Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico - lsr
... The ACC is implicated in both error detection [79,80] and post-error adjustments [81]. Third, once subjects realize on the basis of feedback (such as reduced reward) that the previously correct action becomes no longer valid, they switch behavior or learn a correct action (retroactive switching). In ...
... The ACC is implicated in both error detection [79,80] and post-error adjustments [81]. Third, once subjects realize on the basis of feedback (such as reduced reward) that the previously correct action becomes no longer valid, they switch behavior or learn a correct action (retroactive switching). In ...
MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR IN LACTATING RATS STIMULATES c
... 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive labeling was greatest ventromedially, while high numbers of Fosimmunoreactive nuclei were found both ventromedially and ventrolaterally. In pup-stimulated dams, more than half (53% in the medial preoptic area, 59% in the ventral bed nucleus of th ...
... 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive labeling was greatest ventromedially, while high numbers of Fosimmunoreactive nuclei were found both ventromedially and ventrolaterally. In pup-stimulated dams, more than half (53% in the medial preoptic area, 59% in the ventral bed nucleus of th ...
Binding of aluminium ions by Staphylococcus
... specific neurotransmiders. This enzyme is also present in erythrocytes. We measured erythrocyte DHPR ac(vity and concentra(ons of the biopterin deriva(ves of its substrate and of aluminum in 38 pa(ents on hemodialysis who had no clinical evidence of encephalopathy. Serum aluminum levels ranged fro ...
... specific neurotransmiders. This enzyme is also present in erythrocytes. We measured erythrocyte DHPR ac(vity and concentra(ons of the biopterin deriva(ves of its substrate and of aluminum in 38 pa(ents on hemodialysis who had no clinical evidence of encephalopathy. Serum aluminum levels ranged fro ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... • All postganglionic PsNS fibers release ACH • Most postganglionic SNS fibers release norepinephrine • Can be stimulatory or inhibitory based on receptor types ...
... • All postganglionic PsNS fibers release ACH • Most postganglionic SNS fibers release norepinephrine • Can be stimulatory or inhibitory based on receptor types ...
Histamine reduces firing and bursting of anterior and intralaminar
... GABAergic interneurons can be neglected, since in the rat only very few interneurons have been observed in the thalamic nuclei studied in this work [27]. On the other hand, the reduction of low-threshold bursts and the change to more regular occurring spikes not involved in bursts has been shown to ...
... GABAergic interneurons can be neglected, since in the rat only very few interneurons have been observed in the thalamic nuclei studied in this work [27]. On the other hand, the reduction of low-threshold bursts and the change to more regular occurring spikes not involved in bursts has been shown to ...
Joseph and Heberlein 1 Tissue-specific Activation of a
... Understanding sensory systems that perceive environmental inputs and neural circuits that select appropriate motor outputs is essential for studying how organisms modulate behavior and make decisions necessary for survival. Drosophila melanogaster oviposition is one such important behavior, in which ...
... Understanding sensory systems that perceive environmental inputs and neural circuits that select appropriate motor outputs is essential for studying how organisms modulate behavior and make decisions necessary for survival. Drosophila melanogaster oviposition is one such important behavior, in which ...
Guided outgrowth of leech neurons in culture
... remained on the lanes behind the growth cone. However, neurites were pulled off bent lanes such that their length was shortened as illustrated in Fig. 3. These neurites remained connected to the lanes through thin filaments and foot-like adhesion sites spaced at intervals of about 10 a m (Fig. 4). G ...
... remained on the lanes behind the growth cone. However, neurites were pulled off bent lanes such that their length was shortened as illustrated in Fig. 3. These neurites remained connected to the lanes through thin filaments and foot-like adhesion sites spaced at intervals of about 10 a m (Fig. 4). G ...
Chapter 14 - MDC Faculty Home Pages
... Signals for proprioception, touch, temperature, pressure, pain Somatosensory pathways carry signals from skin, muscles, joints Viscerosensory pathways carry signals from viscera Use a series of neurons to relay signal to brain o Primary (1st order) neuron has peripheral ending, cell body in posterio ...
... Signals for proprioception, touch, temperature, pressure, pain Somatosensory pathways carry signals from skin, muscles, joints Viscerosensory pathways carry signals from viscera Use a series of neurons to relay signal to brain o Primary (1st order) neuron has peripheral ending, cell body in posterio ...
Article
... This study focused on neural networks underlying Drosophila larval locomotion and aimed to identify and characterize interneurons that may be involved in regulation of locomotor activity. Forward peristaltic locomotion is the most dominant behavior in Drosophila 3rd-instar wandering larvae [20]. Thi ...
... This study focused on neural networks underlying Drosophila larval locomotion and aimed to identify and characterize interneurons that may be involved in regulation of locomotor activity. Forward peristaltic locomotion is the most dominant behavior in Drosophila 3rd-instar wandering larvae [20]. Thi ...
Labeled lines meet and talk: population coding of somatic sensations
... vated, whereas C-warm fiber activity will be inactivated, leading to a burning pain sensation (Figure 2F). This population coding hypothesis can nicely explain several thermal paradoxes. For example, synthetic heat sensation created by concurrent activation of both cold and warm spots in the skin (t ...
... vated, whereas C-warm fiber activity will be inactivated, leading to a burning pain sensation (Figure 2F). This population coding hypothesis can nicely explain several thermal paradoxes. For example, synthetic heat sensation created by concurrent activation of both cold and warm spots in the skin (t ...
Spinal Cord Motor Activity
... Borrowing a concept from engineering, the stretch reflex arc can be viewed as a negative feedback loop that tends to maintain muscle length at a constant value. The desired muscle length is specified by the activity of descending pathways that influence the motor neuron pool. Deviations from the des ...
... Borrowing a concept from engineering, the stretch reflex arc can be viewed as a negative feedback loop that tends to maintain muscle length at a constant value. The desired muscle length is specified by the activity of descending pathways that influence the motor neuron pool. Deviations from the des ...
The structure and connexions of neurons
... spinal cord, etc. proves not only that the protoplasmic expansions play a conducting role but even more that nervous movement in these prolongations is towards the cell or axon, while it is away from the cell in the axons. This formula, called the dynamic polarization of neurons, originated a long t ...
... spinal cord, etc. proves not only that the protoplasmic expansions play a conducting role but even more that nervous movement in these prolongations is towards the cell or axon, while it is away from the cell in the axons. This formula, called the dynamic polarization of neurons, originated a long t ...
Distinct or Gradually Changing Spatial and Nonspatial
... out a continuous theta oscillation. Moreover, the nature of theta oscillation in the bat’s dorsal hippocampus was intermittent (Ulanovsky and Moss, 2007), much like the intermittent theta reported by Royer et al. (2010) in the rat ventral hippocampus. The existence of place cells without continuous ...
... out a continuous theta oscillation. Moreover, the nature of theta oscillation in the bat’s dorsal hippocampus was intermittent (Ulanovsky and Moss, 2007), much like the intermittent theta reported by Royer et al. (2010) in the rat ventral hippocampus. The existence of place cells without continuous ...
A local circuit approach to understanding integration of
... might be reconciled by invoking dramatic state changes in local neurons or in long-distance synapses. Here we show that local cortical circuitry is sufficient to explain these receptive field ‘switching’ effects, provided that some contrast-related asymmetr y between local cortical excitatory and in ...
... might be reconciled by invoking dramatic state changes in local neurons or in long-distance synapses. Here we show that local cortical circuitry is sufficient to explain these receptive field ‘switching’ effects, provided that some contrast-related asymmetr y between local cortical excitatory and in ...
TESIS DOCTORAL Dynamics and Synchronization in Neuronal Models
... Chapter 2 investigates the role of noise acting on neurons. The phenomenon of stochastic resonance is characterized on an ensemble of neurons of the motor system. After the introduction of the appropriate model describing the neuron dynamics and the numerical integration details, stochastic resonanc ...
... Chapter 2 investigates the role of noise acting on neurons. The phenomenon of stochastic resonance is characterized on an ensemble of neurons of the motor system. After the introduction of the appropriate model describing the neuron dynamics and the numerical integration details, stochastic resonanc ...
CLASSICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING: THE
... stimulus (for instance, leg flexion in response to pinprick); while the fear-drive UR is manifested in the arousal of the motor behavioral system, increase of heart rate and other sympathetic responses. The USs producing fear URs are the same which produce the consummatory URs, namely painful or ave ...
... stimulus (for instance, leg flexion in response to pinprick); while the fear-drive UR is manifested in the arousal of the motor behavioral system, increase of heart rate and other sympathetic responses. The USs producing fear URs are the same which produce the consummatory URs, namely painful or ave ...
A COMMON REFERENCE FRAME FOR MOVEMENT PLANS IN
... of the absolute position of the monkey’s eyes. Before proceeding further, it is important to differentiate between an eye-centred reference frame and a retinotopic reference frame. An eye-centred reference frame, as noted above, is one that depends on the location of the eyes in the head. A retinoto ...
... of the absolute position of the monkey’s eyes. Before proceeding further, it is important to differentiate between an eye-centred reference frame and a retinotopic reference frame. An eye-centred reference frame, as noted above, is one that depends on the location of the eyes in the head. A retinoto ...
Severe Reduction of Rat Defensive Behavior to a Predator by
... many Fosir neurons were found in the lateral preoptic area, in addition to a somewhat lower number of labeled cells distributed through the anterodorsal and anteroventral preoptic nuclei, and undifferentiated parts of the medial preoptic area (Fig. 1A and B). Notably, only occasional labeled neurons ...
... many Fosir neurons were found in the lateral preoptic area, in addition to a somewhat lower number of labeled cells distributed through the anterodorsal and anteroventral preoptic nuclei, and undifferentiated parts of the medial preoptic area (Fig. 1A and B). Notably, only occasional labeled neurons ...
Pyrokinin/PBAN-like peptides in the central nervous system of
... relative humidity) with a 16:8 hour photoperiod. Larvae were fed ground TetraminTM and adults were fed 10% sucrose. A. aegypti (Liverpool) were started from a colony at the University of Wisconsin Madison in 2005 which was originally obtained from the University of London in 1977. Aedes triseriatus ...
... relative humidity) with a 16:8 hour photoperiod. Larvae were fed ground TetraminTM and adults were fed 10% sucrose. A. aegypti (Liverpool) were started from a colony at the University of Wisconsin Madison in 2005 which was originally obtained from the University of London in 1977. Aedes triseriatus ...
Effect of Adrenalectomy on Miniature Inhibitory Postsynaptic
... Series resistance and capacitance were monitored during the whole recording using pCLAMP7(Axon Instruments). Recordings with an uncompensated series resistance of less then 2.5 times the pipette resistance were accepted for analysis. Traces of 5 min were recorded using the gap-free acquisition mode ...
... Series resistance and capacitance were monitored during the whole recording using pCLAMP7(Axon Instruments). Recordings with an uncompensated series resistance of less then 2.5 times the pipette resistance were accepted for analysis. Traces of 5 min were recorded using the gap-free acquisition mode ...
Processing in layer 4 of the neocortical circuit: new insights from
... based on the arrangement of a cell’s ON and OFF subregions [26]. However, the feed-forward model predicts that inhibition and threshold sharpen spike tuning relative to voltage tuning; it is voltage tuning that would be expected to follow a linear prediction. Ferster’s group tested this by mapping t ...
... based on the arrangement of a cell’s ON and OFF subregions [26]. However, the feed-forward model predicts that inhibition and threshold sharpen spike tuning relative to voltage tuning; it is voltage tuning that would be expected to follow a linear prediction. Ferster’s group tested this by mapping t ...
Computation with Spikes in a Winner-Take-All Network
... the excitatory connections from excitatory neurons to interneurons and the inhibitory connections from interneurons to excitatory neurons. In our model, we assume the forward connections between the excitatory and the inhibitory neurons to be strong, so that each spike of an excitatory neuron trigge ...
... the excitatory connections from excitatory neurons to interneurons and the inhibitory connections from interneurons to excitatory neurons. In our model, we assume the forward connections between the excitatory and the inhibitory neurons to be strong, so that each spike of an excitatory neuron trigge ...
Nat Methods 6:219-224 - University of British Columbia
... neurons in vivo using a stage scanning laser system resulted in muscle excitation within 10–20 ms, which can be recorded using implanted electromyogram electrodes or by a noninvasive motion sensor. This approach allowed us to make highly reproducible automated maps of the mouse forelimb and hindlimb ...
... neurons in vivo using a stage scanning laser system resulted in muscle excitation within 10–20 ms, which can be recorded using implanted electromyogram electrodes or by a noninvasive motion sensor. This approach allowed us to make highly reproducible automated maps of the mouse forelimb and hindlimb ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.