NETMORPH: A Framework for the Stochastic
... is that the branching process of a real growth cone proceeds over a certain period of time, while it is treated in the model as a point process in time. To account for this observation, it is assumed in the model that the daughter branches already appear with a certain initial length (see also Van P ...
... is that the branching process of a real growth cone proceeds over a certain period of time, while it is treated in the model as a point process in time. To account for this observation, it is assumed in the model that the daughter branches already appear with a certain initial length (see also Van P ...
Astrocyteneuron interaction in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal
... min for 10 s each, either at increasing (Fig. 2Aa,b) or at stable concentrations (Fig. 1Bc,Ca,Da). When the interaction of 20 (30 )-O-(4benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine-50 -triphosphate tri(triethylammonium) salt (Bz-ATP) with excitatory amino acid (EAA), GABAA, or P2X7 receptor antagonists was studied, a s ...
... min for 10 s each, either at increasing (Fig. 2Aa,b) or at stable concentrations (Fig. 1Bc,Ca,Da). When the interaction of 20 (30 )-O-(4benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine-50 -triphosphate tri(triethylammonium) salt (Bz-ATP) with excitatory amino acid (EAA), GABAA, or P2X7 receptor antagonists was studied, a s ...
Olfaction in Invertebrates: Manduca. In: Squire LR (ed). Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, vol 7, pp 49-57. Oxford: Academic Press.
... which project to the lip region of the mushroom body (MB) and to the lateral protocerebrum, the LH. PNs in these two pathways have been analyzed more closely by intracellular recordings. PNs in the median antennocerebral tract (m-ACT) code odors by latency differences or specific inhibitory phases i ...
... which project to the lip region of the mushroom body (MB) and to the lateral protocerebrum, the LH. PNs in these two pathways have been analyzed more closely by intracellular recordings. PNs in the median antennocerebral tract (m-ACT) code odors by latency differences or specific inhibitory phases i ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... Figure 1A shows the stimulus set, which consisted of photos of human faces, that was used in the present study. These photos have been previously reported to activate monkey amygdala neurons (Tazumi et al., 2010). The facial photos, which were obtained with five human models, consisted of three head ...
... Figure 1A shows the stimulus set, which consisted of photos of human faces, that was used in the present study. These photos have been previously reported to activate monkey amygdala neurons (Tazumi et al., 2010). The facial photos, which were obtained with five human models, consisted of three head ...
Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and
... disappointing. Mirror neurons that, during naturalistic testing, showed good responses to a hand action made by the experimenter, showed weak or no response when the same action, previously recorded, was shown on the screen. A similar observation was reported by Hari and coworkers in human subjects ...
... disappointing. Mirror neurons that, during naturalistic testing, showed good responses to a hand action made by the experimenter, showed weak or no response when the same action, previously recorded, was shown on the screen. A similar observation was reported by Hari and coworkers in human subjects ...
Local functions for FMRP in axon growth cone motility and activity
... types of classification: long, short spine synapses (Figs. 3C, D). These results indicate that neuronal activity can stimulate the growth of dendritic protrusions, likely both filopodia and spines (including spine synapses), yet FMR1 KO neurons are deficient in these morphologic responses. Instead, ...
... types of classification: long, short spine synapses (Figs. 3C, D). These results indicate that neuronal activity can stimulate the growth of dendritic protrusions, likely both filopodia and spines (including spine synapses), yet FMR1 KO neurons are deficient in these morphologic responses. Instead, ...
Parallel Processing of Appetitive Short- and Long
... [22, 24] and in ab neurons to form LTM [24], suggesting an independence of these two memory phases. However, several results suggest that aversive STM and LTM are not processed by fully independent neuronal pathways. Thus, a more efficient rescue of rut STM or LTM defect is observed when RUT is expr ...
... [22, 24] and in ab neurons to form LTM [24], suggesting an independence of these two memory phases. However, several results suggest that aversive STM and LTM are not processed by fully independent neuronal pathways. Thus, a more efficient rescue of rut STM or LTM defect is observed when RUT is expr ...
Brainstem: neural networks vital for life
... advantages for the study of integrative mechanisms. Thus, afferent inputs to brainstem circuits can be activated precisely to provide a quantitative assessment of input, while output, in the form of motor activity and target organ responses, can be measured directly. This is not practicable in many ...
... advantages for the study of integrative mechanisms. Thus, afferent inputs to brainstem circuits can be activated precisely to provide a quantitative assessment of input, while output, in the form of motor activity and target organ responses, can be measured directly. This is not practicable in many ...
Burst Firing and Modulation of Functional Connectivity in Cat Striate
... firing and modulation of functional connectivity in cat striate cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 730–744, 1998. We studied the influences of the temporal firing patterns of presynaptic cat visual cortical cells on spike generation by postsynaptic cells. Multiunit recordings were dissected into the activ ...
... firing and modulation of functional connectivity in cat striate cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 730–744, 1998. We studied the influences of the temporal firing patterns of presynaptic cat visual cortical cells on spike generation by postsynaptic cells. Multiunit recordings were dissected into the activ ...
Functional maps within a single neuron
... Narayanan R, Johnston D. Functional maps within a single neuron. J Neurophysiol 108: 2343–2351, 2012. First published August 29, 2012; doi:10.1152/jn.00530.2012.—The presence and plasticity of dendritic ion channels are well established. However, the literature is divided on what specific roles thes ...
... Narayanan R, Johnston D. Functional maps within a single neuron. J Neurophysiol 108: 2343–2351, 2012. First published August 29, 2012; doi:10.1152/jn.00530.2012.—The presence and plasticity of dendritic ion channels are well established. However, the literature is divided on what specific roles thes ...
Enhanced Modulation of Neuronal Activity during
... GP might regulate eye movements through the nigro-collicular descending circuitry and through the basal ganglia--thalamocortical pathways. Keywords: antisaccade, globus pallidus, inactivation, physiology, primate ...
... GP might regulate eye movements through the nigro-collicular descending circuitry and through the basal ganglia--thalamocortical pathways. Keywords: antisaccade, globus pallidus, inactivation, physiology, primate ...
The role of spiking nonlinearity in contrast gain control
... has been found: with the increase of the mean contrast level (averaged over a period of 40 s), the contrast–response functions of the neuron shift primarily to the right along the log-contrast axis, suggesting that the cortical neuron could adaptively adjust its limited response range to match preva ...
... has been found: with the increase of the mean contrast level (averaged over a period of 40 s), the contrast–response functions of the neuron shift primarily to the right along the log-contrast axis, suggesting that the cortical neuron could adaptively adjust its limited response range to match preva ...
Shootin1 - The Journal of Cell Biology
... Banker, 1989). This observation led to the proposal that a positive feedback loop and negative regulation among neurites are necessary for neuronal polarization (Goslin and Banker, 1989; Andersen and Bi, 2000; Banker, 2003). A locally acting positive feedback loop may amplify a small stochastic incr ...
... Banker, 1989). This observation led to the proposal that a positive feedback loop and negative regulation among neurites are necessary for neuronal polarization (Goslin and Banker, 1989; Andersen and Bi, 2000; Banker, 2003). A locally acting positive feedback loop may amplify a small stochastic incr ...
Receptive Fields of Second-order Neurons in the Olfactory Bulb of
... electrode, as indicated by the observed negative field potentials. Stimulation of these positions also activated the single neuron, as indicated by a driven spike on the leading edge of the negative field potential. Such driven-spike responses were always associated with negative field potentials an ...
... electrode, as indicated by the observed negative field potentials. Stimulation of these positions also activated the single neuron, as indicated by a driven spike on the leading edge of the negative field potential. Such driven-spike responses were always associated with negative field potentials an ...
Microstructure of the neocortex: Comparative aspects
... extrinsic afferent systems and spiny cells (which include other pyramidal cells and spiny stellate cells). Inhibitory inputs (symmetrical synapses), which mostly originate from GABAergic interneurons, terminate on the dendrites, soma and axon initial segment. These interneurons are interconnected be ...
... extrinsic afferent systems and spiny cells (which include other pyramidal cells and spiny stellate cells). Inhibitory inputs (symmetrical synapses), which mostly originate from GABAergic interneurons, terminate on the dendrites, soma and axon initial segment. These interneurons are interconnected be ...
Signaling by truncated Dab1 protein - Development
... by early CP neurons that remain attached to the radial glia and block outward movement of later CP neurons (Pinto-Lord et al., 1982). However, it is also possible that reelin normally signals to these neurons at a distance, attracting them to migrate to the edge of layer I. Development of the CA1 re ...
... by early CP neurons that remain attached to the radial glia and block outward movement of later CP neurons (Pinto-Lord et al., 1982). However, it is also possible that reelin normally signals to these neurons at a distance, attracting them to migrate to the edge of layer I. Development of the CA1 re ...
Cilia development, morphogenesis, and
... links. Primary cilia are also located on many nondividing cells, and very recently have been shown to have important roles in physiology and development (;, 10). The wide range of primary cilia function is reflected by diversity in morphology and molecular components of each cilium type. Yhile the s ...
... links. Primary cilia are also located on many nondividing cells, and very recently have been shown to have important roles in physiology and development (;, 10). The wide range of primary cilia function is reflected by diversity in morphology and molecular components of each cilium type. Yhile the s ...
Neuronal Interaction Dynamics in Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... the left hemisphere. The exposed cortex was covered with heav y silicone oil. At the end of the experiments, animals were killed with an overdose of sodium pentobarbital. Data acquisition. We recorded responses of single units in the foveal representation in area 17 of the left hemisphere. Stimuli w ...
... the left hemisphere. The exposed cortex was covered with heav y silicone oil. At the end of the experiments, animals were killed with an overdose of sodium pentobarbital. Data acquisition. We recorded responses of single units in the foveal representation in area 17 of the left hemisphere. Stimuli w ...
Distribution of GABA‐like immunoreactivity in the rat amygdaloid
... GABA-Li material. However, the pattern and location of The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the the neurons varied, as did their shapes, the density of their amygdaloid complex has been studied by using specific distribution, and the intensity of the staining in the anti-GABA antibodies ...
... GABA-Li material. However, the pattern and location of The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the the neurons varied, as did their shapes, the density of their amygdaloid complex has been studied by using specific distribution, and the intensity of the staining in the anti-GABA antibodies ...
New Roles for the External Globus Pallidus in Basal Ganglia Circuits
... GABAergic inputs to the subtantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and the resulting reduction in SNr activity helps release actions (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983). Stop cue processing initially involves much faster signaling through STN (⬃15 ms latencies), providing glutamatergic inputs to the same SNr neu ...
... GABAergic inputs to the subtantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and the resulting reduction in SNr activity helps release actions (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983). Stop cue processing initially involves much faster signaling through STN (⬃15 ms latencies), providing glutamatergic inputs to the same SNr neu ...
PRINCIPLES OF NEUROBIOLOGY CHAPTER 6
... olfaction (see Sections 6.1–6.10), the complexity of the vertebrate olfactory system presents many challenges. This complexity is in part due to the large number of processing channels in this system: the mouse genome encodes more than a thousand odorant receptors, and the mouse olfactory bulb has m ...
... olfaction (see Sections 6.1–6.10), the complexity of the vertebrate olfactory system presents many challenges. This complexity is in part due to the large number of processing channels in this system: the mouse genome encodes more than a thousand odorant receptors, and the mouse olfactory bulb has m ...
A new view of the motor cortex
... A specific zone in the motor cortex, sometimes called the polysensory zone, contains a high proportion of neurons that respond to tactile and visual stimuli (Fogassi et al., 1996; Gentilucci et al., 1998; Graziano and Gandhi, 2000; Graziano et al., 1994; Graziano et al., 1997; Rizzolatti et al., 198 ...
... A specific zone in the motor cortex, sometimes called the polysensory zone, contains a high proportion of neurons that respond to tactile and visual stimuli (Fogassi et al., 1996; Gentilucci et al., 1998; Graziano and Gandhi, 2000; Graziano et al., 1994; Graziano et al., 1997; Rizzolatti et al., 198 ...
central effects of centripetal impulses in axons of spinal ventral roots
... employed but the action potentials of a second neuron, which discharged 4-5 times, were recorded. At a position intermediate between the two points (records b), small potential changes indicated the activity of both neurons and perhaps of others as well. Current concepts suggest that the repetitive ...
... employed but the action potentials of a second neuron, which discharged 4-5 times, were recorded. At a position intermediate between the two points (records b), small potential changes indicated the activity of both neurons and perhaps of others as well. Current concepts suggest that the repetitive ...
Print this article - University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life
... The treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) relies heavily on levodopa therapy. Although highly effective in ameliorating the debilitating symptoms of PD, levodopa treatment is largely associated with the development of abnormal involuntary movements. Several studies have suggested that these motor co ...
... The treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) relies heavily on levodopa therapy. Although highly effective in ameliorating the debilitating symptoms of PD, levodopa treatment is largely associated with the development of abnormal involuntary movements. Several studies have suggested that these motor co ...
Hypothalamus
... However, the parvocellular neurons release their secretory products into fenestrated capillaries that drain into the long portal vessels that drain into the anterior lobe. The magnocellular neurons secrete either vasopressin or oxytocin, and are largely concentrated in the supraoptic (SON) and parav ...
... However, the parvocellular neurons release their secretory products into fenestrated capillaries that drain into the long portal vessels that drain into the anterior lobe. The magnocellular neurons secrete either vasopressin or oxytocin, and are largely concentrated in the supraoptic (SON) and parav ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.