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... SCS in these intractable cases is superior to conventional medical management and reoperation (4–11), and because of this reason more than 50,000 spinal cord stimulators are implanted on a yearly basis (25). As C2 stimulation can be performed subthreshold for paresthesias and this results in similar ...
... SCS in these intractable cases is superior to conventional medical management and reoperation (4–11), and because of this reason more than 50,000 spinal cord stimulators are implanted on a yearly basis (25). As C2 stimulation can be performed subthreshold for paresthesias and this results in similar ...
Independent and Convergent Signals From the Pontomedullary
... held on the experimenter’s lap. The cat was then transferred to a treadmill where it rested quietly while the electrode was advanced slowly through the brain stem. As the electrode was advanced, stimuli were applied to the most effective spinal electrode to help in isolating RSNs with low or no spon ...
... held on the experimenter’s lap. The cat was then transferred to a treadmill where it rested quietly while the electrode was advanced slowly through the brain stem. As the electrode was advanced, stimuli were applied to the most effective spinal electrode to help in isolating RSNs with low or no spon ...
Nat Methods 6:219-224 - University of British Columbia
... Automated mapping of motor cortex using laser light For automated ChR2-based motor mapping we chose a relatively collimated 473 nm laser targeted through a simple microscope (Fig. 1a). To check the beam profile as it passes through brain tissue, we directed the beam into the cortical surface of a fi ...
... Automated mapping of motor cortex using laser light For automated ChR2-based motor mapping we chose a relatively collimated 473 nm laser targeted through a simple microscope (Fig. 1a). To check the beam profile as it passes through brain tissue, we directed the beam into the cortical surface of a fi ...
Document
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
post-peer-review-non-publishers
... To determine components of the SCN response that were dependent on stimulus brightness vs. stimulus contrast, a second protocol was also employed. Here we stepped light intensity independently at each eye every 5s in a pseudorandom sequence spanning effective irradiances between 10.4-15.4 log photo ...
... To determine components of the SCN response that were dependent on stimulus brightness vs. stimulus contrast, a second protocol was also employed. Here we stepped light intensity independently at each eye every 5s in a pseudorandom sequence spanning effective irradiances between 10.4-15.4 log photo ...
Signals Conveyed in the Pulvinar Pathway from Superior Colliculus
... apse (orthodromic activation), the pulvinar neuron received input from of neurons for each task because many cells were lost after only partial the stimulated structure. By contrast, if stimulation backfired the neuron data collection, and others did not meet offline criteria for a given through its ...
... apse (orthodromic activation), the pulvinar neuron received input from of neurons for each task because many cells were lost after only partial the stimulated structure. By contrast, if stimulation backfired the neuron data collection, and others did not meet offline criteria for a given through its ...
Molecular mechanisms of growth cone guidance
... NgCAM and NrCAM, was identified based on its restricted staining of these newly formed axon fascicles of retinal ganglion cells. The injection of Fabs against the E587 antigen into the eye of rapidly growing goldfish disrupted these fascicles, resulting in a tendency of individual axons to change fa ...
... NgCAM and NrCAM, was identified based on its restricted staining of these newly formed axon fascicles of retinal ganglion cells. The injection of Fabs against the E587 antigen into the eye of rapidly growing goldfish disrupted these fascicles, resulting in a tendency of individual axons to change fa ...
Swallowing reflex and brain stem neurons activated by superior
... lated with the cytoarchitectural characteristics as defined by cresyl violet staining and nNOS staining. From a coronal perspective, Sol is broadly divided into a smaller lateral and a larger medial subdivision based on their position in relation to the SolT. The lateral subdivision is further subdi ...
... lated with the cytoarchitectural characteristics as defined by cresyl violet staining and nNOS staining. From a coronal perspective, Sol is broadly divided into a smaller lateral and a larger medial subdivision based on their position in relation to the SolT. The lateral subdivision is further subdi ...
new techniques for imaging, digitization and analysis of
... reconstructing entire neurons or multicellular structures at high resolution. New developments in image analysis and visualization are needed to provide faster, more accurate adaptive segmentation and automatic reconstruction with minimal user interaction, for use with large data sets. A particular ...
... reconstructing entire neurons or multicellular structures at high resolution. New developments in image analysis and visualization are needed to provide faster, more accurate adaptive segmentation and automatic reconstruction with minimal user interaction, for use with large data sets. A particular ...
Andrea Kádár
... precisely determined in rats, limited information is available currently about the distribution of these neurons in mice, the most frequently used animal model of the current days. Thyroid hormones regulate the TRH synthesis of hypophysiotropic neurons by negative feedback regulation. OATP1C1, the p ...
... precisely determined in rats, limited information is available currently about the distribution of these neurons in mice, the most frequently used animal model of the current days. Thyroid hormones regulate the TRH synthesis of hypophysiotropic neurons by negative feedback regulation. OATP1C1, the p ...
Different levels of Ih determine distinct temporal integration in
... behaviour. Although this classification into two neuronal classes is well described, it is unknown how these two classes of neurons contribute to the integration of input to the subiculum. Here, we report that bursting neurons posses a hyperpolarization-activated cation current (I h ) that is two-fo ...
... behaviour. Although this classification into two neuronal classes is well described, it is unknown how these two classes of neurons contribute to the integration of input to the subiculum. Here, we report that bursting neurons posses a hyperpolarization-activated cation current (I h ) that is two-fo ...
Optimal Sizes of Dendritic and Axonal Arbors
... experimental studies of inter-neuronal connectivity are difficult and the connectivity data is scarce. At the same time neuroanatomists possess much data on cellular morphology and have powerful techniques to image neuronal shapes. This suggests using morphological data to infer inter-neuronal conne ...
... experimental studies of inter-neuronal connectivity are difficult and the connectivity data is scarce. At the same time neuroanatomists possess much data on cellular morphology and have powerful techniques to image neuronal shapes. This suggests using morphological data to infer inter-neuronal conne ...
Neurons in red nucleus and primary motor cortex exhibit similar
... reaching (Sinkjaer et al., 1995; van Kan and McCurdy, 2001, 2002a,b). A recent hypothesis proposes that the volitional motor system may act like an optimal feedback controller (Todorov and Jordan, 2002; Todorov, 2004). This framework highlights the importance of afferent feedback for voluntary contr ...
... reaching (Sinkjaer et al., 1995; van Kan and McCurdy, 2001, 2002a,b). A recent hypothesis proposes that the volitional motor system may act like an optimal feedback controller (Todorov and Jordan, 2002; Todorov, 2004). This framework highlights the importance of afferent feedback for voluntary contr ...
Macrophages Promote Axon Regeneration with Concurrent Neurotoxicity
... Figure 3. Zymosan-activated macrophages modify the surrounding microenvironment creating passages for axon growth. A, B, A three-dimensional (3D) schematic showing the formation of a graded column of activated microglia and macrophages emanating from a zymosan injection site (A, B, D, green). Phagoc ...
... Figure 3. Zymosan-activated macrophages modify the surrounding microenvironment creating passages for axon growth. A, B, A three-dimensional (3D) schematic showing the formation of a graded column of activated microglia and macrophages emanating from a zymosan injection site (A, B, D, green). Phagoc ...
Mouse Nerve Growth Factor Prevents Degeneration of Axotomized
... 3-7 kg) were used as subjects in this study. Seven animals were anesthetized with halothane, intubated, and artificially ventilated, 3 animals served as unoperated controls. To facilitate brain relaxation and minimize retraction pressure, mannitol(20%) was infused systemically over 30 min (2 gm/kg, ...
... 3-7 kg) were used as subjects in this study. Seven animals were anesthetized with halothane, intubated, and artificially ventilated, 3 animals served as unoperated controls. To facilitate brain relaxation and minimize retraction pressure, mannitol(20%) was infused systemically over 30 min (2 gm/kg, ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VISUAL AREA MT
... Around the same time, Allman & Kaas (1971) were recording from owl monkeys and using a different approach. They made systematic rows of microelectrode penetrations across the entire cortex, mapping receptive fields as they went, thus discovering a large number of retinotopically organized maps. One o ...
... Around the same time, Allman & Kaas (1971) were recording from owl monkeys and using a different approach. They made systematic rows of microelectrode penetrations across the entire cortex, mapping receptive fields as they went, thus discovering a large number of retinotopically organized maps. One o ...
Ion Channels in Bursting Neurons
... are taken from experiments on the somata of periodically bursting molluscan neurons including those found in the sea slugs Aplysia and Tritonia as well as neurons in other related marine molluscs. As in the case of the squid giant axon, these cells have been extensively studied because their size an ...
... are taken from experiments on the somata of periodically bursting molluscan neurons including those found in the sea slugs Aplysia and Tritonia as well as neurons in other related marine molluscs. As in the case of the squid giant axon, these cells have been extensively studied because their size an ...
Cell-Type Specific Channelopathies in the Prefrontal Cortex of the
... the ratio of the fast Fourier transform of the voltage response to the fast Fourier transform of the current injection. The peak of the ZAP was defined as the resonant frequency. Single action potentials (APs) were elicited using just-threshold current injections of various durations. AP threshold w ...
... the ratio of the fast Fourier transform of the voltage response to the fast Fourier transform of the current injection. The peak of the ZAP was defined as the resonant frequency. Single action potentials (APs) were elicited using just-threshold current injections of various durations. AP threshold w ...
Does the Conventional Leaky Integrate-and
... A number of studies have addressed the mechanism of synchronization in a feed-forward neural network (Hermann et al 1995, Diesmann 1999, Marsalek 1997, Feng 1997, Burkitt 1999). In some of these studies, the problem is considered in the neuron pool level (Hermann 1995, Diesmann 1999), while the oth ...
... A number of studies have addressed the mechanism of synchronization in a feed-forward neural network (Hermann et al 1995, Diesmann 1999, Marsalek 1997, Feng 1997, Burkitt 1999). In some of these studies, the problem is considered in the neuron pool level (Hermann 1995, Diesmann 1999), while the oth ...
Axonogenesis in the Brain of Zebrafish Embryos
... the cell bodiesof neuronswhich have begun axonogenesis.It is likely that embryonic axons are labeled to the baseof growth conessincebroad, unlabeled processescan be seenat the distal end of labeledaxons with DIC optics (data not shown).Labeled axons are readily distinguishablefrom cilia or ependymal ...
... the cell bodiesof neuronswhich have begun axonogenesis.It is likely that embryonic axons are labeled to the baseof growth conessincebroad, unlabeled processescan be seenat the distal end of labeledaxons with DIC optics (data not shown).Labeled axons are readily distinguishablefrom cilia or ependymal ...
In VivoCalcium Imaging Reveals Functional Rewiring of Single
... taking on the functional roles of lost tissues. Although this model is well supported by data, it is not clear how activity in single neurons is altered in relation to cortical functional maps. It is conceivable that individual surviving neurons could adopt new roles at the expense of their usual fu ...
... taking on the functional roles of lost tissues. Although this model is well supported by data, it is not clear how activity in single neurons is altered in relation to cortical functional maps. It is conceivable that individual surviving neurons could adopt new roles at the expense of their usual fu ...
Modulation of Sympathetic and Somatomotor Function by the
... stimulus ramp) was used as a measure of resting motor tone. The motor response to noxious stimulation was calculated as the difference between the integrated EMG activity for 30 s before and 30 s beginning at the start of the plateau phase of the stimulus and including the 3- (paw) or 4.5-s (tail) p ...
... stimulus ramp) was used as a measure of resting motor tone. The motor response to noxious stimulation was calculated as the difference between the integrated EMG activity for 30 s before and 30 s beginning at the start of the plateau phase of the stimulus and including the 3- (paw) or 4.5-s (tail) p ...
Neuronal Correlates of Sensorimotor Association in Stimulus
... changed from one block of trials to the next. The activity of 9% of the neurons recorded in the auditory cortex was found to differ not only according to the stimulus type but also the stimulus-response (S-R) mapping rule. Vaadia et al.'s study is more closely related to reversal learning than to SR ...
... changed from one block of trials to the next. The activity of 9% of the neurons recorded in the auditory cortex was found to differ not only according to the stimulus type but also the stimulus-response (S-R) mapping rule. Vaadia et al.'s study is more closely related to reversal learning than to SR ...
Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the rat
... (P16, Grass). Single unit activity was visualized (signal-to-noise ratio of at least 3:1) on a digital storage oscilloscope (2211 Tektronix) as filtered (AC, band-pass 0.3-10 kHz) and unfiltered signals (DC) and listened with an audiomonitor (AM8, Grass). The AC trace was used for the on-line count ...
... (P16, Grass). Single unit activity was visualized (signal-to-noise ratio of at least 3:1) on a digital storage oscilloscope (2211 Tektronix) as filtered (AC, band-pass 0.3-10 kHz) and unfiltered signals (DC) and listened with an audiomonitor (AM8, Grass). The AC trace was used for the on-line count ...