Intracellular calcium concentration and calcium transport in
... varying the NaCl content. Calcium extrusion experiments are performed in TCI99 at 37°C. Calcium-sensitive microelectrodes are made according to methodology employed by Jacob, 4 and suitable electrodes are in the resistance range of 80200 megohms. All electrodes, voltage and ion-sensitive, are calibr ...
... varying the NaCl content. Calcium extrusion experiments are performed in TCI99 at 37°C. Calcium-sensitive microelectrodes are made according to methodology employed by Jacob, 4 and suitable electrodes are in the resistance range of 80200 megohms. All electrodes, voltage and ion-sensitive, are calibr ...
Sensory Afferent Neurotransmission in Caudal Nucleus Tractus
... reduce or eliminate SFA. Various neurons in mNTS with excitatory connections to ST all show DE and SFA, but to varying degrees. Using a comprehensive mathematical model representation of mNTS neurons, we have coupled data from isolated currents measured in isolated, dispersed mNTS neurons with respo ...
... reduce or eliminate SFA. Various neurons in mNTS with excitatory connections to ST all show DE and SFA, but to varying degrees. Using a comprehensive mathematical model representation of mNTS neurons, we have coupled data from isolated currents measured in isolated, dispersed mNTS neurons with respo ...
Peripheral and Central Mechanisms of Pain Generation
... Cervero and Laird (1991) distinguish between three types of pain. Application of an acute noxious stimulus to normal tissue elicits acute physiological nociceptive pain. It protects tissue from being (further) damaged because withdrawal reflexes are usually elicited. Pathophysiological nociceptive pa ...
... Cervero and Laird (1991) distinguish between three types of pain. Application of an acute noxious stimulus to normal tissue elicits acute physiological nociceptive pain. It protects tissue from being (further) damaged because withdrawal reflexes are usually elicited. Pathophysiological nociceptive pa ...
Temporal Patterning of Neural Progenitors in Drosophila
... Drosophila has recently become a powerful model system to understand the mechanisms of temporal patterning of neural progenitors called neuroblasts (NBs). Two different temporal sequences of transcription factors (TFs) have been found to be sequentially expressed in NBs of two different systems: the ...
... Drosophila has recently become a powerful model system to understand the mechanisms of temporal patterning of neural progenitors called neuroblasts (NBs). Two different temporal sequences of transcription factors (TFs) have been found to be sequentially expressed in NBs of two different systems: the ...
Spatial tuning of reaching activity in the medial parieto
... conditions. Single cell activity was extracellularly recorded from the anterior bank of the parieto-occipital sulcus using glass-coated metal microelectrodes with a tip impedance of 0.8–2 MW at 1 kHz. Action potentials were sampled at 1 kHz for two monkeys (Galletti et al., 1995) and at 100 kHz for ...
... conditions. Single cell activity was extracellularly recorded from the anterior bank of the parieto-occipital sulcus using glass-coated metal microelectrodes with a tip impedance of 0.8–2 MW at 1 kHz. Action potentials were sampled at 1 kHz for two monkeys (Galletti et al., 1995) and at 100 kHz for ...
Read Here
... in functional studies, for the modulation of distinct facets of homeostasis. Such functional differences, read out at the organismal level, are likely subserved by differences among 5-HT neuron subtypes at the cellular and molecular levels, including differences in the capacity to coexpress other ne ...
... in functional studies, for the modulation of distinct facets of homeostasis. Such functional differences, read out at the organismal level, are likely subserved by differences among 5-HT neuron subtypes at the cellular and molecular levels, including differences in the capacity to coexpress other ne ...
Guided outgrowth of leech neurons in culture
... using copper grid masks. The relation of the patterns and of the outgrowth of neurites was observed by scanning electronmicroscopy after gold decoration. The neurites were guided by narrow (10 #M) lanes of ECM protein. Branching of neurites was induced by branched lanes. Bent neurites were pulled of ...
... using copper grid masks. The relation of the patterns and of the outgrowth of neurites was observed by scanning electronmicroscopy after gold decoration. The neurites were guided by narrow (10 #M) lanes of ECM protein. Branching of neurites was induced by branched lanes. Bent neurites were pulled of ...
Horvitz, J.C. Stimulus-response and response
... respond to the presentation of non-reward-related visual target stimuli (interspersed with reward-related target trials) approximately 40 ms prior to the onset of the DA inhibitory response to salient non-reward stimuli [83,92]. The rapid non-discriminating activation onset of the DA response may se ...
... respond to the presentation of non-reward-related visual target stimuli (interspersed with reward-related target trials) approximately 40 ms prior to the onset of the DA inhibitory response to salient non-reward stimuli [83,92]. The rapid non-discriminating activation onset of the DA response may se ...
Maruska & Tricas 2011
... preoptic area, but does label both the GnRH3 and GnRH2 cell groups, indicating that all of the GnRH-ir fibers in auditory regions originated from one of these two extra-hypothalamic groups (see controls below). Primary antibody incubation was followed by a PBS wash, incubation with biotinylated goat ...
... preoptic area, but does label both the GnRH3 and GnRH2 cell groups, indicating that all of the GnRH-ir fibers in auditory regions originated from one of these two extra-hypothalamic groups (see controls below). Primary antibody incubation was followed by a PBS wash, incubation with biotinylated goat ...
mechanisms and biological role of thalamocortical oscillations
... activities may be present in various states of vigilance and frequently coexist with slower rhythms. Pathological oscillations within thalamocortical system take place in a form of electrographic seizures. Thus, the same neuronal network in different conditions generates diverse forms of oscillation ...
... activities may be present in various states of vigilance and frequently coexist with slower rhythms. Pathological oscillations within thalamocortical system take place in a form of electrographic seizures. Thus, the same neuronal network in different conditions generates diverse forms of oscillation ...
MSc Thesis Template Document
... Figure 40 Synapse or Syndesis or Synapsis .................................................................................. 37 Figure 41 The Synaptic Gap at a Synapse .................................................................................... 38 Figure 42 Neurons: Synapses in the Neural Ne ...
... Figure 40 Synapse or Syndesis or Synapsis .................................................................................. 37 Figure 41 The Synaptic Gap at a Synapse .................................................................................... 38 Figure 42 Neurons: Synapses in the Neural Ne ...
decision-making in the primate brain
... Munoz 1998; Kim and Shadlen 1999; Platt and Glimcher 1999; Shadlen and Newsome 1996, 2001). In contrast, over the past 400 years, economists have developed simple normative models to describe what rational agents should do when confronted with a choice between two options [Arnauld and Nichole 1662; ...
... Munoz 1998; Kim and Shadlen 1999; Platt and Glimcher 1999; Shadlen and Newsome 1996, 2001). In contrast, over the past 400 years, economists have developed simple normative models to describe what rational agents should do when confronted with a choice between two options [Arnauld and Nichole 1662; ...
Event-Driven Simulation Scheme for Spiking Neural Networks Using
... is marked with the time instant when the source neuron fires the spike. The second one (the propagated event) is marked with the time instant when the spike reaches the target neuron. Most neurons have large synaptic divergences. In these cases, for each firing event, the simulation scheme produces ...
... is marked with the time instant when the source neuron fires the spike. The second one (the propagated event) is marked with the time instant when the spike reaches the target neuron. Most neurons have large synaptic divergences. In these cases, for each firing event, the simulation scheme produces ...
Presumed Apoptosis and Reduced Arcuate Nucleus
... Statistics. Intergroup comparisons for each parameter related to cell counting or neuropeptide mRNA expression were made by 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Plasma constituents were analyzed by repeated-measures design. When significant intergroup differences were found by ANOVA (P ≤ 0.05), post ...
... Statistics. Intergroup comparisons for each parameter related to cell counting or neuropeptide mRNA expression were made by 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Plasma constituents were analyzed by repeated-measures design. When significant intergroup differences were found by ANOVA (P ≤ 0.05), post ...
Intention, Action Planning, and Decision Making in Parietal
... include areas in the frontal lobe connected to PPC, particularly the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), and other areas within the PPC, such as area 5. In the final section, we will show examples of ‘‘proof of concept’’ in which the action-related activity in the PPC and PMd cortex can be decoded and use ...
... include areas in the frontal lobe connected to PPC, particularly the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), and other areas within the PPC, such as area 5. In the final section, we will show examples of ‘‘proof of concept’’ in which the action-related activity in the PPC and PMd cortex can be decoded and use ...
Spatial and temporal frequency selectivity of neurons in
... components (Campbell & Robson, 1968; Glezer et al., 1973; Maffei & Fiorentini, 1973). While at one stage this may have been seen as incompatible with feature-based representations (Hubel & Wiesel, 1962, 1968), physiological and psychophysical studies have since indicated that different Fourier chann ...
... components (Campbell & Robson, 1968; Glezer et al., 1973; Maffei & Fiorentini, 1973). While at one stage this may have been seen as incompatible with feature-based representations (Hubel & Wiesel, 1962, 1968), physiological and psychophysical studies have since indicated that different Fourier chann ...
Orexin (Hypocretin)-Like Immunoreactivity in the Cat Hypothalamus
... free-floating sections were rinsed several times in ice-cold PBST (0.1 M PBS with 0.3% Triton X-100); they were then incubated with antibody against orexin A (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Mountain View, CA; diluted 1:1500—1:8000) in PBST solution overnight. On the following day, the sections were rinsed ...
... free-floating sections were rinsed several times in ice-cold PBST (0.1 M PBS with 0.3% Triton X-100); they were then incubated with antibody against orexin A (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Mountain View, CA; diluted 1:1500—1:8000) in PBST solution overnight. On the following day, the sections were rinsed ...
Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Action Processing
... Mirror neurons are also present in monkey parietal areas connected with area F5 (see below). Their properties appear to be similar to those of mirror neurons in area F5. However, detailed comparative studies that assess possible differences between the functional properties of parietal and premotor ...
... Mirror neurons are also present in monkey parietal areas connected with area F5 (see below). Their properties appear to be similar to those of mirror neurons in area F5. However, detailed comparative studies that assess possible differences between the functional properties of parietal and premotor ...
Decoding Complete Reach and Grasp Actions from Local Primary
... evaluated using Pearson’s correlations (r) between measured and reconstructed kinematics. For each parameter, we evaluated the statistical significance of the decoding results using a Monte Carlo approach. We calculated the correlation between kinematic variables reconstructed using neural test data ...
... evaluated using Pearson’s correlations (r) between measured and reconstructed kinematics. For each parameter, we evaluated the statistical significance of the decoding results using a Monte Carlo approach. We calculated the correlation between kinematic variables reconstructed using neural test data ...
Activity of Defined Mushroom Body Output Neurons
... compartment marker proteins. The dendritic marker DenMark (Nicolaı¨ et al., 2010) localized exclusively to the horizontal MB lobe tips, while the presynaptic active zone protein Syd-1 (Owald et al., 2010) localized to the processes of the M4/6 neurons that lie outside of the MB in the superior media ...
... compartment marker proteins. The dendritic marker DenMark (Nicolaı¨ et al., 2010) localized exclusively to the horizontal MB lobe tips, while the presynaptic active zone protein Syd-1 (Owald et al., 2010) localized to the processes of the M4/6 neurons that lie outside of the MB in the superior media ...
Competitive Dynamics in Cortical Responses to Visual Stimuli
... tends to elicit a strong initially positive oscillatory response (see Fig. 1A). Conversely, in the presence of a central preferred image, an eccentric flanking image, although ineffective in isolation, tends to elicit a strong initially negative oscillatory response (see Fig. 1B). They demonstrated ...
... tends to elicit a strong initially positive oscillatory response (see Fig. 1A). Conversely, in the presence of a central preferred image, an eccentric flanking image, although ineffective in isolation, tends to elicit a strong initially negative oscillatory response (see Fig. 1B). They demonstrated ...
PDF file
... development of disparity tuning in toy objects data using an artificial neural network based on back-propagation and reinforcement learning. They reported 90% correct recognition rate for 11 classes of disparity. In Solgi & Weng 2008 [13], a multilayer in-place learning network was used to detect bi ...
... development of disparity tuning in toy objects data using an artificial neural network based on back-propagation and reinforcement learning. They reported 90% correct recognition rate for 11 classes of disparity. In Solgi & Weng 2008 [13], a multilayer in-place learning network was used to detect bi ...
PhD Thesis - Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development
... was divided into distinct areas (Brodmann, 1909). Each cortical layer contains two distinct neuronal types: glutamatergic and gabaergic neurons, using glutamate and gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA) as neurotransmitters, respectively. Glutamatergic neurons, mainly include neurons with pyramial morpholog ...
... was divided into distinct areas (Brodmann, 1909). Each cortical layer contains two distinct neuronal types: glutamatergic and gabaergic neurons, using glutamate and gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA) as neurotransmitters, respectively. Glutamatergic neurons, mainly include neurons with pyramial morpholog ...
Weber et al. - 2000
... PURPOSE. To examine the effects that elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), a glaucoma risk factor, has on the size, density, and number of neurons in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). METHODS. The monkey model of experimental glaucoma was combined with standard histologic staining and ana ...
... PURPOSE. To examine the effects that elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), a glaucoma risk factor, has on the size, density, and number of neurons in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). METHODS. The monkey model of experimental glaucoma was combined with standard histologic staining and ana ...
Sodium channel expression in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of
... ing of the skin, and pinching of the skin. Our new data also document the abnormal expression of the Nav1.3 voltage-gated sodium channel transcripts in the VPL during this time of neuronal hyperresponsiveness and reduced nociceptive thresholds. We observed no changes in the expression of neuronal so ...
... ing of the skin, and pinching of the skin. Our new data also document the abnormal expression of the Nav1.3 voltage-gated sodium channel transcripts in the VPL during this time of neuronal hyperresponsiveness and reduced nociceptive thresholds. We observed no changes in the expression of neuronal so ...