Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the rat
... (P16, Grass). Single unit activity was visualized (signal-to-noise ratio of at least 3:1) on a digital storage oscilloscope (2211 Tektronix) as filtered (AC, band-pass 0.3-10 kHz) and unfiltered signals (DC) and listened with an audiomonitor (AM8, Grass). The AC trace was used for the on-line count ...
... (P16, Grass). Single unit activity was visualized (signal-to-noise ratio of at least 3:1) on a digital storage oscilloscope (2211 Tektronix) as filtered (AC, band-pass 0.3-10 kHz) and unfiltered signals (DC) and listened with an audiomonitor (AM8, Grass). The AC trace was used for the on-line count ...
Forecasting & Demand Planner Module 4 – Basic Concepts
... • human information processing system consists of brain neuron: basic building block – cell that communicates information to and from various parts of body ...
... • human information processing system consists of brain neuron: basic building block – cell that communicates information to and from various parts of body ...
Structure and Function of Visual Area MT
... Around the same time, Allman & Kaas (1971) were recording from owl monkeys and using a different approach. They made systematic rows of microelectrode penetrations across the entire cortex, mapping receptive fields as they went, thus discovering a large number of retinotopically organized maps. One o ...
... Around the same time, Allman & Kaas (1971) were recording from owl monkeys and using a different approach. They made systematic rows of microelectrode penetrations across the entire cortex, mapping receptive fields as they went, thus discovering a large number of retinotopically organized maps. One o ...
Prenatal morphine exposure alters the layer II/III pyramidal neurons
... Altered cortical neuronal morphology and juvenle behavior manifestation by prenatal morphine exposure were well documented. However, this developmental morphine exposure affect the lateral secondary visual area (V2L), which may be critically involved in the multisensory of auditory and visual stimul ...
... Altered cortical neuronal morphology and juvenle behavior manifestation by prenatal morphine exposure were well documented. However, this developmental morphine exposure affect the lateral secondary visual area (V2L), which may be critically involved in the multisensory of auditory and visual stimul ...
Fluorescent in situ hybridization technique for cell type identification
... inhibitory neurons [23]. These two types can be unambiguously identified by expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1) and GABA or GABA synthesizing enzyme GAD, respectively [10,33]. The subtypes of inhibitory neurons can further be classified by expression of several well-known marker ...
... inhibitory neurons [23]. These two types can be unambiguously identified by expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1) and GABA or GABA synthesizing enzyme GAD, respectively [10,33]. The subtypes of inhibitory neurons can further be classified by expression of several well-known marker ...
Dissociation of Mnemonic Coding and Other Functional Neuronal
... 33, 73%) fired in relation to the delay period. Of the delay-related neurons, 26 (79%) were spatially selective. The number of spatially selective delay-related neurons of the whole population of recorded neurons was 18%. Twelve task-related neurons (27%) fired in relation to the response period of ...
... 33, 73%) fired in relation to the delay period. Of the delay-related neurons, 26 (79%) were spatially selective. The number of spatially selective delay-related neurons of the whole population of recorded neurons was 18%. Twelve task-related neurons (27%) fired in relation to the response period of ...
Axonal morphometry of hippocampal pyramidal neurons semi
... the dorsal hippocampus (towards the septal pole). The third neuron was from the posterior/ventral area (CA3pv) in the temporal pole. The reconstruction system was validated by comparing the morphology of the CA3c neuron with that traced from the same cell by a different operator on a standard commer ...
... the dorsal hippocampus (towards the septal pole). The third neuron was from the posterior/ventral area (CA3pv) in the temporal pole. The reconstruction system was validated by comparing the morphology of the CA3c neuron with that traced from the same cell by a different operator on a standard commer ...
〈541〉 TITRIMETRY
... reaction is not rapid, a residual titration may sometimes be successful. In general, complexometric indicators are themselves complexing agents. The reaction between metal ion and indicator must be rapid and reversible. The equilibrium constant for formation of the metal-indicator complex should be ...
... reaction is not rapid, a residual titration may sometimes be successful. In general, complexometric indicators are themselves complexing agents. The reaction between metal ion and indicator must be rapid and reversible. The equilibrium constant for formation of the metal-indicator complex should be ...
Zinc Alters Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotoxicity on Cortical Neurons
... protective effect of Zn on NMDA neurotoxicity, the protective effect of Zn on glutamate showeda U-shapedZn concentration dependence,with maximal protective effect at 300 FM (Fig. 7). Even at 300 PM Zn, however, there were still substantial amounts of residualglutamate-induced neuronal injury, in dis ...
... protective effect of Zn on NMDA neurotoxicity, the protective effect of Zn on glutamate showeda U-shapedZn concentration dependence,with maximal protective effect at 300 FM (Fig. 7). Even at 300 PM Zn, however, there were still substantial amounts of residualglutamate-induced neuronal injury, in dis ...
Developmental mechanics of the primate cerebral cortex
... we illustrate the substantial impact of mechanical forces on the development, morphology, and functioning of the primate cerebral cortex. Based on the analysis of quantitative structural data for prefrontal cortices of the adult rhesus monkey, we demonstrate that (1) the characteristic shape of cort ...
... we illustrate the substantial impact of mechanical forces on the development, morphology, and functioning of the primate cerebral cortex. Based on the analysis of quantitative structural data for prefrontal cortices of the adult rhesus monkey, we demonstrate that (1) the characteristic shape of cort ...
Impact of acute inflammation on spinal motoneuron synaptic
... band of 38 kDa on immunoblotting, corresponding to the protein P38 as described previously [15,16]. The immunolabeling pattern observed here was similar to that in other studies of mouse neurons, providing a characteristic punctate labeling [17,18]. The antibody against glial fibrillary acidic prote ...
... band of 38 kDa on immunoblotting, corresponding to the protein P38 as described previously [15,16]. The immunolabeling pattern observed here was similar to that in other studies of mouse neurons, providing a characteristic punctate labeling [17,18]. The antibody against glial fibrillary acidic prote ...
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... band of 38 kDa on immunoblotting, corresponding to the protein P38 as described previously [15,16]. The immunolabeling pattern observed here was similar to that in other studies of mouse neurons, providing a characteristic punctate labeling [17,18]. The antibody against glial fibrillary acidic prote ...
... band of 38 kDa on immunoblotting, corresponding to the protein P38 as described previously [15,16]. The immunolabeling pattern observed here was similar to that in other studies of mouse neurons, providing a characteristic punctate labeling [17,18]. The antibody against glial fibrillary acidic prote ...
Methods of Studying The Nervous System - U
... • Lesion studies must be interpreted with caution; a lesion inevitably damages structures other than the one that the surgeon targeted, and lesions seldom completely remove a structure that is targeted ...
... • Lesion studies must be interpreted with caution; a lesion inevitably damages structures other than the one that the surgeon targeted, and lesions seldom completely remove a structure that is targeted ...
Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Activity in the Alert Monkey During Three
... these 158 neurons, 120 were also tested during yaw stimulation and 61 during static tilt. For 53 neurons, all three conditions (dynamic vertical and horizontal stimulation as well as static tilt) were applied. Neurons responding to dynamic vertical stimulation composed Ç15–20% of the neurons tested. ...
... these 158 neurons, 120 were also tested during yaw stimulation and 61 during static tilt. For 53 neurons, all three conditions (dynamic vertical and horizontal stimulation as well as static tilt) were applied. Neurons responding to dynamic vertical stimulation composed Ç15–20% of the neurons tested. ...
Relationship of Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus–Globus Pallidus
... (0.1–100 Hz) and amplified (2000 times) with a N L104 preamplifier (Digitimer), collected on tape with concurrent spiking activity, and displayed on the same oscilloscope. Cortical spreading depression was elicited by the topical application of a 3 M potassium acetate solution unilaterally to the su ...
... (0.1–100 Hz) and amplified (2000 times) with a N L104 preamplifier (Digitimer), collected on tape with concurrent spiking activity, and displayed on the same oscilloscope. Cortical spreading depression was elicited by the topical application of a 3 M potassium acetate solution unilaterally to the su ...
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... to a few well-known limitations in prior neural network models (e.g., see the array of criticisms by Marvin Minsky in Minsky, 1991). Weng (2011) argued that we have overcome such limitations. The motivational systems are often referred to as diffuse systems in the sense that each modulatory neuron i ...
... to a few well-known limitations in prior neural network models (e.g., see the array of criticisms by Marvin Minsky in Minsky, 1991). Weng (2011) argued that we have overcome such limitations. The motivational systems are often referred to as diffuse systems in the sense that each modulatory neuron i ...
C-fos Expression in the Pons and Medulla of the Cat during
... the EEG. Another pair of screws were threaded into the orbital portion of the frontal bone to monitor electro-oculographic (EGG) activity. Bipolar strut electrodes were implanted bilaterally into the lateral geniculate nuclei [A 5.5, L 9, H 5, according to Berman’s (1968) coordinates]; these electro ...
... the EEG. Another pair of screws were threaded into the orbital portion of the frontal bone to monitor electro-oculographic (EGG) activity. Bipolar strut electrodes were implanted bilaterally into the lateral geniculate nuclei [A 5.5, L 9, H 5, according to Berman’s (1968) coordinates]; these electro ...
Decision Making in Recurrent Neuronal Circuits
... Review have been developed and applied to various experimental paradigms, including perceptual tasks that involve both decision making and working memory, action selection and preparation, learning flexible sensorimotor associations, and reward-based economic choice behaviors such as foraging or int ...
... Review have been developed and applied to various experimental paradigms, including perceptual tasks that involve both decision making and working memory, action selection and preparation, learning flexible sensorimotor associations, and reward-based economic choice behaviors such as foraging or int ...
Shapes and Level Tolerances of Frequency Tuning Curves in
... that eFTC are best thought of as forming a continuum of shapes, rather than falling into discrete categories. A1 eFTCs tended to be more level tolerant than eFTCs from earlier stations in the ascending auditory system as inferred from other studies. While individual peaks of multipeaked eFTCs were s ...
... that eFTC are best thought of as forming a continuum of shapes, rather than falling into discrete categories. A1 eFTCs tended to be more level tolerant than eFTCs from earlier stations in the ascending auditory system as inferred from other studies. While individual peaks of multipeaked eFTCs were s ...
empathize with fictional characters
... ‘mirror’ suggests a complete equivalence between the performed action and the perceived action, the majority of mirror neurons code the motor aspect of our own actions and the perceptual aspects of the actions of other people in more complex ways. Indeed, there are two major classes of mirror neuron ...
... ‘mirror’ suggests a complete equivalence between the performed action and the perceived action, the majority of mirror neurons code the motor aspect of our own actions and the perceptual aspects of the actions of other people in more complex ways. Indeed, there are two major classes of mirror neuron ...
Distinct core thalamocortical pathways to central and dorsal primary
... (Schreiner et al., 2000). The cNB region has the highest spectral resolution (Q factor) measured with sound level at 40 decibels above threshold (Q40). A small dNB region has higher spectral resolution than adjacent cBB and dBB regions but lower median spectral resolution than the cNB region (Imaizu ...
... (Schreiner et al., 2000). The cNB region has the highest spectral resolution (Q factor) measured with sound level at 40 decibels above threshold (Q40). A small dNB region has higher spectral resolution than adjacent cBB and dBB regions but lower median spectral resolution than the cNB region (Imaizu ...
Intracellular calcium concentration and calcium transport in
... varying the NaCl content. Calcium extrusion experiments are performed in TCI99 at 37°C. Calcium-sensitive microelectrodes are made according to methodology employed by Jacob, 4 and suitable electrodes are in the resistance range of 80200 megohms. All electrodes, voltage and ion-sensitive, are calibr ...
... varying the NaCl content. Calcium extrusion experiments are performed in TCI99 at 37°C. Calcium-sensitive microelectrodes are made according to methodology employed by Jacob, 4 and suitable electrodes are in the resistance range of 80200 megohms. All electrodes, voltage and ion-sensitive, are calibr ...
Chapter 4 monkey
... averaged across cells. We determined the significance of differences in response strength between stimuli in various time windows, applying paired t-tests for the population data. We defined the target selection activity (attentional modulation) of the FEF neurons as the difference between responses ...
... averaged across cells. We determined the significance of differences in response strength between stimuli in various time windows, applying paired t-tests for the population data. We defined the target selection activity (attentional modulation) of the FEF neurons as the difference between responses ...