Luczak, 2015 - University of Lethbridge
... How long are the activity packets evoked by sensory stimuli? The duration of stimulus-evoked packets can be estimated as the period from response onset to the time at which most neurons cease their stimulusdriven activity. Although small changes in firing rate induced by stimuli can sometimes be fou ...
... How long are the activity packets evoked by sensory stimuli? The duration of stimulus-evoked packets can be estimated as the period from response onset to the time at which most neurons cease their stimulusdriven activity. Although small changes in firing rate induced by stimuli can sometimes be fou ...
tracts - Anatomický ústav 1. LF UK
... b) Deep mechanoreceptors – are in dermis, in muscle fasciae, in periosteum, mesentery and in periodontium: Vater-Pacini and Ruffini bodies. React on pressure, vibration, skin tension, tooth movement. c) receptors in locomotory apparatus Muscle spindles, tendon (Golgi) bodies, joint receptors. The ar ...
... b) Deep mechanoreceptors – are in dermis, in muscle fasciae, in periosteum, mesentery and in periodontium: Vater-Pacini and Ruffini bodies. React on pressure, vibration, skin tension, tooth movement. c) receptors in locomotory apparatus Muscle spindles, tendon (Golgi) bodies, joint receptors. The ar ...
electrophysiological studies of rat substantia nigra neurons in an in
... Although the precise mechanism of delayed neuronal degeneration in the SNR following MCA occlusion is not known, there is increasing evidence that the excessive excitation induced by a loss of an inhibitory GABAergic input from the neostriatum and/or the globus pallidus plays a major role. The delay ...
... Although the precise mechanism of delayed neuronal degeneration in the SNR following MCA occlusion is not known, there is increasing evidence that the excessive excitation induced by a loss of an inhibitory GABAergic input from the neostriatum and/or the globus pallidus plays a major role. The delay ...
- Columbia University Medical Center
... 1980). Motor pools have been linked to three main features of motor organization. First, all neurons within a motor pool project to a single muscle target in the limb (Landmesser, 1978a, 1978b). Second, all receive monosynaptic input from proprioceptive sensory neurons that supply the same muscle ta ...
... 1980). Motor pools have been linked to three main features of motor organization. First, all neurons within a motor pool project to a single muscle target in the limb (Landmesser, 1978a, 1978b). Second, all receive monosynaptic input from proprioceptive sensory neurons that supply the same muscle ta ...
Disruption of Target Interactions Prevents the Development of
... developmental mechanismsthat give rise to the differential expression of neuropeptides by individual neurons are incompletely understood. One of the first stepstoward understanding how diverse peptidergic phenotypes are generated is elucidating the pattern of peptide expressionduring normal developm ...
... developmental mechanismsthat give rise to the differential expression of neuropeptides by individual neurons are incompletely understood. One of the first stepstoward understanding how diverse peptidergic phenotypes are generated is elucidating the pattern of peptide expressionduring normal developm ...
Predictive Coding: A Possible Explanation of Filling
... the learned statistical regularities, and send that prediction signal to the lower area by feedback connection. In response to this top-down information, lower area sends a residual error signal to the higher area, by feed-forward connection, to correct the next prediction. This idea is based on the ...
... the learned statistical regularities, and send that prediction signal to the lower area by feedback connection. In response to this top-down information, lower area sends a residual error signal to the higher area, by feed-forward connection, to correct the next prediction. This idea is based on the ...
Feeding Stimulants Activate an Identified Dopaminergic Interneuron
... al. 1994). Second, dopaminergic neurons, whose activation mimics the effects of dopamine superfusion, have rarely been identified. Third, there is diversity of dopamine receptors both within and across species (Ascher 1972; Berry and Cottrell; 1975; Green et al. 1996; Lo and Weiss 1994; Magoski et a ...
... al. 1994). Second, dopaminergic neurons, whose activation mimics the effects of dopamine superfusion, have rarely been identified. Third, there is diversity of dopamine receptors both within and across species (Ascher 1972; Berry and Cottrell; 1975; Green et al. 1996; Lo and Weiss 1994; Magoski et a ...
Visual Categorization and the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... required them to judge whether two successive stimuli were from the same category (Fig. 2). The trial began when the monkey grasped a metal bar and fixated a small (0.3°) white spot at the center of a CRT screen. They were required to maintain gaze within a ⫾2° square window around the fixation spot ...
... required them to judge whether two successive stimuli were from the same category (Fig. 2). The trial began when the monkey grasped a metal bar and fixated a small (0.3°) white spot at the center of a CRT screen. They were required to maintain gaze within a ⫾2° square window around the fixation spot ...
Ascending Sensory Pathways
... vary according to their morphology, the velocity of conduction, and the modality to which they respond, as well as to their location in the body, they generally all function in a similar fashion. The stimulus to which a specific receptor responds causes an alteration in the ionic permeability of the ...
... vary according to their morphology, the velocity of conduction, and the modality to which they respond, as well as to their location in the body, they generally all function in a similar fashion. The stimulus to which a specific receptor responds causes an alteration in the ionic permeability of the ...
Cortical Algorithms for Perceptual Grouping
... how perceptual grouping may be implemented in the visual cortex. According to this framework, two mechanisms are responsible for perceptual grouping: base-grouping and incremental grouping. Base-groupings are coded by single neurons tuned to multiple features, like the combination of a color and an ...
... how perceptual grouping may be implemented in the visual cortex. According to this framework, two mechanisms are responsible for perceptual grouping: base-grouping and incremental grouping. Base-groupings are coded by single neurons tuned to multiple features, like the combination of a color and an ...
Topographic Organization of Corticospinal Projections from the
... separate representations of the arm and leg. In addition, our findings provide evidence that the PMd contains a substantial distal representation of the forelimb, as well as a proximal representation. We confirmed our prior observation that the PMv has a corticospinal projection that is largely focu ...
... separate representations of the arm and leg. In addition, our findings provide evidence that the PMd contains a substantial distal representation of the forelimb, as well as a proximal representation. We confirmed our prior observation that the PMv has a corticospinal projection that is largely focu ...
descending projections from the trigeminal ganglion and
... TG and MTN neurons have similarities and differences in their neurochemical content. On the one hand, both central and peripheral trigeminal primary afferent neurons express, indeed to a varying degree, classical transmitters. Taken together with the existing neuroanatomical and electrophysiological ...
... TG and MTN neurons have similarities and differences in their neurochemical content. On the one hand, both central and peripheral trigeminal primary afferent neurons express, indeed to a varying degree, classical transmitters. Taken together with the existing neuroanatomical and electrophysiological ...
Neuronal subtype specification in the cerebral cortex
... neurons to their final locations in the cortical plate by serving as a migratory scaffolding6,23. More recently, several studies have provided direct evidence that at least some radial glia also function as progenitors that make major contributions to cortical neurogenesis22,33–38 by generating pyra ...
... neurons to their final locations in the cortical plate by serving as a migratory scaffolding6,23. More recently, several studies have provided direct evidence that at least some radial glia also function as progenitors that make major contributions to cortical neurogenesis22,33–38 by generating pyra ...
Self-referential forces are sufficient to explain different dendritic
... influences, cues generated by the neuron itself, might influence morphology. To this end, we developed a phenomenological model and algorithm to generate virtual morphologies, which are then compared to experimentally reconstructed morphologies. In the model, branching probability follows a Galton–W ...
... influences, cues generated by the neuron itself, might influence morphology. To this end, we developed a phenomenological model and algorithm to generate virtual morphologies, which are then compared to experimentally reconstructed morphologies. In the model, branching probability follows a Galton–W ...
![[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/005320946_1-6eb469e446a066f466aecf70147008ff-300x300.png)
[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL
... that accordingly has a net-like (reticular) appearance. The neurons have long radiating dendrites that extend out through passing fibers and thus have the capacity to receive input from those fibers and their multiple sources. From the medulla through the pons and into the midbrain, the reticular ne ...
... that accordingly has a net-like (reticular) appearance. The neurons have long radiating dendrites that extend out through passing fibers and thus have the capacity to receive input from those fibers and their multiple sources. From the medulla through the pons and into the midbrain, the reticular ne ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... primarily focused in three areas: (1) Effect of reverberation on the directional sensitivity and coding of amplitude envelope in inferior colliculus (IC) neurons; (2) Neural coding of the pitch of harmonic complex tones in the auditory nerve (AN) and cochlear nucleus (CN); (3) Adaptive mechanisms fo ...
... primarily focused in three areas: (1) Effect of reverberation on the directional sensitivity and coding of amplitude envelope in inferior colliculus (IC) neurons; (2) Neural coding of the pitch of harmonic complex tones in the auditory nerve (AN) and cochlear nucleus (CN); (3) Adaptive mechanisms fo ...
Musings on the Wanderer: What`s New in Our Understanding of
... lack of one or more requisite trophic factors from the target organ. In fact, a recent study demonstrated that the degeneration of DMNV neurons after vagal injury was significantly reduced by a bolus administration of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF)-1 or acidic FGF to the vagus nerve trunk immediat ...
... lack of one or more requisite trophic factors from the target organ. In fact, a recent study demonstrated that the degeneration of DMNV neurons after vagal injury was significantly reduced by a bolus administration of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF)-1 or acidic FGF to the vagus nerve trunk immediat ...
ppt - IISER Pune
... Dan H Sanes, Thomas A Reh, William A Harris. Development of the Nervous System 2005 – Chapter 8 ...
... Dan H Sanes, Thomas A Reh, William A Harris. Development of the Nervous System 2005 – Chapter 8 ...
Virtual Fly Brain – under the hood.
... the partonomy is complicated – parts of neurons are part of various structures. Where are the synapses, what is their direction ? What is the lineage of the neurons? What neurotransmitters do they release ? What functions are they implicated in ? ...
... the partonomy is complicated – parts of neurons are part of various structures. Where are the synapses, what is their direction ? What is the lineage of the neurons? What neurotransmitters do they release ? What functions are they implicated in ? ...
Tactile orientation perception: an ideal observer analysis of human
... total of 1-s stimulation. Each bar extended to the edges of the 400-probe array. From an initial set of 46 neuronal recordings, designated as good or excellent in isolation quality (data generously provided by S. Bensmaia), we eliminated four neurons that responded only weakly to the bar stimuli (ev ...
... total of 1-s stimulation. Each bar extended to the edges of the 400-probe array. From an initial set of 46 neuronal recordings, designated as good or excellent in isolation quality (data generously provided by S. Bensmaia), we eliminated four neurons that responded only weakly to the bar stimuli (ev ...
Chapter 14a - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... An individual can feel pain in an uninjured part of the body when pain actually originates at another location Strong visceral pain Sensations arriving at segment of spinal cord can stimulate interneurons that are part of spinothalamic pathway Activity in interneurons leads to stimulation of ...
... An individual can feel pain in an uninjured part of the body when pain actually originates at another location Strong visceral pain Sensations arriving at segment of spinal cord can stimulate interneurons that are part of spinothalamic pathway Activity in interneurons leads to stimulation of ...
Neural correlates of a decision in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of
... motion-discrimination and memory-saccade tasks. The response field of the neuron is shown in gray. The arrow indicates the direction of the monkey’s saccade at the end of the trial. (a, b) Response on memory saccades to targets in (a) and out (b) of the RF. The time axis is broken to align the respo ...
... motion-discrimination and memory-saccade tasks. The response field of the neuron is shown in gray. The arrow indicates the direction of the monkey’s saccade at the end of the trial. (a, b) Response on memory saccades to targets in (a) and out (b) of the RF. The time axis is broken to align the respo ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit
... Mirror neurons in area VIP in the monkey have been described by Ishida and colleagues98. Previous studies showed that VIP neurons encode tactile and visual stimuli delivered in the peripersonal space of the monkey99,100. Ishida and colleagues showed that some of these neurons also respond to stimuli ...
... Mirror neurons in area VIP in the monkey have been described by Ishida and colleagues98. Previous studies showed that VIP neurons encode tactile and visual stimuli delivered in the peripersonal space of the monkey99,100. Ishida and colleagues showed that some of these neurons also respond to stimuli ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit: interpretations
... Mirror neurons in area VIP in the monkey have been described by Ishida and colleagues98. Previous studies showed that VIP neurons encode tactile and visual stimuli delivered in the peripersonal space of the monkey99,100. Ishida and colleagues showed that some of these neurons also respond to stimuli ...
... Mirror neurons in area VIP in the monkey have been described by Ishida and colleagues98. Previous studies showed that VIP neurons encode tactile and visual stimuli delivered in the peripersonal space of the monkey99,100. Ishida and colleagues showed that some of these neurons also respond to stimuli ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.