Filamentous contacts: the ultrastructure and three
... differ fundamentally in their composition from other adhering junctions and do not fall into either of the two established categories. Their findings raise the possibility that adhering junctions are in reality a much more heterogeneous family of junctions (in terms of molecular organization and fun ...
... differ fundamentally in their composition from other adhering junctions and do not fall into either of the two established categories. Their findings raise the possibility that adhering junctions are in reality a much more heterogeneous family of junctions (in terms of molecular organization and fun ...
A Dendritic Disinhibitory Circuit Mechanism for Pathway
... the level of dendrites it is sufficiently sparse to support branch-specific disinhibition, and there- ...
... the level of dendrites it is sufficiently sparse to support branch-specific disinhibition, and there- ...
Divergent Projections from the Anterior Inferotemporal Area TE to
... visual recognition memory of objects (delayed-matching- or nonmatching-to-sample task). There is also behavioral evidence that the perirhinal cortex is the most important for performance of the visual recognition memory task (Murray et al., 1993; Eacott et al., 1994; Gaffan, 1994; Leonard et al., 19 ...
... visual recognition memory of objects (delayed-matching- or nonmatching-to-sample task). There is also behavioral evidence that the perirhinal cortex is the most important for performance of the visual recognition memory task (Murray et al., 1993; Eacott et al., 1994; Gaffan, 1994; Leonard et al., 19 ...
Electronic Realization of Human Brain`s Neo
... to get close to VLSI mimicry of the brain power efficiency. The brain consisting of 1010 neurons with 1014 neural connections is a very power efficient system that is still the most complex system to date [16]. Comparison of hardware/software implementation and software simulations shows how faraway ...
... to get close to VLSI mimicry of the brain power efficiency. The brain consisting of 1010 neurons with 1014 neural connections is a very power efficient system that is still the most complex system to date [16]. Comparison of hardware/software implementation and software simulations shows how faraway ...
Leptin: A metabolic signal affecting central regulation of
... gene was detected by RT-PCR in pig adipose tissue. Proteomic analysis of adipose tissue and preadipocyte culture conditioned media identified several secreted proteins including relaxin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP-5; Table 2). Another secreted protein, plasminogen activator ...
... gene was detected by RT-PCR in pig adipose tissue. Proteomic analysis of adipose tissue and preadipocyte culture conditioned media identified several secreted proteins including relaxin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP-5; Table 2). Another secreted protein, plasminogen activator ...
Amphetamine-induced release of dopamine from the substantia
... the amount of [3H]3-methoxytyramine (3MT), the metabolite formed by the action of COMT on dopamine, in both medium and tissue for some of the data points. Substantial amounts of labeled 3MT were found, with almost all of this metabolite invariably present in the medium (average 89.6%, standard error ...
... the amount of [3H]3-methoxytyramine (3MT), the metabolite formed by the action of COMT on dopamine, in both medium and tissue for some of the data points. Substantial amounts of labeled 3MT were found, with almost all of this metabolite invariably present in the medium (average 89.6%, standard error ...
Topographically Specific Hippocampal Projections Target Functionally Distinct Prefrontal Areas in the
... 1971, 1972, 1979). Thc limbic system has been implicated in emotional and mncrnonic proccsscs, and its input onto prefrontal areas is likely to have profound effects on their function and on behavior (for review, see Damasio, 1994). Input from sensory and limbic structures to the various prefrontal ...
... 1971, 1972, 1979). Thc limbic system has been implicated in emotional and mncrnonic proccsscs, and its input onto prefrontal areas is likely to have profound effects on their function and on behavior (for review, see Damasio, 1994). Input from sensory and limbic structures to the various prefrontal ...
concurrent, distributed control of saccade initiation in the frontal eye
... discharge a high frequency burst of action potentials for saccades into the contralateral hemifield. In addition to the burst, these cells also have a low frequency buildup of activity before the burst. It is believed that at least some LLBNs are innervated by descending projections from higher cent ...
... discharge a high frequency burst of action potentials for saccades into the contralateral hemifield. In addition to the burst, these cells also have a low frequency buildup of activity before the burst. It is believed that at least some LLBNs are innervated by descending projections from higher cent ...
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Trk Receptor Activation in Epilepsy
... How might one measure trk receptor activation? Trk proteins are transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) homologous to other RTKs such as the EGF receptor and insulin receptor family [4, 94]. Signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases is known to involve ligandinduced receptor dimerization and dim ...
... How might one measure trk receptor activation? Trk proteins are transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) homologous to other RTKs such as the EGF receptor and insulin receptor family [4, 94]. Signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases is known to involve ligandinduced receptor dimerization and dim ...
Shape Selectivity in Primate Frontal Eye Field
... 280 –340 ms within a 1.6° window (full-width), one of the eight shape stimuli was flashed four times in the receptive field of the cell (see Recording procedures for isolation criteria and receptive field mapping). Stimulus duration for each flash was 400 ms with an ISI of 150 ms. The monkey perform ...
... 280 –340 ms within a 1.6° window (full-width), one of the eight shape stimuli was flashed four times in the receptive field of the cell (see Recording procedures for isolation criteria and receptive field mapping). Stimulus duration for each flash was 400 ms with an ISI of 150 ms. The monkey perform ...
Differential GABAB Receptor Modulation of Ethanol Effects on
... 2003; Ariwodola and Weiner, 2004). Activation of GABAA receptors in the septohippocampal pathway has also been shown to potentiate behavioral effects of several anesthetics (Ma et al., 2002) as well as ethanol (Mihic et al., 1997). Electrophysiological studies have shown that GABAA IPSCs evoked in t ...
... 2003; Ariwodola and Weiner, 2004). Activation of GABAA receptors in the septohippocampal pathway has also been shown to potentiate behavioral effects of several anesthetics (Ma et al., 2002) as well as ethanol (Mihic et al., 1997). Electrophysiological studies have shown that GABAA IPSCs evoked in t ...
Auditory Neurons in the Dorsal Cortex of the Inferior Colliculus
... by my thesis committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this thesis has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution. ...
... by my thesis committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this thesis has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution. ...
Kobayashi S, Kawagoe R, Takikawa Y, Koizumi M, Sakagami M
... eight candidates at a constant distance from the center of the display (usually 6.5 degrees for monkeys HA and ZO; between 5 and 30 degrees for monkeys GA, HO, and KI). When the neuron had spatial preference, one of the two positions was selected to be within the neuron’s response field. The monkey ...
... eight candidates at a constant distance from the center of the display (usually 6.5 degrees for monkeys HA and ZO; between 5 and 30 degrees for monkeys GA, HO, and KI). When the neuron had spatial preference, one of the two positions was selected to be within the neuron’s response field. The monkey ...
New Concepts of the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Gonadotropin
... the ovulatory process and has thus been a central focus of study since the earliest years of neuroendocrine research. The key neuroendocrine signals for stimulation of gonadotropin surges have been known for many decades, yet the cellular mechanisms that integrate these signals are still not well un ...
... the ovulatory process and has thus been a central focus of study since the earliest years of neuroendocrine research. The key neuroendocrine signals for stimulation of gonadotropin surges have been known for many decades, yet the cellular mechanisms that integrate these signals are still not well un ...
Differential Characteristics of Face Neuron Responses Within the
... During the experiment, a grid was placed within the recording cylinders (Crist et al. 1988) to facilitate the insertion of stainless steel guide tubes through the dura to a depth of ⬃10 mm above the STS. At the beginning of each recording session, the guide tube stylet was removed and an epoxy-coate ...
... During the experiment, a grid was placed within the recording cylinders (Crist et al. 1988) to facilitate the insertion of stainless steel guide tubes through the dura to a depth of ⬃10 mm above the STS. At the beginning of each recording session, the guide tube stylet was removed and an epoxy-coate ...
Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an
... processing capacity) large file sizes of ~20Tb per brain. We applied multiple segmentation algorithms to this data to classify each pixel as “cell” or “non-cell” (Figure 2D; see Materials and Methods). Quality of segmentation was consistent across many regions and imaging depths, including cortex (F ...
... processing capacity) large file sizes of ~20Tb per brain. We applied multiple segmentation algorithms to this data to classify each pixel as “cell” or “non-cell” (Figure 2D; see Materials and Methods). Quality of segmentation was consistent across many regions and imaging depths, including cortex (F ...
Effect of PACAP in Central and Peripheral Nerve Injuries
... intestinal polypeptide (VIP), identifying PACAP as a member of the secretin/glucagon/growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) superfamily [2]. Two types of PACAP binding sites have been characterized based on their relative affinities for VIP and PACAP. PAC1 receptor exhibits a high affinity for both ...
... intestinal polypeptide (VIP), identifying PACAP as a member of the secretin/glucagon/growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) superfamily [2]. Two types of PACAP binding sites have been characterized based on their relative affinities for VIP and PACAP. PAC1 receptor exhibits a high affinity for both ...
The role of the basal ganglia in reinforcement learning
... cues and outcomes, whereas TANs suppress their tonic discharge (40). Thus, it has been suggested that some of the dopamine influence on striatal projections neurons is mediated through inhibition of the TANs (41). The typical TANs response has led to the conclusion that they may not encode the predi ...
... cues and outcomes, whereas TANs suppress their tonic discharge (40). Thus, it has been suggested that some of the dopamine influence on striatal projections neurons is mediated through inhibition of the TANs (41). The typical TANs response has led to the conclusion that they may not encode the predi ...
Functional Selectivity and Antidepressant Activity of Serotonin 1A
... Figure 3. Main elements of the receptor tyrosine kinase pathway. The activation pathway involves pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein βγ-subunits, the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (Src), tyrosine phsphorylated Shc (a molecular docking platform) and a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) activity [22,4 ...
... Figure 3. Main elements of the receptor tyrosine kinase pathway. The activation pathway involves pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein βγ-subunits, the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (Src), tyrosine phsphorylated Shc (a molecular docking platform) and a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) activity [22,4 ...
Serotonin modulates responses to species
... best frequency or to linear FM sweeps. First, the average effect of serotonin on spike count for the first three neurons recorded after surgery were compared with the average effect of serotonin on spike count for later neurons. There was no significant difference in the average effect of serotonin on the ...
... best frequency or to linear FM sweeps. First, the average effect of serotonin on spike count for the first three neurons recorded after surgery were compared with the average effect of serotonin on spike count for later neurons. There was no significant difference in the average effect of serotonin on the ...
electrophysiological and synaptic properties of rat superior and
... Cardiovascular disease accounts for 1 out of 3 deaths in the United States each year, at a rate of 1 individual lost every 39 seconds (Roger et al., 2012a). Hypertension (HT), defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, affects one-third of the adult populati ...
... Cardiovascular disease accounts for 1 out of 3 deaths in the United States each year, at a rate of 1 individual lost every 39 seconds (Roger et al., 2012a). Hypertension (HT), defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, affects one-third of the adult populati ...
Disease Modeling Using Embryonic Stem Cells
... wild-type and ESCs lacking MeCP2 generated neuronal cultures of high purity, with more than 90% of the cells expressing neuronal markers after a few days in culture. These neurons were previously characterized as glutamatergic using antibodies to a glutamate vesicular transporter and to form functio ...
... wild-type and ESCs lacking MeCP2 generated neuronal cultures of high purity, with more than 90% of the cells expressing neuronal markers after a few days in culture. These neurons were previously characterized as glutamatergic using antibodies to a glutamate vesicular transporter and to form functio ...
Contrasting Effects of Reward Expectation on Sensory and Motor
... the pre-cue ‘control’ period (the 1 s duration before the cue onset) to examine whether the neuron showed significant task-related activities. If the mean discharge rate in a given period was significantly different from that in the control period (Mann--Whitney U-test, P < 0.05), the neuron was consi ...
... the pre-cue ‘control’ period (the 1 s duration before the cue onset) to examine whether the neuron showed significant task-related activities. If the mean discharge rate in a given period was significantly different from that in the control period (Mann--Whitney U-test, P < 0.05), the neuron was consi ...
Role of High-Affinity Receptors and Membrane Transporters in
... structure for chemical information processing is concerned, since the work of Ramon-y-Cajal (1893) and Sherrington (1906), much of our current knowledge comes from studies based on junctional architecture (cf. Tansey, 1998). The idea that the transmitter is released in quanta on the arrival of the a ...
... structure for chemical information processing is concerned, since the work of Ramon-y-Cajal (1893) and Sherrington (1906), much of our current knowledge comes from studies based on junctional architecture (cf. Tansey, 1998). The idea that the transmitter is released in quanta on the arrival of the a ...
Mitchell, Emma (2016) Detour pathways of descending motor
... In the intact animal, a number of indirect routes via which the motor cortex may gain access to ipsilateral spinal circuitry have been identified. These pathways are complex and involve intercalated neurons located in the brainstem and contralateral spinal cord. However, there are numerous putative ...
... In the intact animal, a number of indirect routes via which the motor cortex may gain access to ipsilateral spinal circuitry have been identified. These pathways are complex and involve intercalated neurons located in the brainstem and contralateral spinal cord. However, there are numerous putative ...