Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early in human development, adults tend to imitate the ...
... which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early in human development, adults tend to imitate the ...
Cuneiform Neurons Activated during
... data from AS-carbachol cats with those from animals in quiet wakef ulness. In the present report, we examined, as before, two control cats in which the same procedures were followed, except that 0.1 l of saline was injected instead of carbachol. Four additional control animals, which were awake, we ...
... data from AS-carbachol cats with those from animals in quiet wakef ulness. In the present report, we examined, as before, two control cats in which the same procedures were followed, except that 0.1 l of saline was injected instead of carbachol. Four additional control animals, which were awake, we ...
Behavioral dopamine signals
... activation following an unpredicted reward (positive-prediction error; top), no response to a fully expected reward (no prediction error; middle), and depression following omission of a predicted reward (negative-prediction error; bottom). (b) Reward-prediction-error coding in a blocking paradigm: a ...
... activation following an unpredicted reward (positive-prediction error; top), no response to a fully expected reward (no prediction error; middle), and depression following omission of a predicted reward (negative-prediction error; bottom). (b) Reward-prediction-error coding in a blocking paradigm: a ...
the functional properties of the light
... large classes of neurons, other than light-sensitive cells, that have been identified in area 7 (Hyvarinen and Poranen, 1974; Leinonen et al., 1979; Mountcastle et al., 1975; Lynch et al., 1973a, b, 1977; Sakata et al., 1977, 1978, 1980; Yin and Mountcastle, 1977). The present study is an extension ...
... large classes of neurons, other than light-sensitive cells, that have been identified in area 7 (Hyvarinen and Poranen, 1974; Leinonen et al., 1979; Mountcastle et al., 1975; Lynch et al., 1973a, b, 1977; Sakata et al., 1977, 1978, 1980; Yin and Mountcastle, 1977). The present study is an extension ...
Viewpoint - Columbia University
... a common crossing timescale tc out of such a heterogeneous neuronal population. Any explanation involving the dynamics of isolated single neurons would suffer from severe fine-tuning problems. The crossing time of a single neuron would depend sensitively on the strength of top-down inputs and bottom ...
... a common crossing timescale tc out of such a heterogeneous neuronal population. Any explanation involving the dynamics of isolated single neurons would suffer from severe fine-tuning problems. The crossing time of a single neuron would depend sensitively on the strength of top-down inputs and bottom ...
Pathways for emotions and memory
... basolateral nucleus; BM, basomedial nucleus (also known as accessory basal); CA1–CA4, cornu Ammonis hippocampal fields of Lorente de Nó (Lorente de Nó, 1934); CB, calbindin; Cdc, central densocellular nucleus; Ce, central nucleus; Clc, central latocellular nucleus; Csl, central superior lateral nu ...
... basolateral nucleus; BM, basomedial nucleus (also known as accessory basal); CA1–CA4, cornu Ammonis hippocampal fields of Lorente de Nó (Lorente de Nó, 1934); CB, calbindin; Cdc, central densocellular nucleus; Ce, central nucleus; Clc, central latocellular nucleus; Csl, central superior lateral nu ...
neuronal coding of prediction errors
... have developed this neurobiological theory of learning by arguing that the synaptic connection weights between model neurons are controlled by the prediction error in the form of the Delta learning rule (Widrow & Hoff 1960), which is based on the LMS (least mean square) error procedure of process co ...
... have developed this neurobiological theory of learning by arguing that the synaptic connection weights between model neurons are controlled by the prediction error in the form of the Delta learning rule (Widrow & Hoff 1960), which is based on the LMS (least mean square) error procedure of process co ...
A Neuronal Model of Predictive Coding Accounting for the
... that this model is based on learning the statistical temporal dependencies linking the stimuli within the past few hundred milliseconds. A memory of the recent past is needed to achieve such a goal. This memory has to keep the trace of two properties: the identity of the past inputs and the time ela ...
... that this model is based on learning the statistical temporal dependencies linking the stimuli within the past few hundred milliseconds. A memory of the recent past is needed to achieve such a goal. This memory has to keep the trace of two properties: the identity of the past inputs and the time ela ...
Neuronal Activation in the Medulla Oblongata During Selective
... same neural pathways may be involved in each. Our interest is in which part of these pathways are involved when only the LAR is elicited. Because the LAR can be elicited using a single stimulus (Sasaki and Suzuki 1976), we used a very low rate of stimulation, 0.5 Hz, to prevent the occurrence of swa ...
... same neural pathways may be involved in each. Our interest is in which part of these pathways are involved when only the LAR is elicited. Because the LAR can be elicited using a single stimulus (Sasaki and Suzuki 1976), we used a very low rate of stimulation, 0.5 Hz, to prevent the occurrence of swa ...
Chapter 15 - Houston Community College Learning Web
... • Carry sensations of fast pain, or prickling pain, such as that caused by an injection or a deep cut • Sensations reach the CNS quickly and often trigger somatic reflexes ...
... • Carry sensations of fast pain, or prickling pain, such as that caused by an injection or a deep cut • Sensations reach the CNS quickly and often trigger somatic reflexes ...
Olfactory Coding in the Honeybee Lateral Horn
... the shape of the activated LH region (see Figure 1B) corresponded to the pattern of projections of l-APT neurons, which innervate the most rostral region of the LH [12]. We then analyzed the spatial organization of odor signals in the LH. Figure 2A shows activity patterns recorded in one animal upon ...
... the shape of the activated LH region (see Figure 1B) corresponded to the pattern of projections of l-APT neurons, which innervate the most rostral region of the LH [12]. We then analyzed the spatial organization of odor signals in the LH. Figure 2A shows activity patterns recorded in one animal upon ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early in human development, adults tend to imitate the ...
... which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early in human development, adults tend to imitate the ...
Dynamics of Learning and Recall ... Recurrent Synapses and Cholinergic Modulation
... previously modified synapsesduring learning could result in excessive enhancementof synaptic strength within a cortical region (Hasselmoet al., 1992; Hasselmo,1994a). In modelsof the cortex with recurrent excitatory synapses, these problems have been avoided with unrealistic features. Models that us ...
... previously modified synapsesduring learning could result in excessive enhancementof synaptic strength within a cortical region (Hasselmoet al., 1992; Hasselmo,1994a). In modelsof the cortex with recurrent excitatory synapses, these problems have been avoided with unrealistic features. Models that us ...
Neural Syntax: Cell Assemblies, Synapsembles, and
... constant t.4 A group of upstream neurons, whose spike discharges occur within the window of the membrane time constant of the reader-integrator neuron, and trigger an action potential, can be regarded as a meaningful neuronal assembly from the viewpoint of the reader neuron. Action potentials of oth ...
... constant t.4 A group of upstream neurons, whose spike discharges occur within the window of the membrane time constant of the reader-integrator neuron, and trigger an action potential, can be regarded as a meaningful neuronal assembly from the viewpoint of the reader neuron. Action potentials of oth ...
A Comparison of Neural Spike Classification Techniques.
... associated with the Medial Sensillum. The first classification technique to be discussed is template matching [1,2]. Each class is associated with a template vector. In our case the templates are identical to the ensemble averages. The template method computes the root of the squared difference betw ...
... associated with the Medial Sensillum. The first classification technique to be discussed is template matching [1,2]. Each class is associated with a template vector. In our case the templates are identical to the ensemble averages. The template method computes the root of the squared difference betw ...
The role of the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus in the central
... hypothalamic areas in ad libitum fed control rats, as well as in fasted rats. Following refeeding, the number of Fos expressing cells increased throughout the DMH, however, one well circumscribed region in the nucleus, contained a particularly high density of activated cells throughout the rostro-ca ...
... hypothalamic areas in ad libitum fed control rats, as well as in fasted rats. Following refeeding, the number of Fos expressing cells increased throughout the DMH, however, one well circumscribed region in the nucleus, contained a particularly high density of activated cells throughout the rostro-ca ...
Diversity and wiring variability of visual local neurons in the
... Modulated by amacrine cells ramifying horizontally within specific strata or vertically over several strata (MacNeil and Masland, 1998; MacNeil et al., 1999), complex visual signals become progressively more selectively tuned as they proceed through a series of synaptic sublamina (Sanes and Zipursky ...
... Modulated by amacrine cells ramifying horizontally within specific strata or vertically over several strata (MacNeil and Masland, 1998; MacNeil et al., 1999), complex visual signals become progressively more selectively tuned as they proceed through a series of synaptic sublamina (Sanes and Zipursky ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early in human development, adults tend to imitate the ...
... which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early in human development, adults tend to imitate the ...
Stimulation of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Decreases
... Although the CeM receives strong excitatory inputs from the insula (McDonald, 1998), it proved surprisingly difficult to synaptically activate CeM neurons from Figure 1. Histological identification of recording ( A) and stimulating ( B) sites. A, Electrolytic lesions (arrows) made along two this sit ...
... Although the CeM receives strong excitatory inputs from the insula (McDonald, 1998), it proved surprisingly difficult to synaptically activate CeM neurons from Figure 1. Histological identification of recording ( A) and stimulating ( B) sites. A, Electrolytic lesions (arrows) made along two this sit ...
Viral vector-based tools advance knowledge of basal ganglia
... associative, memory, and learning processes (Bolam et al. 2000), including reward-related learning, behavioral reinforcement, addiction, arousal, selection, and initiation of movement (Albin et al. 1989; Bolam et al. 2000). BG nuclei receive inputs from the cerebral cortex and the thalamus (Wilson 1 ...
... associative, memory, and learning processes (Bolam et al. 2000), including reward-related learning, behavioral reinforcement, addiction, arousal, selection, and initiation of movement (Albin et al. 1989; Bolam et al. 2000). BG nuclei receive inputs from the cerebral cortex and the thalamus (Wilson 1 ...
Non-NMDA and NMDA receptors transmit area postrema input to
... one were polysynaptically activated by ADN stimulation. The mean onset latency for AP-evoked action potentials was 10.1 6 3.4 (mean 6 SD) ms. As we have previously shown for NTS neurons receiving combined AP and ADN inputs (5), ADN stimulation evoked action potentials having either a long-onset late ...
... one were polysynaptically activated by ADN stimulation. The mean onset latency for AP-evoked action potentials was 10.1 6 3.4 (mean 6 SD) ms. As we have previously shown for NTS neurons receiving combined AP and ADN inputs (5), ADN stimulation evoked action potentials having either a long-onset late ...
invariant face and object recognition in the visual system
... degradation (fault tolerance), and some locality to the representation, so that some single neurons which receive inputs from such a representation can obtain sufficient information without requiring an enormous fan in, that is number of synapses (Rolls et al., 1996a). (The number of synapses per ne ...
... degradation (fault tolerance), and some locality to the representation, so that some single neurons which receive inputs from such a representation can obtain sufficient information without requiring an enormous fan in, that is number of synapses (Rolls et al., 1996a). (The number of synapses per ne ...
Functional Specialization Within the Cat Red Nucleus
... Fetz and Cheney (1980) developed the technique of spiketriggered averaging of electromyography (EMG) to detect functional relations between cellular activity and muscle activation. By synchronizing the EMG records to the activity of a single neuron it is possible, with sufficient averaging, to detec ...
... Fetz and Cheney (1980) developed the technique of spiketriggered averaging of electromyography (EMG) to detect functional relations between cellular activity and muscle activation. By synchronizing the EMG records to the activity of a single neuron it is possible, with sufficient averaging, to detec ...
Ectopic sensory neurons in mutant cockroaches
... Staining of afferents and interneurons The heads and legs were removed from cold-anaesthetised animals, which were immobilised ventral surface uppermost in insect wax. A drop of insect saline confined by petroleum jelly was placed on the animal to prevent desiccation. A thin-walled microelectrode wa ...
... Staining of afferents and interneurons The heads and legs were removed from cold-anaesthetised animals, which were immobilised ventral surface uppermost in insect wax. A drop of insect saline confined by petroleum jelly was placed on the animal to prevent desiccation. A thin-walled microelectrode wa ...
PERSPECTIVES
... between the observed action they responded to and the executed action that triggered their discharge. It therefore seems that there are three interconnected areas in the monkey brain that contain neurons that are responsive to biological movements. These areas differ in their motor properties. In F5 ...
... between the observed action they responded to and the executed action that triggered their discharge. It therefore seems that there are three interconnected areas in the monkey brain that contain neurons that are responsive to biological movements. These areas differ in their motor properties. In F5 ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.