Coincidence Detection or Temporal Integration?
... of coordination with the other two neurons during one or more of the three stimuli (airjet 1 or airjet 2 or combined airjet stimulation), but not necessarily in response to the same stimulus. After applying these criteria to our sample of 360 neuronal trios, we identified 26 trios that showed signif ...
... of coordination with the other two neurons during one or more of the three stimuli (airjet 1 or airjet 2 or combined airjet stimulation), but not necessarily in response to the same stimulus. After applying these criteria to our sample of 360 neuronal trios, we identified 26 trios that showed signif ...
Cystatin C prevents degeneration of rat nigral dopaminergic neurons
... stimulate the growth of central neurons in vitro, such as the neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor (including its specific receptor trkB) and members of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family (Hida et al., 2003; Numan and Seroogy, 1997; Zhou et al., 1996, 2000). Consistent wit ...
... stimulate the growth of central neurons in vitro, such as the neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor (including its specific receptor trkB) and members of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family (Hida et al., 2003; Numan and Seroogy, 1997; Zhou et al., 1996, 2000). Consistent wit ...
Intrinsic and synaptic plasticity in the vestibular system
... (Figure 1). Vestibular nucleus neurons contribute to a variety of circuits that are responsible for initiating compensatory movements of the eyes, head and body [1,2] in addition to providing information about head direction to forebrain circuits [3,4] and for signaling postural changes to the auton ...
... (Figure 1). Vestibular nucleus neurons contribute to a variety of circuits that are responsible for initiating compensatory movements of the eyes, head and body [1,2] in addition to providing information about head direction to forebrain circuits [3,4] and for signaling postural changes to the auton ...
Emilia Biffi Editor - Biology at the University of Illinois at Urbana
... Microfluidics is a technology which features the manipulation of small amounts of fluids in channels with dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers. Microfluidics takes advantage of both soft lithography and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), a silicon-based elastomeric material which is cheap, easy ...
... Microfluidics is a technology which features the manipulation of small amounts of fluids in channels with dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers. Microfluidics takes advantage of both soft lithography and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), a silicon-based elastomeric material which is cheap, easy ...
Shared and distinct retinal input to the mouse superior colliculus and
... two brain regions: the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and the superior colliculus (SC). The degree to which retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) send similar or distinct information to the two areas remains unclear despite the important constraints that different patterns of RGC input place on do ...
... two brain regions: the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and the superior colliculus (SC). The degree to which retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) send similar or distinct information to the two areas remains unclear despite the important constraints that different patterns of RGC input place on do ...
Thalamic POm projections to the dorsolateral striatum of rats
... relatively constant. Furthermore, analysis of the response latencies shows that DLS neurons respond either before or at the same time as the neurons in the SI barrel cortex. These findings strongly suggest that subcortical regions must be involved in transmitting somesthetic information to the DLS. ...
... relatively constant. Furthermore, analysis of the response latencies shows that DLS neurons respond either before or at the same time as the neurons in the SI barrel cortex. These findings strongly suggest that subcortical regions must be involved in transmitting somesthetic information to the DLS. ...
Antinociceptive Action of Nitrous Oxide Is Mediated
... A high-intensity light was focused on the ventral surface of the tail, and the time for the animal to move its tail from the light beam was recorded. A different patch of the middle (rat) or distal (mice) third of the tail was exposed to the light beam each time to minimize the risk of tissue damage ...
... A high-intensity light was focused on the ventral surface of the tail, and the time for the animal to move its tail from the light beam was recorded. A different patch of the middle (rat) or distal (mice) third of the tail was exposed to the light beam each time to minimize the risk of tissue damage ...
INFUSION OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) INTO KITTEN
... 3,3P-diaminobenzidine ; ICV, intracerebroventricular; LGN, lateral geniculate nucleus; MD, monocular deprivation; MI, monocularity index; NGF, nerve growth factor; P, postnatal ; PB, ...
... 3,3P-diaminobenzidine ; ICV, intracerebroventricular; LGN, lateral geniculate nucleus; MD, monocular deprivation; MI, monocularity index; NGF, nerve growth factor; P, postnatal ; PB, ...
Projection patterns from the amygdaloid nuclear complex to
... limbic structures including the medial prefrontal cortex (Fig. 4B), the lateral habenular nucleus (Fig. 4C), and the lateral septal nucleus (Fig. 4D). The positive immunostaining at these afferent sites was distinct from the surrounding regions which exhibited none of the neuronal labeling (Figs. 4B ...
... limbic structures including the medial prefrontal cortex (Fig. 4B), the lateral habenular nucleus (Fig. 4C), and the lateral septal nucleus (Fig. 4D). The positive immunostaining at these afferent sites was distinct from the surrounding regions which exhibited none of the neuronal labeling (Figs. 4B ...
Table of Contents
... hyperpolarizing inhibition. In some cells, internal chloride is at concentrations higher than the equilibrium potential. In these cases, opening chloride channels caused an efflux of this anion, creating an inward current, and depolarizing the membrane. Nevertheless, this depolarization still inhibi ...
... hyperpolarizing inhibition. In some cells, internal chloride is at concentrations higher than the equilibrium potential. In these cases, opening chloride channels caused an efflux of this anion, creating an inward current, and depolarizing the membrane. Nevertheless, this depolarization still inhibi ...
Identification of key signaling molecules involved - diss.fu
... hypothalamus. Trpm2 expression was detected in the preoptic area by in situ hybridization. Heat responses of warm-sensitive neurons were abolished in the neurons from Trpm2 knockout mice characterized by Ca2+ imaging, indicating that Trpm2 channel is involved in conducting Ca2+ influx during heat st ...
... hypothalamus. Trpm2 expression was detected in the preoptic area by in situ hybridization. Heat responses of warm-sensitive neurons were abolished in the neurons from Trpm2 knockout mice characterized by Ca2+ imaging, indicating that Trpm2 channel is involved in conducting Ca2+ influx during heat st ...
Synaptic Distinction of Laminar-specific Prefrontal-temporal Pathways in Primates
... et al., 2002). Global access to information is necessary for the executive functions of the prefrontal cortex, but for any given task the information retrieved must be specific. An important way to endow specificity to cortical pathways is by termination in distinct layers, where neurons have specific ...
... et al., 2002). Global access to information is necessary for the executive functions of the prefrontal cortex, but for any given task the information retrieved must be specific. An important way to endow specificity to cortical pathways is by termination in distinct layers, where neurons have specific ...
Projections from the brain to the spinal cord in the mouse Huazheng
... of mammalian species, but have not been comprehensively studied in the mouse. We have mapped these cells in the mouse using retrograde tracing after large unilateral Fluoro-Gold (FG) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections in the C1 and C2 spinal cord segments. We have identified over 30 cell gr ...
... of mammalian species, but have not been comprehensively studied in the mouse. We have mapped these cells in the mouse using retrograde tracing after large unilateral Fluoro-Gold (FG) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections in the C1 and C2 spinal cord segments. We have identified over 30 cell gr ...
Dynamics and Synchronization of Motifs of Neuronal Populations in the Presence
... units are independent and there is only randomness. In a completely integrated system, all units behave identically and there is only regularity. Both extreme cases have no complexity. Therefore, complexity depends on the coexistence of order/disorder, random/regularity, and segregation/integration. ...
... units are independent and there is only randomness. In a completely integrated system, all units behave identically and there is only regularity. Both extreme cases have no complexity. Therefore, complexity depends on the coexistence of order/disorder, random/regularity, and segregation/integration. ...
Full Text - Cerebral Cortex
... Details of the surgery and recording methods have been described previously (Watanabe, 1990; Hikosaka, 1999). Extracellular recordings ...
... Details of the surgery and recording methods have been described previously (Watanabe, 1990; Hikosaka, 1999). Extracellular recordings ...
Connections Between the Retrosplenial Cortex and the
... information between the hippocampal formation, many neocortical regions, and the thalamus. Early studies demonstrated that the cingulate (including the retrosplenial) cortex was innervated by the anterior thalamic nuclei and the neocortex and that it had a significant projection both to the hippocam ...
... information between the hippocampal formation, many neocortical regions, and the thalamus. Early studies demonstrated that the cingulate (including the retrosplenial) cortex was innervated by the anterior thalamic nuclei and the neocortex and that it had a significant projection both to the hippocam ...
The physiological role of orexin/hypocretin neurons in the regulation
... to maintain a long, consolidated awake period. Anatomical studies of neural projections from/to orexin neurons and phenotypic characterization of transgenic mice revealed various roles for orexin neurons in the coordination of emotion, energy homeostasis, reward system, and arousal. For example, ore ...
... to maintain a long, consolidated awake period. Anatomical studies of neural projections from/to orexin neurons and phenotypic characterization of transgenic mice revealed various roles for orexin neurons in the coordination of emotion, energy homeostasis, reward system, and arousal. For example, ore ...
Print
... lyl cyclase activity, inhibition of voltage-activated calcium channels, and activation of potassium channels (56, 148, 221, 222, 236, 239). In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated that CB1 receptors are abundantly expressed in discrete regions and cell types of the ce ...
... lyl cyclase activity, inhibition of voltage-activated calcium channels, and activation of potassium channels (56, 148, 221, 222, 236, 239). In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated that CB1 receptors are abundantly expressed in discrete regions and cell types of the ce ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... FIG. 2. Activity of a Psol neuron evoked by sinusoidal roll vestibular stimulation. A: vestibular stimulation about the longitudinal axis evoked maximal modulation of neuronal activity when the left posterior semicircular canal was orthogonal to the axis of rotation. The head of the rabbit was orien ...
... FIG. 2. Activity of a Psol neuron evoked by sinusoidal roll vestibular stimulation. A: vestibular stimulation about the longitudinal axis evoked maximal modulation of neuronal activity when the left posterior semicircular canal was orthogonal to the axis of rotation. The head of the rabbit was orien ...
Amyloid-Beta Induced Changes in Vesicular Transport of BDNF in
... which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The neurotrophin brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important growth factor in the CNS. Deficits in transport of this secretory protein could underlie neurodegenera ...
... which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The neurotrophin brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important growth factor in the CNS. Deficits in transport of this secretory protein could underlie neurodegenera ...
Sound processing by local neural populations in the
... until recently, this has been technically impossible to do in vivo, because electrophysiological recording techniques cannot densely probe neurons at this spatial resolution, while optical techniques to monitor neural physiology have been limited to use at the surface of the tissue. Recently, this h ...
... until recently, this has been technically impossible to do in vivo, because electrophysiological recording techniques cannot densely probe neurons at this spatial resolution, while optical techniques to monitor neural physiology have been limited to use at the surface of the tissue. Recently, this h ...
Kisspeptin Signaling Is Required for the Luteinizing Introduction of Males
... pentobarbital (Lethabarb; Virbarc, Peakhurst, N.S.W., Australia). Heads were perfused and the hypothalami dissected as previously described [21]. Coronal sections (30 mm) were cut on a cryostat and placed into cryoprotectant (30% ethylene glycol, 20% glycerol in sodium phosphate buffer) until used f ...
... pentobarbital (Lethabarb; Virbarc, Peakhurst, N.S.W., Australia). Heads were perfused and the hypothalami dissected as previously described [21]. Coronal sections (30 mm) were cut on a cryostat and placed into cryoprotectant (30% ethylene glycol, 20% glycerol in sodium phosphate buffer) until used f ...
Huntingtin Aggregation Kinetics and Their Pathological
... aggregates may be inert or even neuroprotective. Medium spiny projection neurons of the striatum exhibit fewer Htt aggregates than striatal interneurons, yet are more vulnerable to neurodegeneration in HD (Kuemmerle et al. 1999). Additionally, several mouse (Hodgson et al. 1999) and Drosophila (Rome ...
... aggregates may be inert or even neuroprotective. Medium spiny projection neurons of the striatum exhibit fewer Htt aggregates than striatal interneurons, yet are more vulnerable to neurodegeneration in HD (Kuemmerle et al. 1999). Additionally, several mouse (Hodgson et al. 1999) and Drosophila (Rome ...
The Switch of Subthalamic Neurons From an Irregular to a Bursting
... proportional to the magnitudes of iontophoretic currents were collected on the computer via the Cambridge Electronic Design interface, in parallel to the singleunit and polygraphic recordings samplings. Iontophoretic studies were typically conducted as follows. When a presumed STN unit was found, co ...
... proportional to the magnitudes of iontophoretic currents were collected on the computer via the Cambridge Electronic Design interface, in parallel to the singleunit and polygraphic recordings samplings. Iontophoretic studies were typically conducted as follows. When a presumed STN unit was found, co ...