The Structure of Spatial Receptive Fields of Neurons in Primary
... In the present study, stimuli derived from the same transient signals were used, and sound-source directions were referred to the same spherical coordinate system centered on the cat’s interaural plane that covered 3608 in azimuth and 1268 in elevation. Measurements were not made at elevations below ...
... In the present study, stimuli derived from the same transient signals were used, and sound-source directions were referred to the same spherical coordinate system centered on the cat’s interaural plane that covered 3608 in azimuth and 1268 in elevation. Measurements were not made at elevations below ...
Visual Motion-Detection Circuits in Flies: Small
... Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of nematoceran and brachyceran Diptera, based mostly on morphological characters and reconstructed after Wood and Borkent (1989), Woodly (1989), McAlpine (1989), Sinclair et al. (1993), and Cumming et al. (1995). Camera lucida drawings of insects illustrate the m ...
... Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of nematoceran and brachyceran Diptera, based mostly on morphological characters and reconstructed after Wood and Borkent (1989), Woodly (1989), McAlpine (1989), Sinclair et al. (1993), and Cumming et al. (1995). Camera lucida drawings of insects illustrate the m ...
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... nerve fibres were very abundant in the SO ganglionated plexus. Some of them expressed simultaneously immunoreactivity for SP, and many SP-positive only nerve terminals were also found within the ganglia and in nerve bundles closely associated with the SO muscle. These CGRP and/or SP-positive fibres ...
... nerve fibres were very abundant in the SO ganglionated plexus. Some of them expressed simultaneously immunoreactivity for SP, and many SP-positive only nerve terminals were also found within the ganglia and in nerve bundles closely associated with the SO muscle. These CGRP and/or SP-positive fibres ...
Title - HAL
... Neuronal dendrites display an astonishing diversity in shape. This part of the nerve cells is important for several reasons. Firstly, it strongly influences the information processing performed by the cell, though how this influence is exercised is still debated. Secondly, the shape of dendritic arb ...
... Neuronal dendrites display an astonishing diversity in shape. This part of the nerve cells is important for several reasons. Firstly, it strongly influences the information processing performed by the cell, though how this influence is exercised is still debated. Secondly, the shape of dendritic arb ...
A compensatory subpopulation of motor neurons in a mouse model
... in the sternomastoid) looked like those in controls (Fig. 1C2); at the rest, postsynaptic sites were AChR-poor and disorganized in shape (Fig. 1C3), suggesting that they had been denervated for several weeks (Frank et al., 1975; Rich and Lichtman, 1989). At another set of junctions, postsynaptic sit ...
... in the sternomastoid) looked like those in controls (Fig. 1C2); at the rest, postsynaptic sites were AChR-poor and disorganized in shape (Fig. 1C3), suggesting that they had been denervated for several weeks (Frank et al., 1975; Rich and Lichtman, 1989). At another set of junctions, postsynaptic sit ...
A Brainstem Network Mediating Apneic Reflexes in the Rat
... Apnea is an important protective response to upper airway irritation, but the central mechanisms responsible for eliciting sensory-induced apnea are not well understood. Recent studies have emphasized the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus in producing apnea and proposed a trigeminoparabrachial pathway for medi ...
... Apnea is an important protective response to upper airway irritation, but the central mechanisms responsible for eliciting sensory-induced apnea are not well understood. Recent studies have emphasized the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus in producing apnea and proposed a trigeminoparabrachial pathway for medi ...
Very short-term plasticity in hippocampal synapses
... Lateral inhibition, however, seems inadequate to explain the magnitude of depression observed in Fig. 1; the PPR at 5 msec measured as a fraction of peak PPR is 0.45. Because the average release probability of synapses is about 0.2 (11, 14), most synapses (;80%) would fail to release a quantum of ne ...
... Lateral inhibition, however, seems inadequate to explain the magnitude of depression observed in Fig. 1; the PPR at 5 msec measured as a fraction of peak PPR is 0.45. Because the average release probability of synapses is about 0.2 (11, 14), most synapses (;80%) would fail to release a quantum of ne ...
ALS - AJNR Blog
... • Evidence of UMN degeneration by clinical examination • Progressive spread of symptoms or signs within a region or to other regions (The body is divided into four regions: cranial, cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral) ...
... • Evidence of UMN degeneration by clinical examination • Progressive spread of symptoms or signs within a region or to other regions (The body is divided into four regions: cranial, cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral) ...
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... To identify lineage-specific miRNAs that may regulate development and function of neurons in the postnatal hippocampus, we profiled mature miRNA expression in adult hippocampal neuroprogenitors (A94-NSCs) differentiated into either neuronal or astrocytic lineages and compared the miRNA profile in undif ...
... To identify lineage-specific miRNAs that may regulate development and function of neurons in the postnatal hippocampus, we profiled mature miRNA expression in adult hippocampal neuroprogenitors (A94-NSCs) differentiated into either neuronal or astrocytic lineages and compared the miRNA profile in undif ...
Neuroanatomy and function of brain structures involved in the
... some cell groups in which cFos was activated by suckling stimulus. These cell groups were mainly found in the PPN and ventrolateral medulla (VLM) (Li et al 1999). In this study the tracer spread over the border of the ARC. Several neuropeptides and neurotransmitters were identified in the cell group ...
... some cell groups in which cFos was activated by suckling stimulus. These cell groups were mainly found in the PPN and ventrolateral medulla (VLM) (Li et al 1999). In this study the tracer spread over the border of the ARC. Several neuropeptides and neurotransmitters were identified in the cell group ...
The organization of the central control of micturition in cats and
... medullary reticular formation, which can be seen as the rostral extent of the spinal intermediate zone (Holstege et al., 1977). Most of these interneurons project to motoneurons at the same level or at levels rostral or caudal to where interneurons are located. The majority of the premotor interneur ...
... medullary reticular formation, which can be seen as the rostral extent of the spinal intermediate zone (Holstege et al., 1977). Most of these interneurons project to motoneurons at the same level or at levels rostral or caudal to where interneurons are located. The majority of the premotor interneur ...
Heterotopic Transcallosal Projections Are Present throughout the
... (Jacobson and Trojanowski, 1974; Wise and Jones, 1976). Later studies used biotinylated dextran amines (BDAs) to describe their organization in more detail and provide a more refined understanding of global connectivity in the cortex (Yorke and Caviness, 1975; Aboitiz and Montiel, 2003; Schüz et al. ...
... (Jacobson and Trojanowski, 1974; Wise and Jones, 1976). Later studies used biotinylated dextran amines (BDAs) to describe their organization in more detail and provide a more refined understanding of global connectivity in the cortex (Yorke and Caviness, 1975; Aboitiz and Montiel, 2003; Schüz et al. ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... A second 150 ms window was taken starting from the time of the third unreinforced lick in the FR5 cycle and these spikes were similarly placed into 10 15-ms bins. The spike train for this unreinforced lick was chosen to represent the background activity before tastant administration because the thir ...
... A second 150 ms window was taken starting from the time of the third unreinforced lick in the FR5 cycle and these spikes were similarly placed into 10 15-ms bins. The spike train for this unreinforced lick was chosen to represent the background activity before tastant administration because the thir ...
Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the rat
... leakage of the active substances by diffusion. Current balancing techniques and current tests (Stone, 1985) were routinely done via the saline-containing barrel. Dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons were first localized using the DRN stereotaxic coordinates. The micropipettes with a 15° caudo-rostral ...
... leakage of the active substances by diffusion. Current balancing techniques and current tests (Stone, 1985) were routinely done via the saline-containing barrel. Dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons were first localized using the DRN stereotaxic coordinates. The micropipettes with a 15° caudo-rostral ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... A second 150 ms window was taken starting from the time of the third unreinforced lick in the FR5 cycle and these spikes were similarly placed into 10 15-ms bins. The spike train for this unreinforced lick was chosen to represent the background activity before tastant administration because the thir ...
... A second 150 ms window was taken starting from the time of the third unreinforced lick in the FR5 cycle and these spikes were similarly placed into 10 15-ms bins. The spike train for this unreinforced lick was chosen to represent the background activity before tastant administration because the thir ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... "clinical" type of testing was designed to allow analysis of neuronal responses related to feeding, or to the presentation of aversive objects. Various food, non-food and aversive objects were presented and brought towards the animal, and in the case of foods, fed to the animal. Measurements of the ...
... "clinical" type of testing was designed to allow analysis of neuronal responses related to feeding, or to the presentation of aversive objects. Various food, non-food and aversive objects were presented and brought towards the animal, and in the case of foods, fed to the animal. Measurements of the ...
Basal Ganglia: Mechanisms for Action Selection
... output can lead to SNr/GPi activity in many channels increasing above their tonic rate at the time of action selection – a phenomenon termed contrast enhancement. This makes functional sense: an enhanced tonic inhibitory signal being output from most channels indicates a definite nonselection of tha ...
... output can lead to SNr/GPi activity in many channels increasing above their tonic rate at the time of action selection – a phenomenon termed contrast enhancement. This makes functional sense: an enhanced tonic inhibitory signal being output from most channels indicates a definite nonselection of tha ...
View PDF - Laboratory of Brain, Hearing and Behavior
... representation of those priorities [1!,3,9]. This represwww.sciencedirect.com ...
... representation of those priorities [1!,3,9]. This represwww.sciencedirect.com ...
15-2 Sensory Receptors
... potentials at a frequency that reflects the background level of stimulation. When the stimulus increases or decreases, the rate of action potential generation changes accordingly. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... potentials at a frequency that reflects the background level of stimulation. When the stimulus increases or decreases, the rate of action potential generation changes accordingly. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
a needle into the sub- and the dorsal funiculi. Preganglionic
... dorsal spinocerebellar tract. The ventral spinocerebellar tract originates from cells in lamrnae V-M and Vll as well as from neurons with cell bodies at the edge of the gray matter of the ventral horn in the lumbar segments. The latter are known as spinal border cells. The intermediolateral cell col ...
... dorsal spinocerebellar tract. The ventral spinocerebellar tract originates from cells in lamrnae V-M and Vll as well as from neurons with cell bodies at the edge of the gray matter of the ventral horn in the lumbar segments. The latter are known as spinal border cells. The intermediolateral cell col ...
Modulation of Neuronal Activity in the Monkey Putamen Associated
... computer also controlled the measurements of task performance. Electrooculograms (EOGs) were collected during neuronal recordings with the chronically implanted periorbital electrodes. Horizontal components of the eye position were digitized at 200 Hz and stored during each block of trials, concomit ...
... computer also controlled the measurements of task performance. Electrooculograms (EOGs) were collected during neuronal recordings with the chronically implanted periorbital electrodes. Horizontal components of the eye position were digitized at 200 Hz and stored during each block of trials, concomit ...
A Motion-sensitive Area in Ferret Extrastriate
... neuron’s response latency. In other words: a response at time t = x ms was related to a stimulus direction at t = (x – latency) ms. Unless otherwise determined, this latency was set to a fixed value of t = 100 ms, i.e. the assumed average response latency for a sample of 305 neurons (210 and 95 direc ...
... neuron’s response latency. In other words: a response at time t = x ms was related to a stimulus direction at t = (x – latency) ms. Unless otherwise determined, this latency was set to a fixed value of t = 100 ms, i.e. the assumed average response latency for a sample of 305 neurons (210 and 95 direc ...
Development of Subcellular mRNA Compartmentation in
... of particular mRNAs into dendrites, which together create the capacity for local synthesis of particular proteins, play a key role in establishing the molecular domains that allow dendrites to function as they do. Given the fact that RNA sorting and transport mechanisms are such prominent features o ...
... of particular mRNAs into dendrites, which together create the capacity for local synthesis of particular proteins, play a key role in establishing the molecular domains that allow dendrites to function as they do. Given the fact that RNA sorting and transport mechanisms are such prominent features o ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation
... accompanied by a correlated increase in the synchrony of the entrained neurons. This relation of LFP and neuronal firing can be explained by the fact that LFPs are produced by postsynaptic potentials, and periodicity in neuronal firing would be associated with periodicity in LFPs. They also document ...
... accompanied by a correlated increase in the synchrony of the entrained neurons. This relation of LFP and neuronal firing can be explained by the fact that LFPs are produced by postsynaptic potentials, and periodicity in neuronal firing would be associated with periodicity in LFPs. They also document ...
Loss of Neurons in Magnocellular and Parvocellular Layers of the
... tissue locations determined by a random and systematic sampling procedure using a superimposed grid method.24 Only sample locations within the LGN layers were used for neuron density measurements. The size of the sampling grid was adjusted for each layer so that there were at least 80 samples for th ...
... tissue locations determined by a random and systematic sampling procedure using a superimposed grid method.24 Only sample locations within the LGN layers were used for neuron density measurements. The size of the sampling grid was adjusted for each layer so that there were at least 80 samples for th ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.