Hypothalamus
... However, the parvocellular neurons release their secretory products into fenestrated capillaries that drain into the long portal vessels that drain into the anterior lobe. The magnocellular neurons secrete either vasopressin or oxytocin, and are largely concentrated in the supraoptic (SON) and parav ...
... However, the parvocellular neurons release their secretory products into fenestrated capillaries that drain into the long portal vessels that drain into the anterior lobe. The magnocellular neurons secrete either vasopressin or oxytocin, and are largely concentrated in the supraoptic (SON) and parav ...
Maruska & Tricas 2009b
... Abstract The fish auditory system encodes important acoustic stimuli used in social communication, but few studies have examined response properties of central auditory neurons to natural signals. We determined the features and responses of single hindbrain and midbrain auditory neurons to tone burs ...
... Abstract The fish auditory system encodes important acoustic stimuli used in social communication, but few studies have examined response properties of central auditory neurons to natural signals. We determined the features and responses of single hindbrain and midbrain auditory neurons to tone burs ...
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) expression and inhibitory
... These connections exist within circuits that are made up of both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic neurons. The excitatory neurons’ primary neurotransmitter is glutamate and interneurons are the inhibitory neurons whose neurotransmitter is γaminobutyric acid (GABA). The term interneuron refers to t ...
... These connections exist within circuits that are made up of both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic neurons. The excitatory neurons’ primary neurotransmitter is glutamate and interneurons are the inhibitory neurons whose neurotransmitter is γaminobutyric acid (GABA). The term interneuron refers to t ...
Neurons, Brain Chemistry, and Neurotransmission
... The neuron has processes called dendrites that receive signals and an axon that transmits signals to another neuron. The cell body, also called the soma, is the metabolic center of the neuron. The nucleus is located in the cell body, and most of the cell’s protein synthesis occurs in the cell body. ...
... The neuron has processes called dendrites that receive signals and an axon that transmits signals to another neuron. The cell body, also called the soma, is the metabolic center of the neuron. The nucleus is located in the cell body, and most of the cell’s protein synthesis occurs in the cell body. ...
CNS*2004 July 18-22, 2004 Baltimore, Maryland
... Baltimre’s Inner Harbor from Sunday, July 18th to Tuesday, July 20th. Workshops will take place in the hotel as well in smaller meeting rooms equipped with audio visual equipment from Thursday, July 22nd to Friday July 23rd. Maps of the Inner Harbor and surrounding areas are included on the followin ...
... Baltimre’s Inner Harbor from Sunday, July 18th to Tuesday, July 20th. Workshops will take place in the hotel as well in smaller meeting rooms equipped with audio visual equipment from Thursday, July 22nd to Friday July 23rd. Maps of the Inner Harbor and surrounding areas are included on the followin ...
Full PDF
... Hypocretinergic Neurons and Receptors Constitute a Command System for Survival Behaviors The term “command neuron,” which was first presented in 1964, was initially used to describe single cells in the crayfish that control “tail flips,” which this species employs to escape predators (125, 170). The ...
... Hypocretinergic Neurons and Receptors Constitute a Command System for Survival Behaviors The term “command neuron,” which was first presented in 1964, was initially used to describe single cells in the crayfish that control “tail flips,” which this species employs to escape predators (125, 170). The ...
Structure of Receptive Fields in Area 3b of Primary Somatosensory
... determines the neuronal response to complex spatial patterns scanned across the skin. Several lines of evidence suggest that the neural signals that underlie the perception of tactile form and texture on the glabrous skin of the primate fingerpad are conveyed initially by the population of slowly ad ...
... determines the neuronal response to complex spatial patterns scanned across the skin. Several lines of evidence suggest that the neural signals that underlie the perception of tactile form and texture on the glabrous skin of the primate fingerpad are conveyed initially by the population of slowly ad ...
GABAergic neuron distribution in the pedunculopontine nucleus
... efferents to the midbrain dopaminergic systems: the rostral part is preferentially innervated by the basal ganglia output nuclei and projects mainly to the substantia nigra pars compacta, whereas the caudal portion does not receive such inputs and innervates preferentially neurons in the ventral teg ...
... efferents to the midbrain dopaminergic systems: the rostral part is preferentially innervated by the basal ganglia output nuclei and projects mainly to the substantia nigra pars compacta, whereas the caudal portion does not receive such inputs and innervates preferentially neurons in the ventral teg ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Signal Integration in Hypothalamic
... signals and produce an integrated response. We illustrate our research strategy by reviewing our work on two separate neural systems: the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). We have focused on different peptidergic subpopulations within these nuclei to a ...
... signals and produce an integrated response. We illustrate our research strategy by reviewing our work on two separate neural systems: the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). We have focused on different peptidergic subpopulations within these nuclei to a ...
Neural Correlates of Perceived Brightness in the Retina, Lateral
... Figure 2. Spatial configurations of the stimuli. Stimuli were presented so that the central area of the stimulus was centered over the receptive field (shown as a gray oval). Stimuli consisted of the following: ( 1) constant gray center with luminance-modulated flanks (arrows) that resulted in the p ...
... Figure 2. Spatial configurations of the stimuli. Stimuli were presented so that the central area of the stimulus was centered over the receptive field (shown as a gray oval). Stimuli consisted of the following: ( 1) constant gray center with luminance-modulated flanks (arrows) that resulted in the p ...
the inferior colliculus of the rat: quantitative
... For each field, the mean gray level (MF) and the standard deviation of gray values (S.D.F) were measured. From each field (768⫻512 pixels), five to seven neurons among those that showed a nucleus were selected at random by the experimenter. Typically, this number amounted to 70 – 80% of the total numbe ...
... For each field, the mean gray level (MF) and the standard deviation of gray values (S.D.F) were measured. From each field (768⫻512 pixels), five to seven neurons among those that showed a nucleus were selected at random by the experimenter. Typically, this number amounted to 70 – 80% of the total numbe ...
Activities of the Primary and Supplementary Motor Areas Increase in
... years; mean age, 29.5) took part in the present study. All were righthanded, and none of them had a previous history of any neurological or psychiatric disorders. All gave informed consent before the experiment. Behavioral paradigm. The behavioral paradigm was composed of four tasks with a two by tw ...
... years; mean age, 29.5) took part in the present study. All were righthanded, and none of them had a previous history of any neurological or psychiatric disorders. All gave informed consent before the experiment. Behavioral paradigm. The behavioral paradigm was composed of four tasks with a two by tw ...
CO2-pH
... Leksrisawat, B., Cooper, A.S., Gilberts, A.B. and Cooper, R.L. (2010) Muscle Receptor Organs in the Crayfish Abdomen: A Student Laboratory Exercise in Proprioception. Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE). Jove. 45: http://www.jove.com/video/2323/muscle-receptor-organs-crayfishabdomen- student-la ...
... Leksrisawat, B., Cooper, A.S., Gilberts, A.B. and Cooper, R.L. (2010) Muscle Receptor Organs in the Crayfish Abdomen: A Student Laboratory Exercise in Proprioception. Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE). Jove. 45: http://www.jove.com/video/2323/muscle-receptor-organs-crayfishabdomen- student-la ...
Regulation of Neuroblast Cell-Cycle Kinetics Plays a Crucial Role in
... The cohort of labeled neurons that quit the cell cycle during the first round of mitosis after the [ 3H]-thymidine pulse will show maximum levels of labeling (FG neurons). The cohort of labeled precursors that continue to cycle reduce their radioactivity at each subsequent round of division (Hughes ...
... The cohort of labeled neurons that quit the cell cycle during the first round of mitosis after the [ 3H]-thymidine pulse will show maximum levels of labeling (FG neurons). The cohort of labeled precursors that continue to cycle reduce their radioactivity at each subsequent round of division (Hughes ...
Chronic multiunit recordings in behaving animals: advantages and
... potential of the target neuron therefore changes gradually, on a time scale of multiple milliseconds. One can measure this low frequency input signal by measuring the local-field potential (LFP) with electrodes inside the cortex or with EEG-electrodes on the scalp. If the synaptic inputs are suffici ...
... potential of the target neuron therefore changes gradually, on a time scale of multiple milliseconds. One can measure this low frequency input signal by measuring the local-field potential (LFP) with electrodes inside the cortex or with EEG-electrodes on the scalp. If the synaptic inputs are suffici ...
189084_189084 - espace@Curtin
... The three main dopamine cell groups of the brain are located in the substantia nigra (A9), ventral tegmental area (A10), and retrorubral field (A8). Several subdivisions of these cell groups have been identified in rats and humans but have not been well described in mice, despite the increasing use ...
... The three main dopamine cell groups of the brain are located in the substantia nigra (A9), ventral tegmental area (A10), and retrorubral field (A8). Several subdivisions of these cell groups have been identified in rats and humans but have not been well described in mice, despite the increasing use ...
Figure 1 - Journal of Neuroscience
... Figure 1. A, A brain section stained for cytochrome oxidase from marmoset 12W. The ICC is present in this section, shown by the dark staining indicated by the arrow, but the BIN is not, and there are no tracks. B, Another brain section in the same animal located 2.35 mm anterior to the section in A. ...
... Figure 1. A, A brain section stained for cytochrome oxidase from marmoset 12W. The ICC is present in this section, shown by the dark staining indicated by the arrow, but the BIN is not, and there are no tracks. B, Another brain section in the same animal located 2.35 mm anterior to the section in A. ...
What and Where Information in the Caudate Tail Guides Saccades
... 15°, and the center). The task started with the Figure 1. AnatomyoftheCDt.A,AnMRimageincludingthecaudatetail.Theimageplaneistiltedlaterallyby25°inwhichmostofthe presentation of a central spot of light [fixation electrode tracks to the CDt are included. The CDt is indicated by arrows. Below the CDt i ...
... 15°, and the center). The task started with the Figure 1. AnatomyoftheCDt.A,AnMRimageincludingthecaudatetail.Theimageplaneistiltedlaterallyby25°inwhichmostofthe presentation of a central spot of light [fixation electrode tracks to the CDt are included. The CDt is indicated by arrows. Below the CDt i ...
The Emergence of Selective Attention through - laral
... of a visual attention ‘spotlight’, have been later explained by a parallel interactive process. In particular, Bichot, Rossi and Desimone [6] showed how a feature-selection mechanism enhances the activity of the neurons that code for the relevant feature in parallel throughout the visual field, and ...
... of a visual attention ‘spotlight’, have been later explained by a parallel interactive process. In particular, Bichot, Rossi and Desimone [6] showed how a feature-selection mechanism enhances the activity of the neurons that code for the relevant feature in parallel throughout the visual field, and ...
Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies
... Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies 4067 are derived from the same Nb remains to be elucidated (Fig. 1F). Another interesting aspect regarding development of the MB is reorganization of larval MB neurons during metamorphosis (Technau and Heisenberg, 1982). In the CNS, there are three known fates ...
... Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies 4067 are derived from the same Nb remains to be elucidated (Fig. 1F). Another interesting aspect regarding development of the MB is reorganization of larval MB neurons during metamorphosis (Technau and Heisenberg, 1982). In the CNS, there are three known fates ...
Research in Mammalian Mastication1
... sents the repository of distinct oral movement patterns (gnawing, unilateral chewing on right, unilateral chewing on left, suckling, etc.). It can be considered a hypothetical neural network that sets up a mechanical template for various oral movement patterns. The level B interneurons act as the pa ...
... sents the repository of distinct oral movement patterns (gnawing, unilateral chewing on right, unilateral chewing on left, suckling, etc.). It can be considered a hypothetical neural network that sets up a mechanical template for various oral movement patterns. The level B interneurons act as the pa ...
Ventral Medial Nucleus Neurons Send Thalamocortical Afferents
... Not only inhibitory afferent-dominant zone (IZ) of the ventral anterior–ventral lateral thalamic complex (VA-VL) but also the ventral medial nucleus (VM) is known to receive strong inputs from the basal ganglia and send axons to motor areas. We previously reported differences in axonal arborization ...
... Not only inhibitory afferent-dominant zone (IZ) of the ventral anterior–ventral lateral thalamic complex (VA-VL) but also the ventral medial nucleus (VM) is known to receive strong inputs from the basal ganglia and send axons to motor areas. We previously reported differences in axonal arborization ...
Fading memory and kernel properties of generic cortical microcircuit
... always a fixed recurrent circuit can be used for generating x(t). In order to analyze the potential capabilities of this approach, we have introduced in [31] the abstract model of a liquid state machine (LSM), see Fig. 1a. As the name indicates, this model has some weak resemblance to a finite state m ...
... always a fixed recurrent circuit can be used for generating x(t). In order to analyze the potential capabilities of this approach, we have introduced in [31] the abstract model of a liquid state machine (LSM), see Fig. 1a. As the name indicates, this model has some weak resemblance to a finite state m ...
Spike-Wave Complexes and Fast Components of Cortically
... 22% were FRB cells. We did not analyze fast-spiking (FS) neurons that are supposed to represent local-circuit GABAergic neurons (reviewed in Gutnick and Mody 1995) because of their small number in our present sample (2%), the heterogenous characteristics of these neurons (Kawaguchi 1993; Thomson et ...
... 22% were FRB cells. We did not analyze fast-spiking (FS) neurons that are supposed to represent local-circuit GABAergic neurons (reviewed in Gutnick and Mody 1995) because of their small number in our present sample (2%), the heterogenous characteristics of these neurons (Kawaguchi 1993; Thomson et ...
Axo-axonic synapses formed by somatostatin
... morphologically heterogeneous (Peters and Harriman [1990] J. Neurocytol. 19:154 –174), and some terminals lack parvalbumin (PV) and contain calbindin (Del Rio and DeFelipe [1997] J. Comp. Neurol. 342:389 – 408), that is also expressed by many SOM-immunoreactive neurons (Kubota et al. [1994] Brain Re ...
... morphologically heterogeneous (Peters and Harriman [1990] J. Neurocytol. 19:154 –174), and some terminals lack parvalbumin (PV) and contain calbindin (Del Rio and DeFelipe [1997] J. Comp. Neurol. 342:389 – 408), that is also expressed by many SOM-immunoreactive neurons (Kubota et al. [1994] Brain Re ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.