Article 5 - Graduate Program in Neuroscience | UBC
... the behavioral reaction to be performed following the trigger (execution or withholding of movement) and predicting the type of reinforcer (liquid or sound). Each trial contained two delay periods, namely the instruction–trigger delay, during which the animal remembered the type of instruction and p ...
... the behavioral reaction to be performed following the trigger (execution or withholding of movement) and predicting the type of reinforcer (liquid or sound). Each trial contained two delay periods, namely the instruction–trigger delay, during which the animal remembered the type of instruction and p ...
Primate amygdala neurons evaluate the progress of self
... Analysis of reaction times confirmed the behavioral relevance of sequence progress. We focused our main reaction time analysis on the latencies with which the animals released a touch key at the end of a trial to initiate reinforcer delivery (liquid reward on spend trials, auditory cue on save trial ...
... Analysis of reaction times confirmed the behavioral relevance of sequence progress. We focused our main reaction time analysis on the latencies with which the animals released a touch key at the end of a trial to initiate reinforcer delivery (liquid reward on spend trials, auditory cue on save trial ...
Refinement of feedforward projections, neuronal density, and
... review the basic organization of the visual cortex, as this was the first area used to describe the circuit. Very broadly, neurons in the cortex can be divided into excitatory and inhibitory classes, with the former representing the majority of neurons in V1 (Binzegger et al., 2004). While the major ...
... review the basic organization of the visual cortex, as this was the first area used to describe the circuit. Very broadly, neurons in the cortex can be divided into excitatory and inhibitory classes, with the former representing the majority of neurons in V1 (Binzegger et al., 2004). While the major ...
Neurophysiological involvement in hypervolemic hyponatremia
... mechanoreceptors and glial modulation. In neurons, osmosensing mechanoreceptors were initially identified as stretch-modulated cation channels [25] and now are associated to the transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid (V) family cation channel proteins. The osmosensory ability of SON neurons is ...
... mechanoreceptors and glial modulation. In neurons, osmosensing mechanoreceptors were initially identified as stretch-modulated cation channels [25] and now are associated to the transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid (V) family cation channel proteins. The osmosensory ability of SON neurons is ...
Prefrontal Projections to the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
... revealed two distinct classes of corticoreticular terminals synapsing with GABA/parvalbumin-positive dendritic shafts of TRN neurons. Most labeled boutons from prefrontal axons were small, but a second class of large boutons was also prominent. This is in contrast to the homogeneous small TRN termin ...
... revealed two distinct classes of corticoreticular terminals synapsing with GABA/parvalbumin-positive dendritic shafts of TRN neurons. Most labeled boutons from prefrontal axons were small, but a second class of large boutons was also prominent. This is in contrast to the homogeneous small TRN termin ...
Martin, Neuroscientist 2005
... and descend as the ventral corticospinal tract. In addition to the corticospinal tract, the corticospinal system contains indirect paths that project first to brain stem motor nuclei and from there to the spinal cord. The spinal gray matter is the target of the corticospinal tract. It is composed of ...
... and descend as the ventral corticospinal tract. In addition to the corticospinal tract, the corticospinal system contains indirect paths that project first to brain stem motor nuclei and from there to the spinal cord. The spinal gray matter is the target of the corticospinal tract. It is composed of ...
Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental
... Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons have important roles in adaptive and pathological brain functions related to reward and motivation. However, it is unknown whether subpopulations of VTA dopamine neurons participate in distinct circuits that encode different motivational signatures, and ...
... Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons have important roles in adaptive and pathological brain functions related to reward and motivation. However, it is unknown whether subpopulations of VTA dopamine neurons participate in distinct circuits that encode different motivational signatures, and ...
Review. Multiple signaling modalities mediated by dendritic
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
Differential Temporal Storage Capacity in the Baseline Activity of
... Neurons in visuomotor areas such as FEF or the lateral intraparietal area often exhibit sustained activation in the absence of visual stimulation, such as in memory-guided saccade tasks (e.g., Chafee and Goldman-Rakic 2000; Lawrence et al. 2005; Thompson et al. 2005). Conversely, neurons in V4 and o ...
... Neurons in visuomotor areas such as FEF or the lateral intraparietal area often exhibit sustained activation in the absence of visual stimulation, such as in memory-guided saccade tasks (e.g., Chafee and Goldman-Rakic 2000; Lawrence et al. 2005; Thompson et al. 2005). Conversely, neurons in V4 and o ...
Cortical areas are linked through pathways which originate and
... terminate in specific layers. The factors underlying which layers are involved in specific connections are not well understood. Here we tested whether cortical structure can predict the pattern as well as the relative distribution of projection neurons and axonal terminals in cortical layers, studie ...
... terminate in specific layers. The factors underlying which layers are involved in specific connections are not well understood. Here we tested whether cortical structure can predict the pattern as well as the relative distribution of projection neurons and axonal terminals in cortical layers, studie ...
Critical role of extracellularly secreted neuronal pentraxin 1 in
... Background: Developing brain is highly susceptible to hypoxic-ischemic injury leading to severe neurological disabilities in surviving infants and children. Previously we reported induction of neuronal pentraxin 1 (NP1) in hypoxic-ischemic injury in neonatal brain and NP1 co-localization with the ex ...
... Background: Developing brain is highly susceptible to hypoxic-ischemic injury leading to severe neurological disabilities in surviving infants and children. Previously we reported induction of neuronal pentraxin 1 (NP1) in hypoxic-ischemic injury in neonatal brain and NP1 co-localization with the ex ...
What and Where Information in the Caudate Tail Guides Saccades
... results suggest that CDt neurons receive both “what” and “where” information and guide saccades to visual objects. ...
... results suggest that CDt neurons receive both “what” and “where” information and guide saccades to visual objects. ...
Lateral Hypothalamus Contains Two Types of Palatability
... ultimately have implications for LH’s role in the formation and maintenance of taste preferences and aversions. ...
... ultimately have implications for LH’s role in the formation and maintenance of taste preferences and aversions. ...
olfaction
... • Related to the action of free nerve endings – stimulated in an indiscriminate manner • Warning system for the organism • Adaptation - Adapt to a particular odor ...
... • Related to the action of free nerve endings – stimulated in an indiscriminate manner • Warning system for the organism • Adaptation - Adapt to a particular odor ...
themes - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
... The intrinsic esophageal peristalsis is mediated by the NANC inhibitory and cholinergic excitatory myenteric neurons acting in concert. Although usually termed inhibitory, stimulation of the NANC nerves in smooth muscle strips elicits a biphasic response that consists of inhibition followed by a reb ...
... The intrinsic esophageal peristalsis is mediated by the NANC inhibitory and cholinergic excitatory myenteric neurons acting in concert. Although usually termed inhibitory, stimulation of the NANC nerves in smooth muscle strips elicits a biphasic response that consists of inhibition followed by a reb ...
The Locus Ceruleus Responds to Signaling Molecules Obtained
... point, and plotted as a function of time after intraocular injection. Quantitative ultrastructural autoradiography. Sections through the optic tectum and the LoC were analyzed by ultrastructural autoradiography using protocols described previously (von Bartheld et al., 1996a; Butowt and von Bartheld ...
... point, and plotted as a function of time after intraocular injection. Quantitative ultrastructural autoradiography. Sections through the optic tectum and the LoC were analyzed by ultrastructural autoradiography using protocols described previously (von Bartheld et al., 1996a; Butowt and von Bartheld ...
Total Wiring Length Minimization of C. elegans Neural
... The objective function of our optimization problem is the Total Wiring Length (TWL)—the sum of lengths of all connections in the neural network of the worm. In other words, TWL is the sum of all elements of the weighted adjacency matrix C. We assume that the connections in the network are fixed, i.e ...
... The objective function of our optimization problem is the Total Wiring Length (TWL)—the sum of lengths of all connections in the neural network of the worm. In other words, TWL is the sum of all elements of the weighted adjacency matrix C. We assume that the connections in the network are fixed, i.e ...
Probing electrical signals in the retina via graphene
... soma and is associated with the “blind spot” in visual perception. However, it is an area of concentrated electrical activity due to the tight bundling of unmyelinated RGC axons. Various techniques have been developed to study the neural activity in the retina and other neural networks. Patch-clamp ...
... soma and is associated with the “blind spot” in visual perception. However, it is an area of concentrated electrical activity due to the tight bundling of unmyelinated RGC axons. Various techniques have been developed to study the neural activity in the retina and other neural networks. Patch-clamp ...
Binding and Cytotoxic Effects of Clostdium botulinum Type A, C1
... intraperitoneal injection, 10 LD5o ml-l (250 pg ml-l) of toxin was used; 0.5 mI of the mixtures was injected and the mice were observed for 6 d. For intravenous injection, 2 x lo5 LDS0ml-l (5 pg ml-l) was used, and 0.1 ml of the mixtures was injected. The average time to death and the percentage of ...
... intraperitoneal injection, 10 LD5o ml-l (250 pg ml-l) of toxin was used; 0.5 mI of the mixtures was injected and the mice were observed for 6 d. For intravenous injection, 2 x lo5 LDS0ml-l (5 pg ml-l) was used, and 0.1 ml of the mixtures was injected. The average time to death and the percentage of ...
Substance P and Cholecystokinin-like lmmunoreactive Varicosities
... the fixative overnight. Spinal segment L6 was chosen for study since retrograde transport of HRP from the proximal end of a severed pelvic nerve has been shown to label perikarya in L6Sl dorsal root ganglia and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in spinal segments L6-S 1 in the rat (Nadelhaft and ...
... the fixative overnight. Spinal segment L6 was chosen for study since retrograde transport of HRP from the proximal end of a severed pelvic nerve has been shown to label perikarya in L6Sl dorsal root ganglia and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in spinal segments L6-S 1 in the rat (Nadelhaft and ...
Retinal projection to the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali
... compared to those labeled from nBOR, in which the proportion of DGCs was much higher (84–93%). DGCs were also labeled after injections into the anterior dorsolateral thalamus. The proportion was small (2–3%), and these DGCs were smaller in size than those projecting to the nBOR and LM. No DGCs were ...
... compared to those labeled from nBOR, in which the proportion of DGCs was much higher (84–93%). DGCs were also labeled after injections into the anterior dorsolateral thalamus. The proportion was small (2–3%), and these DGCs were smaller in size than those projecting to the nBOR and LM. No DGCs were ...
Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the control
... research, we combined tract tracing approaches and in vivo electrophysiological recordings to demonstrate that the BST actively relays the excitatory drive from the ILCx to VTA DA neurons (Massi et al., 2008). The vSUB plays an important role in the relapse to cocaine seeking behavior (Rogers and Se ...
... research, we combined tract tracing approaches and in vivo electrophysiological recordings to demonstrate that the BST actively relays the excitatory drive from the ILCx to VTA DA neurons (Massi et al., 2008). The vSUB plays an important role in the relapse to cocaine seeking behavior (Rogers and Se ...
Mechanisms of gustatory coding in Spodoptera littoralis
... Taste is one of the fundamental senses by which animals can detect food sources (sugars, salts, lipids, amino acids) but also noxious compounds dissolved in aqueous solution or adsorbed on surfaces (leaf, cuticle). Unlike olfaction, where only cephalic organs are involved in the detection of volatil ...
... Taste is one of the fundamental senses by which animals can detect food sources (sugars, salts, lipids, amino acids) but also noxious compounds dissolved in aqueous solution or adsorbed on surfaces (leaf, cuticle). Unlike olfaction, where only cephalic organs are involved in the detection of volatil ...
Receptive Fields of Second-order Neurons in the Olfactory Bulb of
... 1974; Costanzo and Mozell, 1976). Anatomical studies such as those by Land (1973) and Land and Shepherd (1974) have shown that there are particular areas of the olfactory epithelium which project to localized regions in the rabbit olfactory bulb. These anatomical studies, which depend primarily on d ...
... 1974; Costanzo and Mozell, 1976). Anatomical studies such as those by Land (1973) and Land and Shepherd (1974) have shown that there are particular areas of the olfactory epithelium which project to localized regions in the rabbit olfactory bulb. These anatomical studies, which depend primarily on d ...