Spinal sympathetic interneurons: Their identification and roles after
... activity. The polarities of somatically evoked responses of uncorrelated interneurons were much less likely to match those of simultaneous responses in renal sympathetic nerve activity. Furthermore, the excitatory fields of uncorrelated neurons were significantly larger than those of correlated neuro ...
... activity. The polarities of somatically evoked responses of uncorrelated interneurons were much less likely to match those of simultaneous responses in renal sympathetic nerve activity. Furthermore, the excitatory fields of uncorrelated neurons were significantly larger than those of correlated neuro ...
Functional Organization of the Gustatory System in the Brains of
... This reproduction was made from a copy of a m anuscript sent to u s for publication and microfilming. While the m ost advanced technology has been used to pho tograph and reproduce this m anuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. Pag ...
... This reproduction was made from a copy of a m anuscript sent to u s for publication and microfilming. While the m ost advanced technology has been used to pho tograph and reproduce this m anuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. Pag ...
Module 10 - Neuronal Signalling
... The brain is a highly complex organ that is divided into different functional regions. Each region has a specific compliment of neurons that are connected together into local circuits to generate characteristic output signals that are then sent either to other regions or to the periphery as is the c ...
... The brain is a highly complex organ that is divided into different functional regions. Each region has a specific compliment of neurons that are connected together into local circuits to generate characteristic output signals that are then sent either to other regions or to the periphery as is the c ...
Orexin/Hypocretin: A Neuropeptide at the Interface of Sleep, Energy
... II. Orexin and orexin receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Identification of orexin (Hypocretin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Orex ...
... II. Orexin and orexin receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Identification of orexin (Hypocretin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Orex ...
Distinct Roles for Somatically and Dendritically Synthesized Brain
... spine pruning are dependent upon neural activity and play a key role in the activity-dependent refinement of neuronal connections (Churchill et al., 2002; Mataga et al., 2004; Ethell and Pasquale, 2005; Zuo et al., 2005b). Many physiological and molecular factors have been found to regulate spine fo ...
... spine pruning are dependent upon neural activity and play a key role in the activity-dependent refinement of neuronal connections (Churchill et al., 2002; Mataga et al., 2004; Ethell and Pasquale, 2005; Zuo et al., 2005b). Many physiological and molecular factors have been found to regulate spine fo ...
Apparent Loss and Hypertrophy of Interneurons in a Mouse Model
... 2, 5, and 9 months. Consistent with previous reports, autofluorescent lipopigment could be detected in presymptomatic mutant mice at 2 months (Messer and Plummer, 1993). In contrast, autofluorescent lipopigment was almost entirely absent in ageand strain-matched wild-type animals of any age. By 5 mo ...
... 2, 5, and 9 months. Consistent with previous reports, autofluorescent lipopigment could be detected in presymptomatic mutant mice at 2 months (Messer and Plummer, 1993). In contrast, autofluorescent lipopigment was almost entirely absent in ageand strain-matched wild-type animals of any age. By 5 mo ...
Chapter 14 PowerPoint - IHMC Public Cmaps (2)
... Variable size and structure throughout the nervous system Cellular constituents ...
... Variable size and structure throughout the nervous system Cellular constituents ...
5-HT Receptor Regulation of Neurotransmitter Release
... and striatal dopamine release, respectively. Such 5-HT heteroreceptors are considered potential targets for appropriate 5-HT receptor ligands which, by enhancing the release of a relevant neurotransmitter, can compensate for its hypothesized deficiency in distinct brain areas. Examples for such defi ...
... and striatal dopamine release, respectively. Such 5-HT heteroreceptors are considered potential targets for appropriate 5-HT receptor ligands which, by enhancing the release of a relevant neurotransmitter, can compensate for its hypothesized deficiency in distinct brain areas. Examples for such defi ...
Ethanol Potentiation of Glycine-Induced Responses in Dissociated
... fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol effects are neurobehavioral disturbances, such as hyperactivity, learning disabilities, depression, and psychosis (Clarren and Smith, 1978). The mechanisms underlying EtOH effects on the developing human brain, however, are poorly understood. According to a very ...
... fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol effects are neurobehavioral disturbances, such as hyperactivity, learning disabilities, depression, and psychosis (Clarren and Smith, 1978). The mechanisms underlying EtOH effects on the developing human brain, however, are poorly understood. According to a very ...
The Anatomy of the Posterior Commissure
... AIm: The connections of posterior commissure are defined. Its fibers mediate the consensual light reflex by interconnecting the pretectal nuclei. The fiber connections from the thalamic, pretectal, superior colliculus and the habenular nuclei are known, but they have not been shown anatomically. The ...
... AIm: The connections of posterior commissure are defined. Its fibers mediate the consensual light reflex by interconnecting the pretectal nuclei. The fiber connections from the thalamic, pretectal, superior colliculus and the habenular nuclei are known, but they have not been shown anatomically. The ...
Organization of the Olfactory and Respiratory Skeleton in the Nose
... in the mouse (Mus musculus) than in any other chordate yet sampled. G-protein-coupled ORs in the nose are encoded by nearly 1000 genes. They comprise between 1 and 5% of the total mouse genome and form its largest single gene family (Buck and Axel, 1991; Ressler et al., 1993, 1994). Comparative anal ...
... in the mouse (Mus musculus) than in any other chordate yet sampled. G-protein-coupled ORs in the nose are encoded by nearly 1000 genes. They comprise between 1 and 5% of the total mouse genome and form its largest single gene family (Buck and Axel, 1991; Ressler et al., 1993, 1994). Comparative anal ...
Are there differences between the secretion characteristics of NGF
... NMDA receptor subunit-1 (Suen et al., 1997). Conversely, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) attenuates the transmission via GABAA receptors (Tanaka et al., 1997). It is important to emphasize that these pre- and postsynaptic effects are not ubiquitous, but depend on the expression of the corre ...
... NMDA receptor subunit-1 (Suen et al., 1997). Conversely, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) attenuates the transmission via GABAA receptors (Tanaka et al., 1997). It is important to emphasize that these pre- and postsynaptic effects are not ubiquitous, but depend on the expression of the corre ...
The Role of the Terminal Nerve and GnRH in Olfactory System
... olfactory nerve or ventral olfactory bulb, with fibers that extend rostrally to the olfactory epithelium and caudally to the preoptic area, although collaterals can branch widely throughout the brain (Oka, 1997). The terminals of the rostral processes have proven difficult to locate precisely, but t ...
... olfactory nerve or ventral olfactory bulb, with fibers that extend rostrally to the olfactory epithelium and caudally to the preoptic area, although collaterals can branch widely throughout the brain (Oka, 1997). The terminals of the rostral processes have proven difficult to locate precisely, but t ...
to eat or to sleep? orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness
... agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) are redundant, or that some of these factors lack physiologic relevance in vivo (Flier & Maratos-Flier 1998, Salton et al 2000). For example, NPY potently increases food consumption when given centrally but Npy-null mutant mice fa ...
... agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) are redundant, or that some of these factors lack physiologic relevance in vivo (Flier & Maratos-Flier 1998, Salton et al 2000). For example, NPY potently increases food consumption when given centrally but Npy-null mutant mice fa ...
The Role of Mirror Neurons in Movement
... The characteristic feature of mirror neurons is that they modulate their firing rate during both a monkey’s own action and during observation of another individual performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal tar ...
... The characteristic feature of mirror neurons is that they modulate their firing rate during both a monkey’s own action and during observation of another individual performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal tar ...
Reuss 9..48
... GABA is a major transmitter of the SCN. Furthermore, there is multiple evidence that amino acid transmitters are of major importance for SCN function. GABA, thought to be the principal neurotransmitter in the SCN [Moore and Speh, 1993], is found in most if not all neurons, and the mRNA for its synth ...
... GABA is a major transmitter of the SCN. Furthermore, there is multiple evidence that amino acid transmitters are of major importance for SCN function. GABA, thought to be the principal neurotransmitter in the SCN [Moore and Speh, 1993], is found in most if not all neurons, and the mRNA for its synth ...
Fein A (2012) Nociceptors and the Perception of Pain.
... conduction velocities exhibited by the nerve. Some of the neurons recorded this way are distinguished by relatively high thresholds for activation, i.e. they can only be activated by intense (mechanical, thermal or chemical irritant) stimuli that are potentially damaging to tissues. These high thres ...
... conduction velocities exhibited by the nerve. Some of the neurons recorded this way are distinguished by relatively high thresholds for activation, i.e. they can only be activated by intense (mechanical, thermal or chemical irritant) stimuli that are potentially damaging to tissues. These high thres ...
A decade of the anaphase-promoting complex in the nervous system
... After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. ...
... After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. ...
Ear manipulations help model neuroplasticity limitations
... 2) Can inner ear afferents find their targets in the hindbrain if they enter through a different cranial nerve or enter into a foreign territory? 3) What mechanisms do inner ear afferents use to find their targets in the hindbrain? 4) How will alteration of afferent input, either by ear removal or a ...
... 2) Can inner ear afferents find their targets in the hindbrain if they enter through a different cranial nerve or enter into a foreign territory? 3) What mechanisms do inner ear afferents use to find their targets in the hindbrain? 4) How will alteration of afferent input, either by ear removal or a ...
Chapter 9 The Nervous System
... nerve fibers, form the outer portion of the H-shaped core of the spinal cord; bundles of axons called tracts – Interior composed of gray matter made up mainly of neuron dendrites and cell bodies (Figure 9-18) – Spinal cord tracts provide two-way conduction paths— ascending and descending – Spinal co ...
... nerve fibers, form the outer portion of the H-shaped core of the spinal cord; bundles of axons called tracts – Interior composed of gray matter made up mainly of neuron dendrites and cell bodies (Figure 9-18) – Spinal cord tracts provide two-way conduction paths— ascending and descending – Spinal co ...
Chapter 9 The Nervous System
... nerve fibers, form the outer portion of the H-shaped core of the spinal cord; bundles of axons called tracts – Interior composed of gray matter made up mainly of neuron dendrites and cell bodies (Figure 9-18) – Spinal cord tracts provide two-way conduction paths— ascending and descending – Spinal co ...
... nerve fibers, form the outer portion of the H-shaped core of the spinal cord; bundles of axons called tracts – Interior composed of gray matter made up mainly of neuron dendrites and cell bodies (Figure 9-18) – Spinal cord tracts provide two-way conduction paths— ascending and descending – Spinal co ...
PDF
... conditions, is to maintain the viability of the neurons. Subsidiary experiments supporting this view are also reported. INTRODUCTION ...
... conditions, is to maintain the viability of the neurons. Subsidiary experiments supporting this view are also reported. INTRODUCTION ...
Functional Heterogeneity in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
... Despite the strong link between CRF and anxiety in BNST, there is still uncertainty regarding the underlying mechanisms. First, given the lack of BLA inputs to the oval nucleus, which structures “inform” CRF cells of environmental contingencies? The oval nucleus is devoid of inputs from the subiculu ...
... Despite the strong link between CRF and anxiety in BNST, there is still uncertainty regarding the underlying mechanisms. First, given the lack of BLA inputs to the oval nucleus, which structures “inform” CRF cells of environmental contingencies? The oval nucleus is devoid of inputs from the subiculu ...
The Role of Kv7 in Peripheral Neurons
... functional role of each Kv7 subunits within the peripheral sensory system have not been fully elucidated. In this thesis, I first investigate the expression pattern of Kv7.5 with immunohistochemical techniques, which allow me to show that Kv7.5 is localized in the axons of the Remak bundles (unmyeli ...
... functional role of each Kv7 subunits within the peripheral sensory system have not been fully elucidated. In this thesis, I first investigate the expression pattern of Kv7.5 with immunohistochemical techniques, which allow me to show that Kv7.5 is localized in the axons of the Remak bundles (unmyeli ...
Propofol Inhibits Neuronal Firing Activities in the Caudal
... amnesic and anesthetic effect, and rapid onset and clearance.(16-18) However, it may still produce a few side effects such as hypotension or bradycardia.(19-23) The mechanisms for propofol's actions have been widely studied, but the central medullary action of propofol, particularly concerning spont ...
... amnesic and anesthetic effect, and rapid onset and clearance.(16-18) However, it may still produce a few side effects such as hypotension or bradycardia.(19-23) The mechanisms for propofol's actions have been widely studied, but the central medullary action of propofol, particularly concerning spont ...