organization, which results in noise assuming the characteristics of signal, allows hypocretinergic neurons to be easily activated, leading to rapid arousal (71) ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... (L2) of the PFC, providing glutamatergic input to nearby neurons (Sesack et al., 1989; Little and Carter, 2012). There are many populations of projection neurons, which project to distinct targets and have unique roles (Gabbott et al., 2005). Projection neurons have been mostly studied in deep layer ...
... (L2) of the PFC, providing glutamatergic input to nearby neurons (Sesack et al., 1989; Little and Carter, 2012). There are many populations of projection neurons, which project to distinct targets and have unique roles (Gabbott et al., 2005). Projection neurons have been mostly studied in deep layer ...
The prefrontal cortex encompasses a large and heterogeneous set of
... architectonic criteria that form the basis of classic architectonic studies, namely, density of neurons and glia, as well as some neurochemical markers for calcium binding proteins, which label distinct classes of cortical neurons and have proved valuable in architectonic studies [e.g. (Jones et al. ...
... architectonic criteria that form the basis of classic architectonic studies, namely, density of neurons and glia, as well as some neurochemical markers for calcium binding proteins, which label distinct classes of cortical neurons and have proved valuable in architectonic studies [e.g. (Jones et al. ...
superior Medullary Velum
... cerebral artery (25). We did not study the vascular anatomy and only fiber dissection and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Early immunohistochemical studies about oligodendroglia showed that the glial precursors migrated to their final position in the cerebellum via the superior medullar ...
... cerebral artery (25). We did not study the vascular anatomy and only fiber dissection and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Early immunohistochemical studies about oligodendroglia showed that the glial precursors migrated to their final position in the cerebellum via the superior medullar ...
Information Processing in the Rostral Solitary Nucleus: Modulation
... arising from local interneurons, it is not known how these properties contribute to shaping the gustatory signal as it passes from peripheral afferents to central rNST neurons. In addition, some properties which have been demonstrated in the rNST (such as convergence of ST afferents, short term syna ...
... arising from local interneurons, it is not known how these properties contribute to shaping the gustatory signal as it passes from peripheral afferents to central rNST neurons. In addition, some properties which have been demonstrated in the rNST (such as convergence of ST afferents, short term syna ...
A behavioral switch: cGMP and PKC signaling in olfactory neurons
... Despite strong innate preferences, chemosensory behaviors of C. elegans can be altered by adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as li ...
... Despite strong innate preferences, chemosensory behaviors of C. elegans can be altered by adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as li ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... At early stages of neural development, neurons send out axons to their appropriate target regions under the guidance of various molecular cues. Once growing axons arrived at their target area they begin to form relatively crude functional connections. These initial connections undergo substantial sy ...
... At early stages of neural development, neurons send out axons to their appropriate target regions under the guidance of various molecular cues. Once growing axons arrived at their target area they begin to form relatively crude functional connections. These initial connections undergo substantial sy ...