Orexinergic Input to Dopaminergic Neurons of the Human Ventral
... immunohistochemistry was used and orexinergic projections to the VTA and to DA neurons of the neighboring substantia nigra (SN) were analyzed comparatively in adult male humans and rats. Orexin B-immunoreactive (IR) axons apposed to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-IR DA and to non-DA neurons were scarce i ...
... immunohistochemistry was used and orexinergic projections to the VTA and to DA neurons of the neighboring substantia nigra (SN) were analyzed comparatively in adult male humans and rats. Orexin B-immunoreactive (IR) axons apposed to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-IR DA and to non-DA neurons were scarce i ...
Fates of Visual Cortical Neurons in the Ferret After lsochronic and
... physiological properties and connections (Caviness, 1976; Drlger, 198 1; Lemmon and Pearlman, 198 1). These findings suggest that normal migration is not crucial to the determination of cell type. Similar conclusions have been reached in a second line of experiments, in which the migration of cortic ...
... physiological properties and connections (Caviness, 1976; Drlger, 198 1; Lemmon and Pearlman, 198 1). These findings suggest that normal migration is not crucial to the determination of cell type. Similar conclusions have been reached in a second line of experiments, in which the migration of cortic ...
Afferents of dopamine neurons
... neurons innervate other regions of the basal ganglia Loss of dopamine at the level of the GP and/or the STN may account for some of the changes in Parkinson’s disease Degree of collateralization of individual neurons? Single cell filling studies ...
... neurons innervate other regions of the basal ganglia Loss of dopamine at the level of the GP and/or the STN may account for some of the changes in Parkinson’s disease Degree of collateralization of individual neurons? Single cell filling studies ...
Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits
... previously fear conditioned. Like in awake and behaving animals, CEl neurons recorded in anaesthetized mice were spontaneously active (Fig. 2d, e) and displayed both excitatory (5 of 12 neurons) and inhibitory (2 of 12 neurons) CS responses (Fig. 2d, e). Morphological reconstruction of neurobiotin-f ...
... previously fear conditioned. Like in awake and behaving animals, CEl neurons recorded in anaesthetized mice were spontaneously active (Fig. 2d, e) and displayed both excitatory (5 of 12 neurons) and inhibitory (2 of 12 neurons) CS responses (Fig. 2d, e). Morphological reconstruction of neurobiotin-f ...
Neuropeptide-Mediated Facilitation and Inhibition of Sensory Inputs
... used to investigate the behavioral effects of sensory modulation in mammals (see Wiesenfeld-Hallin 1995). However, in these preparations, it is difficult to obtain detailed mechanistic explanations at the cellular and synaptic levels. Conversely, although detailed cellular information was obtained w ...
... used to investigate the behavioral effects of sensory modulation in mammals (see Wiesenfeld-Hallin 1995). However, in these preparations, it is difficult to obtain detailed mechanistic explanations at the cellular and synaptic levels. Conversely, although detailed cellular information was obtained w ...
Quantified Distribution of the Noradrenaline Innervation in the
... horn (CAl, CA3-a, CA3-b) and the medial blade (DG-mb), crest (DGc), and lateral blade (DG-lb) of the DG. The exact areas (sectors) to be counted consisted of columns comprising 4-8 rectangular counting windows according to the hippocampal region examined (Fig. 1). From one section and one rat to ano ...
... horn (CAl, CA3-a, CA3-b) and the medial blade (DG-mb), crest (DGc), and lateral blade (DG-lb) of the DG. The exact areas (sectors) to be counted consisted of columns comprising 4-8 rectangular counting windows according to the hippocampal region examined (Fig. 1). From one section and one rat to ano ...
Visual Response Properties in the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate
... We present a quantitative description of single-cell visual response properties in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of anesthetized adult mice lacking the 2 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (2⫺/⫺) and compare these response properties with data from wild-type animals. So ...
... We present a quantitative description of single-cell visual response properties in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of anesthetized adult mice lacking the 2 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (2⫺/⫺) and compare these response properties with data from wild-type animals. So ...
Swim Initiation Neurons in Tritonia diomedea1
... As reported previously (Frost and Katz, 1996), directly activating DRI using intracellular stimulation elicits the swim motor program (Fig. 2), while hyperpolarizing a single DRI prevents the nerve shock-elicited motor program. These findings satisfy the most stringent criteria for inclusion of DRI ...
... As reported previously (Frost and Katz, 1996), directly activating DRI using intracellular stimulation elicits the swim motor program (Fig. 2), while hyperpolarizing a single DRI prevents the nerve shock-elicited motor program. These findings satisfy the most stringent criteria for inclusion of DRI ...
Anatomy and regulation of the central melanocortin system
... release of GABA from NPY terminals synapsing onto POMC neurons (Fig. 2); in addition, immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that many POMC cell bodies are contacted by terminals containing both GABA and NPY37. In addition to characterization of leptin action, this preparation was also used to demon ...
... release of GABA from NPY terminals synapsing onto POMC neurons (Fig. 2); in addition, immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that many POMC cell bodies are contacted by terminals containing both GABA and NPY37. In addition to characterization of leptin action, this preparation was also used to demon ...
Reflections on agranular architecture: predictive coding in the motor
... scenario enables predictions about what may happen next. If a head is turning, for instance, a frontal view of a face may soon be replaced by a profile [22]. Generative models are necessarily hierarchical (in space and time). If the visual system operates as a generative model, the percept correspon ...
... scenario enables predictions about what may happen next. If a head is turning, for instance, a frontal view of a face may soon be replaced by a profile [22]. Generative models are necessarily hierarchical (in space and time). If the visual system operates as a generative model, the percept correspon ...
Focal local field potential (LFP) signature of the single
... has seen a revival in the last decade (Buzsáki et al., 2012; Einevoll et al., 2013). This signal, which results from transmembrane currents in thousands or more cells in the neural tissue surrounding the recording contact, is generally difficult to interpret, and a detailed mathematical analysis is ne ...
... has seen a revival in the last decade (Buzsáki et al., 2012; Einevoll et al., 2013). This signal, which results from transmembrane currents in thousands or more cells in the neural tissue surrounding the recording contact, is generally difficult to interpret, and a detailed mathematical analysis is ne ...
Predicting spike timing of neocortical pyramidal neurons by simple
... 2004). In particular, for single neurons in vitro, it is well known that the intrinsic reliability of neuronal spike timing on a millisecond time scale is highest if the input current has a large fluctuation amplitude, but much lower when the input is constant or shows small fluctuations only (Maine ...
... 2004). In particular, for single neurons in vitro, it is well known that the intrinsic reliability of neuronal spike timing on a millisecond time scale is highest if the input current has a large fluctuation amplitude, but much lower when the input is constant or shows small fluctuations only (Maine ...
Focal local field potential (LFP) signature of the single
... has seen a revival in the last decade (Buzsáki et al., 2012; Einevoll et al., 2013). This signal, which results from transmembrane currents in thousands or more cells in the neural tissue surrounding the recording contact, is generally difficult to interpret, and a detailed mathematical analysis is ne ...
... has seen a revival in the last decade (Buzsáki et al., 2012; Einevoll et al., 2013). This signal, which results from transmembrane currents in thousands or more cells in the neural tissue surrounding the recording contact, is generally difficult to interpret, and a detailed mathematical analysis is ne ...
Role of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus in rat whisker pad
... receptors on the whisker pad because pad muscles operate without muscle spindles. This study was aimed to investigate in rats whether the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (TMnu), which provides proprioceptive feedback for chewing muscles, may be also involved in whisker pad proprioception. Methods: ...
... receptors on the whisker pad because pad muscles operate without muscle spindles. This study was aimed to investigate in rats whether the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (TMnu), which provides proprioceptive feedback for chewing muscles, may be also involved in whisker pad proprioception. Methods: ...
Glia–Neuron Interactions in Nervous System Function
... There are three broad possibilities concerning the roles of glia in the nervous system: (1) they may have no role, (2) they may have a role that is completely independent of the neurons with which they physically associate, or (3) they might function in concert with neurons to perform nervous system ...
... There are three broad possibilities concerning the roles of glia in the nervous system: (1) they may have no role, (2) they may have a role that is completely independent of the neurons with which they physically associate, or (3) they might function in concert with neurons to perform nervous system ...
Presence of vesicular glutamate transporter-2 in
... accumulation of grain clusters in several diencephalic nuclei, including the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH; Fig. 1A) and the PVa (Fig. 1B). The ARH contained only few VGLUT2 neurons, most of which were localized laterally within the nucleus. These glutamatergic cells were labelled lightly o ...
... accumulation of grain clusters in several diencephalic nuclei, including the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH; Fig. 1A) and the PVa (Fig. 1B). The ARH contained only few VGLUT2 neurons, most of which were localized laterally within the nucleus. These glutamatergic cells were labelled lightly o ...
the functional properties of the light
... system, for it is known to receive convergent inputs from both the geniculostriate and the collicular portions of the visual system. The striate and the prestriate areas are believed to project upon the inferior parietal lobule over a multiple-stage, transcortical system. Area 7 also receives and pr ...
... system, for it is known to receive convergent inputs from both the geniculostriate and the collicular portions of the visual system. The striate and the prestriate areas are believed to project upon the inferior parietal lobule over a multiple-stage, transcortical system. Area 7 also receives and pr ...
View the Program Guide - International Society for Stem Cell Research
... The Stem Cell Models of Neural Regeneration and Disease International Symposium is located in the Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD) Research Center and Cluster of Excellence at the TU Dresden. All program sessions will be in The Auditorium, Ground Floor. The Tuesday, 2 February Break- ...
... The Stem Cell Models of Neural Regeneration and Disease International Symposium is located in the Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD) Research Center and Cluster of Excellence at the TU Dresden. All program sessions will be in The Auditorium, Ground Floor. The Tuesday, 2 February Break- ...
Axo-axonic synapses formed by somatostatin
... morphologically heterogeneous (Peters and Harriman [1990] J. Neurocytol. 19:154 –174), and some terminals lack parvalbumin (PV) and contain calbindin (Del Rio and DeFelipe [1997] J. Comp. Neurol. 342:389 – 408), that is also expressed by many SOM-immunoreactive neurons (Kubota et al. [1994] Brain Re ...
... morphologically heterogeneous (Peters and Harriman [1990] J. Neurocytol. 19:154 –174), and some terminals lack parvalbumin (PV) and contain calbindin (Del Rio and DeFelipe [1997] J. Comp. Neurol. 342:389 – 408), that is also expressed by many SOM-immunoreactive neurons (Kubota et al. [1994] Brain Re ...
The Dorsal Visual System Predicts Future and Remembers Past Eye
... tonic eye-position-related activity during fixation. In addition, they showed a variety of transient changes in activity around the time of saccades, including relative suppression, enhancement, and pre-saccadic bursts for one saccade direction over another. We show that a hypothetical neuron that p ...
... tonic eye-position-related activity during fixation. In addition, they showed a variety of transient changes in activity around the time of saccades, including relative suppression, enhancement, and pre-saccadic bursts for one saccade direction over another. We show that a hypothetical neuron that p ...
“Congruent” and “Opposite” Neurons: Sisters for Multisensory
... with each other via reciprocal connections, so that optimal information processing is achieved at each local processor distributively [7]. This architecture was supported by a number of experimental findings, including the involvement of multiple, rather than a single, brain areas in visual-vestibul ...
... with each other via reciprocal connections, so that optimal information processing is achieved at each local processor distributively [7]. This architecture was supported by a number of experimental findings, including the involvement of multiple, rather than a single, brain areas in visual-vestibul ...
The role of nitric oxide in the hypothalamic control of LHRH and
... nitric oxide synthase [15, 18, 133, 140] and estrogen receptors [90]. In the ventrolateral aspect of the nucleus, the estrogen receptors have been found to be expressed in numerous NADPH-d-positive neurons (Fig. 10) [18, 97] indicating a potential role of NO in sexual behavior. The biological signif ...
... nitric oxide synthase [15, 18, 133, 140] and estrogen receptors [90]. In the ventrolateral aspect of the nucleus, the estrogen receptors have been found to be expressed in numerous NADPH-d-positive neurons (Fig. 10) [18, 97] indicating a potential role of NO in sexual behavior. The biological signif ...
supplemental figures
... Figure S15. Fano factor of the recorded neurons in olfactory task was correlated with sustained attention. (a) Trend of normalized fano factor in correct trials of all recorded neurons at the three TSI values aligned to the time from trigger. (b) Comparisons in fano factor among different time wind ...
... Figure S15. Fano factor of the recorded neurons in olfactory task was correlated with sustained attention. (a) Trend of normalized fano factor in correct trials of all recorded neurons at the three TSI values aligned to the time from trigger. (b) Comparisons in fano factor among different time wind ...
Synaptic function: Dendritic democracy
... recordings directly from the dendrites, offering the opportunity to investigate directly the mechanisms that underlie this synaptic scaling. These techniques have been used by Magee and Cook [6] in a recent study which examined the relationship between dendritic distance and synaptic efficacy in hip ...
... recordings directly from the dendrites, offering the opportunity to investigate directly the mechanisms that underlie this synaptic scaling. These techniques have been used by Magee and Cook [6] in a recent study which examined the relationship between dendritic distance and synaptic efficacy in hip ...