Neuronal calcium-binding proteins 1/2 localize to dorsal root ganglia
... commissural neurons in the intermediate area, and motor neurons in the ventral horn. Using CLARITY, a novel, bilaterally connected neuronal system with dendrites that embrace the dorsal columns like palisades is observed. NECAB2 is present in cell bodies and presynaptic boutons across the spinal cor ...
... commissural neurons in the intermediate area, and motor neurons in the ventral horn. Using CLARITY, a novel, bilaterally connected neuronal system with dendrites that embrace the dorsal columns like palisades is observed. NECAB2 is present in cell bodies and presynaptic boutons across the spinal cor ...
Responses of primate frontal cortex neurons during natural vocal
... vocal signal perception, vocal-motor production, and any related sensory-motor interactions within individual neurons during the same behavior. During these vocal interactions, marmosets only produce phee calls (Miller and Wang 2006; Takahashi et al. 2013), making it possible to directly compare neu ...
... vocal signal perception, vocal-motor production, and any related sensory-motor interactions within individual neurons during the same behavior. During these vocal interactions, marmosets only produce phee calls (Miller and Wang 2006; Takahashi et al. 2013), making it possible to directly compare neu ...
Vesicular glutamate transporter 3
... ter of serotonergic neurons, whereas the DRDSh consists of scattered serotonergic neurons in the surrounding regions (Abrams et al., 2005; Lowry et al., 2008). The rat DR has, however, been indicated to contain a substantial number of nonserotonergic neurons (Descarries et al., 1982). Numerous studi ...
... ter of serotonergic neurons, whereas the DRDSh consists of scattered serotonergic neurons in the surrounding regions (Abrams et al., 2005; Lowry et al., 2008). The rat DR has, however, been indicated to contain a substantial number of nonserotonergic neurons (Descarries et al., 1982). Numerous studi ...
Grasping the Intentions of Others with One`s Own Mirror Neuron
... away? The aim of the present study is to investigate the neural basis of intention understanding in this sense and, more specifically, the role played by the human mirror neuron system in this type of intention understanding. The term ‘‘intention’’ will be always used in this specific sense, to indica ...
... away? The aim of the present study is to investigate the neural basis of intention understanding in this sense and, more specifically, the role played by the human mirror neuron system in this type of intention understanding. The term ‘‘intention’’ will be always used in this specific sense, to indica ...
Coding Rate and Duration of Vocalizations of the Frog, Xenopus laevis
... expressed NMDARs, we first applied 1 M tetrodotoxin (TTX) (SigmaAldrich) to block all spike-mediated synaptic transmission. The effectiveness of TTX treatment was confirmed when action potentials could no longer be produced by either the FTNs or vocal motoneurons (determined by the loss of activity ...
... expressed NMDARs, we first applied 1 M tetrodotoxin (TTX) (SigmaAldrich) to block all spike-mediated synaptic transmission. The effectiveness of TTX treatment was confirmed when action potentials could no longer be produced by either the FTNs or vocal motoneurons (determined by the loss of activity ...
Rapid Changes in Synaptic Vesicle Cytochemistry
... ABstrAct Sympathetic neurons taken from rat superior cervical ganglia and grown in culture acquire cholinergic function under certain conditions. These cholinergic sympathetic neurons, however, retain a number of adrenergic properties, including the enzymes involved in the synthesis of norepinephrin ...
... ABstrAct Sympathetic neurons taken from rat superior cervical ganglia and grown in culture acquire cholinergic function under certain conditions. These cholinergic sympathetic neurons, however, retain a number of adrenergic properties, including the enzymes involved in the synthesis of norepinephrin ...
Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Inputs to `AIP`
... (GPi) (Hoover and Strick, 1993; Dum and Strick, 2002). While there is no prior evidence for basal ganglia input to regions of posterior parietal cortex, some basal ganglia disorders result in symptoms that closely mimic parietal lobe dysfunction (Danta and Hilton, 1975; Boller et al., 1984; Richards ...
... (GPi) (Hoover and Strick, 1993; Dum and Strick, 2002). While there is no prior evidence for basal ganglia input to regions of posterior parietal cortex, some basal ganglia disorders result in symptoms that closely mimic parietal lobe dysfunction (Danta and Hilton, 1975; Boller et al., 1984; Richards ...
Cognon Neural Model Software Verification and
... Little is known yet about how the brain can recognize arbitrary sensory patterns within milliseconds using neural spikes to communicate information between neurons. In a typical brain there are several layers of neurons, with each neuron axon connecting to ∼ 104 synapses of neurons in an adjacent la ...
... Little is known yet about how the brain can recognize arbitrary sensory patterns within milliseconds using neural spikes to communicate information between neurons. In a typical brain there are several layers of neurons, with each neuron axon connecting to ∼ 104 synapses of neurons in an adjacent la ...
a.Nerve Regeneration
... • If damage to a neuron occurs to the axon and the cell body remains intact, cut or compressed axons can regenerate: – Post-trauma axon regrowth is never exactly the same as what existed before the injury – Much of the functional recovery after nerve injury involves retraining the nervous system to ...
... • If damage to a neuron occurs to the axon and the cell body remains intact, cut or compressed axons can regenerate: – Post-trauma axon regrowth is never exactly the same as what existed before the injury – Much of the functional recovery after nerve injury involves retraining the nervous system to ...
Cortex-inspired Developmental Learning for Vision-based Navigation, Attention and Recognition
... behaviors in the challenging task of vision-based navigation, using reinforcement learning and supervised learning jointly. Locally Balanced Incremental Hierarchical Discriminant Regression (LBIHDR) Tree was developed as a cognitive mapping engine to automatically generate internal representations, ...
... behaviors in the challenging task of vision-based navigation, using reinforcement learning and supervised learning jointly. Locally Balanced Incremental Hierarchical Discriminant Regression (LBIHDR) Tree was developed as a cognitive mapping engine to automatically generate internal representations, ...
07.11 - UCSD Cognitive Science
... limited to reduce the length of time the animal was under anesthesia and to minimize damage to the cortex. The motor response evoked at each stimulation site was determined by visual inspection and muscle palpation. The threshold current for each response was defined as the stimulus intensity that e ...
... limited to reduce the length of time the animal was under anesthesia and to minimize damage to the cortex. The motor response evoked at each stimulation site was determined by visual inspection and muscle palpation. The threshold current for each response was defined as the stimulus intensity that e ...
Essentials in the neuronal organization of the CNS
... The neuronal organization of the central nervous system provides the backbone to the functional studies of the nervous system. Without the fundamental knowledge of the form, location and connectivity of the neurons in the brain and in the spinal cord, neurological diagnosis would be impossible. Exce ...
... The neuronal organization of the central nervous system provides the backbone to the functional studies of the nervous system. Without the fundamental knowledge of the form, location and connectivity of the neurons in the brain and in the spinal cord, neurological diagnosis would be impossible. Exce ...
spinal cord - Zanichelli
... CNS: other parts of the brain The diencephalon is composed by the hypothalamus, which controls homeostasis, and the thalamus which sends sensory inputs to the cerebrum. The cerebellum receives signals from eyes, ears and muscles and coordinates skeletal muscle contractions. The impulses to the moto ...
... CNS: other parts of the brain The diencephalon is composed by the hypothalamus, which controls homeostasis, and the thalamus which sends sensory inputs to the cerebrum. The cerebellum receives signals from eyes, ears and muscles and coordinates skeletal muscle contractions. The impulses to the moto ...
PDF - Folia Biologica
... (20–25 μm) from which originate three or more primary smooth aspiny dendrites radiating in all directions. Their axons usually originate from the pial aspect of the soma and in the majority of cells give rise to many long horizontally and vertically oriented axonal collaterals, which can extend up t ...
... (20–25 μm) from which originate three or more primary smooth aspiny dendrites radiating in all directions. Their axons usually originate from the pial aspect of the soma and in the majority of cells give rise to many long horizontally and vertically oriented axonal collaterals, which can extend up t ...
striatum
... The selection of motor and behavioral processes appropriate for a particular context The release of desired and the supression of unwanted movements Important for stimulus – response behavior THE VENTRAL STRIATUM (nc. Accumbens) The learning and execution of reward-related movements and activities. ...
... The selection of motor and behavioral processes appropriate for a particular context The release of desired and the supression of unwanted movements Important for stimulus – response behavior THE VENTRAL STRIATUM (nc. Accumbens) The learning and execution of reward-related movements and activities. ...
Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits
... connections) were rare. Thus, fear conditioning leads to a shift in the balance of activity between distinct functional classes of CEl neurons embedded into highly organized local inhibitory circuits. On the basis of previous anatomical and in vitro electrophysiological studies in rats describing an ...
... connections) were rare. Thus, fear conditioning leads to a shift in the balance of activity between distinct functional classes of CEl neurons embedded into highly organized local inhibitory circuits. On the basis of previous anatomical and in vitro electrophysiological studies in rats describing an ...
Synaptic Competition during the Reformation of a Neuromuscular Map
... voltage. If a step in the EPP was seen before the maximal EPP size, the end plate was deemed multiply innervated by that ventral root and was no longer studied. The populations of quantal responses from two axons innervating the same end plate were compared using the Kolmogorov– Smirnov test for dif ...
... voltage. If a step in the EPP was seen before the maximal EPP size, the end plate was deemed multiply innervated by that ventral root and was no longer studied. The populations of quantal responses from two axons innervating the same end plate were compared using the Kolmogorov– Smirnov test for dif ...
Rich-club organization in effective connectivity among cortical neurons
... were killed after the recording session; and brain tissue was sectioned, immunostained for NeuN, and imaged to verify the silicon prong placement. Signals from all recording sites were simultaneously sampled at 25 kHz. Spike sorting was performed off-line using a semi-automated Matlab script. The da ...
... were killed after the recording session; and brain tissue was sectioned, immunostained for NeuN, and imaged to verify the silicon prong placement. Signals from all recording sites were simultaneously sampled at 25 kHz. Spike sorting was performed off-line using a semi-automated Matlab script. The da ...
Andrea Kádár
... functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). The PVN can be divided into two main divisions named based on the size of their neurons: the parvocellular and magnocellular divisions. In rats, the parvocellular division can be further divided into six subdivisions: the anterior, medial, dorsal, per ...
... functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). The PVN can be divided into two main divisions named based on the size of their neurons: the parvocellular and magnocellular divisions. In rats, the parvocellular division can be further divided into six subdivisions: the anterior, medial, dorsal, per ...
Nerve Regeneration in C. elegans after femtosecond laser axotomy
... VI. REGENERATION OF MOTOR NEURONS A. Axon Regrowth We chose the DD- and VD-type motor neurons in L4-stage worms as targets for laser surgery. Their role in backward locomotion of the worms gives significant advantage in the behavioral assessment of nerve cutting and that following regeneration (Sect ...
... VI. REGENERATION OF MOTOR NEURONS A. Axon Regrowth We chose the DD- and VD-type motor neurons in L4-stage worms as targets for laser surgery. Their role in backward locomotion of the worms gives significant advantage in the behavioral assessment of nerve cutting and that following regeneration (Sect ...
Effect of Tactile Inputs on Thalamic Responses to Noxious
... thalamic level. The investigation was carried out by means of extracellular single-unit recordings in the ventroposterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus in rats anesthetized with pentobarbital. Noxious visceral stimulation was achieved by reproducible colorectal distension (CRD, 20 – 80 mmHg) with ...
... thalamic level. The investigation was carried out by means of extracellular single-unit recordings in the ventroposterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus in rats anesthetized with pentobarbital. Noxious visceral stimulation was achieved by reproducible colorectal distension (CRD, 20 – 80 mmHg) with ...
Stereoscopic Mechanisms in Monkey Visual Cortex: Binocular
... drives these neurons to a maintained level of activity, which shifts, in response to correlated images, toward facilitation or suppression as a function of positional disparity. These neurons may operate in the neural processing leading to stereopsis, both coarse and fine, and also provide signals f ...
... drives these neurons to a maintained level of activity, which shifts, in response to correlated images, toward facilitation or suppression as a function of positional disparity. These neurons may operate in the neural processing leading to stereopsis, both coarse and fine, and also provide signals f ...
NMDA Receptors Contribute to Primary Visceral Afferent
... synaptic transmission in the NTS may be due to true differences in the glutamate receptor subtypes activated in these different autonomic reflex pathways or to limitations of the microinjection technique, which typically relies on relatively large volumes (10–100 nl) of highly concentrated agents th ...
... synaptic transmission in the NTS may be due to true differences in the glutamate receptor subtypes activated in these different autonomic reflex pathways or to limitations of the microinjection technique, which typically relies on relatively large volumes (10–100 nl) of highly concentrated agents th ...
Natural Stimulation of the Nonclassical Receptive Field Increases
... system and the resources available. Recent theoretical work suggests that natural images can be efficiently represented by a sparse code (Srinivasan et al., 1982; Barlow, 1989; Field, 1993; Bell and Sejnowski, 1997; Olshausen and Field, 1997, 2000; Simoncelli and Olshausen, 2001). Field (1987) demon ...
... system and the resources available. Recent theoretical work suggests that natural images can be efficiently represented by a sparse code (Srinivasan et al., 1982; Barlow, 1989; Field, 1993; Bell and Sejnowski, 1997; Olshausen and Field, 1997, 2000; Simoncelli and Olshausen, 2001). Field (1987) demon ...
Luczak, 2015 - University of Lethbridge
... How long are the activity packets evoked by sensory stimuli? The duration of stimulus-evoked packets can be estimated as the period from response onset to the time at which most neurons cease their stimulusdriven activity. Although small changes in firing rate induced by stimuli can sometimes be fou ...
... How long are the activity packets evoked by sensory stimuli? The duration of stimulus-evoked packets can be estimated as the period from response onset to the time at which most neurons cease their stimulusdriven activity. Although small changes in firing rate induced by stimuli can sometimes be fou ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.