[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the
... adjusted to pH 7.3 with NaOH. The brain was cut into a midbrain block containing SNc and coronal slices of 300-400 µm thickness were obtained with a vibratome (TPI, USA). Subsequently, the SNc regions of the slices demarcated by dark color were dissected out with a scalpel blade and digested with th ...
... adjusted to pH 7.3 with NaOH. The brain was cut into a midbrain block containing SNc and coronal slices of 300-400 µm thickness were obtained with a vibratome (TPI, USA). Subsequently, the SNc regions of the slices demarcated by dark color were dissected out with a scalpel blade and digested with th ...
The basal forebrain cholinergic projection system in mice. In
... ACh acts primarily as a neuromodulator. ACh can activate nicotinic or G-protein coupled muscarinc receptors. A number of different nicotinic and muscarinic receptors have been cloned. The synthesis and release of ACh requires the expression of three genes, encoding ChAT, the vesicular acetylcholine ...
... ACh acts primarily as a neuromodulator. ACh can activate nicotinic or G-protein coupled muscarinc receptors. A number of different nicotinic and muscarinic receptors have been cloned. The synthesis and release of ACh requires the expression of three genes, encoding ChAT, the vesicular acetylcholine ...
The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection
... ACh acts primarily as a neuromodulator. ACh can activate nicotinic or G-protein coupled muscarinc receptors. A number of different nicotinic and muscarinic receptors have been cloned. The synthesis and release of ACh requires the expression of three genes, encoding ChAT, the vesicular acetylcholine ...
... ACh acts primarily as a neuromodulator. ACh can activate nicotinic or G-protein coupled muscarinc receptors. A number of different nicotinic and muscarinic receptors have been cloned. The synthesis and release of ACh requires the expression of three genes, encoding ChAT, the vesicular acetylcholine ...
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the development of epilepsy
... Abstract Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases, but our understanding of the detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying it remains incomplete. Several pathological changes typically occur in the epileptic brain, including neuronal loss, neurogenesis, neurite growth, and ...
... Abstract Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases, but our understanding of the detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying it remains incomplete. Several pathological changes typically occur in the epileptic brain, including neuronal loss, neurogenesis, neurite growth, and ...
Review Article Type 3 adenylyl cyclase: a key enzyme mediating the
... distinct from most actin-based subcellular structures such as microvilli or synapses. In the nervous system, there is no evidence that neuronal cilia process any synaptic structure. Apparently, the structural features of neuronal cilia do not allow them to harbor any synaptic connections. Neverthele ...
... distinct from most actin-based subcellular structures such as microvilli or synapses. In the nervous system, there is no evidence that neuronal cilia process any synaptic structure. Apparently, the structural features of neuronal cilia do not allow them to harbor any synaptic connections. Neverthele ...
Maxillary palp glomeruli and ipsilateral projections in the antennal
... VA2 of the AL (Singh and Nayak 1985). Stocker et al (1990) stated that five glomeruli of the AL are targets of maxillary palp sensory neurons but specified only glomeruli VA4, VA3 and DM2 to be the recipients of these projections. There are 57 known Drosophila olfactory receptor (DORs) genes (Vossha ...
... VA2 of the AL (Singh and Nayak 1985). Stocker et al (1990) stated that five glomeruli of the AL are targets of maxillary palp sensory neurons but specified only glomeruli VA4, VA3 and DM2 to be the recipients of these projections. There are 57 known Drosophila olfactory receptor (DORs) genes (Vossha ...
Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Alterations in Subacute and Chronic
... Ultrastructural analyses were performed in rats 7 and 30 days after tMCAO. Briefly, spinal cord tissue samples were postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Inc.) in 0.1M PB for 1 hour at room temperature (RT) and then dehydrated in a graded series of acetone dilutions. Tissue ...
... Ultrastructural analyses were performed in rats 7 and 30 days after tMCAO. Briefly, spinal cord tissue samples were postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Inc.) in 0.1M PB for 1 hour at room temperature (RT) and then dehydrated in a graded series of acetone dilutions. Tissue ...
Dopaminergic control of the globus pallidus and its impact
... The work of my thesis is a part of integrative neurobiology and focuses on studying the control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influe ...
... The work of my thesis is a part of integrative neurobiology and focuses on studying the control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influe ...
Zebrafish Get Connected: Investigating Neurotransmission Targets
... have also been recognized, with Group I receptors also acting through other Gq proteins, Gi/o proteins, Gs proteins, and independent of G proteins to activate alternative pathways. Downstream targets include phospholipase D, and protein kinase pathways such as Jun kinase, the mitogen-activated prote ...
... have also been recognized, with Group I receptors also acting through other Gq proteins, Gi/o proteins, Gs proteins, and independent of G proteins to activate alternative pathways. Downstream targets include phospholipase D, and protein kinase pathways such as Jun kinase, the mitogen-activated prote ...
Projections of auditory cortex to the medial geniculate body of the cat
... projections (Mesulam and Pandya, 1973; Hashikawa et al., 1995). Nevertheless, the precise role of the CT system remains somewhat enigmatic, and the necessity for so massive a projection is unknown. Parallels in CT organization between the auditory and visual system may reveal the basic principles of ...
... projections (Mesulam and Pandya, 1973; Hashikawa et al., 1995). Nevertheless, the precise role of the CT system remains somewhat enigmatic, and the necessity for so massive a projection is unknown. Parallels in CT organization between the auditory and visual system may reveal the basic principles of ...
On-line Optical Operant Conditioning of Cortical Activity
... imaging makes it possible to observe the activity of the same population of identified neurons in behaving animals over long time periods. Here we introduce a platform to analyze calcium imaging data on-line and feed this neuronal activity back to behaving animals. We have used this approach to inve ...
... imaging makes it possible to observe the activity of the same population of identified neurons in behaving animals over long time periods. Here we introduce a platform to analyze calcium imaging data on-line and feed this neuronal activity back to behaving animals. We have used this approach to inve ...
basic mechanisms of sleep
... and to reduce REM sleep percentage in vivo (43). Experimentally administered 5-HT has also been shown to suppress specific physiologic signs of REM. For example, 5HT has been shown to counteract the REM-like carbacholinduced atonia of hypoglossal motor neurons (44). Microinjection of the 5-HT agonis ...
... and to reduce REM sleep percentage in vivo (43). Experimentally administered 5-HT has also been shown to suppress specific physiologic signs of REM. For example, 5HT has been shown to counteract the REM-like carbacholinduced atonia of hypoglossal motor neurons (44). Microinjection of the 5-HT agonis ...
... Neuronal cell death programmes are counteracted by survival signals during development in order to maintain the tissue homeostasis. Neuronal differentiation is a mechanism generating functionally integrated neuronal cells from their progenitors. These processes appear to be mediated via activation o ...
melanogaster
... exhibit a boost in their response to visual motion during ight compared to quiescence. Pharmacological application of octopamine evokes responses in quiescent ies that mimic those observed during ight, and octopamine neurons that project to the optic lobes increase in activity during ight. Using ...
... exhibit a boost in their response to visual motion during ight compared to quiescence. Pharmacological application of octopamine evokes responses in quiescent ies that mimic those observed during ight, and octopamine neurons that project to the optic lobes increase in activity during ight. Using ...
PDF - Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
... SCI is not satisfactory. Thus, it’s urgent to find effective treatment methods for SCI, and many experiments have been done covering many aspects, such as molecule, cell, gene, drug treatment, and so on. In this study, we have discovered that GDNF immunoreactive products were found in the cytoplasm ...
... SCI is not satisfactory. Thus, it’s urgent to find effective treatment methods for SCI, and many experiments have been done covering many aspects, such as molecule, cell, gene, drug treatment, and so on. In this study, we have discovered that GDNF immunoreactive products were found in the cytoplasm ...
The Time Course and Amplitude of EPSPs Evoked at Synapses
... synapses cannot be obtained from this technique, nor can details of convergence of CA3 pyramidal neurons onto single CA1 neurons or of divergence of CA3 neurons into the CA1 field. A knowledge of the amplitudes and time courses of EPSPs evoked at connections formed between single CA3 and CA1 neurons ...
... synapses cannot be obtained from this technique, nor can details of convergence of CA3 pyramidal neurons onto single CA1 neurons or of divergence of CA3 neurons into the CA1 field. A knowledge of the amplitudes and time courses of EPSPs evoked at connections formed between single CA3 and CA1 neurons ...
Molecular and functional anatomy of the mouse olfactory epithelium
... predators. Detection of odorous molecules is made by odorant receptors on specialized sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelial sheet. The olfactory sensory neurons are organized into a few regions or “zones” based on the spatially limited expression of odorant receptors. In this thesis the zonal ...
... predators. Detection of odorous molecules is made by odorant receptors on specialized sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelial sheet. The olfactory sensory neurons are organized into a few regions or “zones” based on the spatially limited expression of odorant receptors. In this thesis the zonal ...
S-potentials precede and drive nearly all LGN spikes in a burst.
... nucleus (LGN) is often categorized into two modes: burst and tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occu ...
... nucleus (LGN) is often categorized into two modes: burst and tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occu ...
Prelimbic to Accumbens Core Pathway Is Recruited in a Dopamine
... (Bossert et al., 2011; Cruz et al., 2013, 2014; Moorman and AstonJones, 2015). The importance of these neural subpopulations for drug-seeking behavior may depend on their projection targets. For example, neurons in mPFC, BLA, and vSub activate during cue-induced cocaine seeking (as measured by c-fos ...
... (Bossert et al., 2011; Cruz et al., 2013, 2014; Moorman and AstonJones, 2015). The importance of these neural subpopulations for drug-seeking behavior may depend on their projection targets. For example, neurons in mPFC, BLA, and vSub activate during cue-induced cocaine seeking (as measured by c-fos ...
Homologous Neurons and their Locomotor Functions in Nudibranch
... leave these doors a better scientist than I arrived, and Paul's contribution to this growth cannot be underestimated. A tremendous amount of thanks are also due to my committee, Ron Calabrese, Chuck Derby, and Dorothy Paul, who have played a larger role than they know in my professional development. ...
... leave these doors a better scientist than I arrived, and Paul's contribution to this growth cannot be underestimated. A tremendous amount of thanks are also due to my committee, Ron Calabrese, Chuck Derby, and Dorothy Paul, who have played a larger role than they know in my professional development. ...
Topographic Organization of Corticospinal Projections from the
... injections was larger than that of DY injections. The intermediate zone, zone II, was defined as the region that contained large numbers of intensely fluorescent neurons and glia. Zone II gradually changed into a peripheral zone, zone III, that contained some background tissue fluorescence and weakl ...
... injections was larger than that of DY injections. The intermediate zone, zone II, was defined as the region that contained large numbers of intensely fluorescent neurons and glia. Zone II gradually changed into a peripheral zone, zone III, that contained some background tissue fluorescence and weakl ...
Neuronal control of leech behavior - Emory Biology
... each of the behaviors, thereby revealing the underlying motor neuronal firing patterns. The isolated nervous system (bottom panel), in its entirety or in pieces, produces motor patterns that are distinguishable as the neuronal substrates of each of the behaviors. Such preparations are the most usefu ...
... each of the behaviors, thereby revealing the underlying motor neuronal firing patterns. The isolated nervous system (bottom panel), in its entirety or in pieces, produces motor patterns that are distinguishable as the neuronal substrates of each of the behaviors. Such preparations are the most usefu ...
Number, Density, and Surface/Cytoplasmic
... transporters include replenishing the supply of GABA in an inhibitory neuron and releasing GABA in a voltage-dependent but Ca 2⫹-independent mechanism (Lester et al., 1996). To assess these roles, it is helpful to know which cells express GABA transporters. GABAergic interneurons are a heterogeneous ...
... transporters include replenishing the supply of GABA in an inhibitory neuron and releasing GABA in a voltage-dependent but Ca 2⫹-independent mechanism (Lester et al., 1996). To assess these roles, it is helpful to know which cells express GABA transporters. GABAergic interneurons are a heterogeneous ...
... (with the exception of NT4/5) and their receptors was performed in the nervous system of different adult transgenic murine models in two different scenarios: central nervous system neurodegeneration and peripheral nervous system neuroregeneration. In order to determine the role of NTs/NTRs in the ne ...