Synaptic function: Dendritic democracy
... recordings directly from the dendrites, offering the opportunity to investigate directly the mechanisms that underlie this synaptic scaling. These techniques have been used by Magee and Cook [6] in a recent study which examined the relationship between dendritic distance and synaptic efficacy in hip ...
... recordings directly from the dendrites, offering the opportunity to investigate directly the mechanisms that underlie this synaptic scaling. These techniques have been used by Magee and Cook [6] in a recent study which examined the relationship between dendritic distance and synaptic efficacy in hip ...
identification of central cholinergic neurons containing both choline
... was localized immunohistochemically and AChE was localized histochemically in normal, colchicinetreated, or diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)-treated rats, either in neighboring sections by standard procedures or simultaneously in the same sections by immunofluorescence for ChAT, followed by photogra ...
... was localized immunohistochemically and AChE was localized histochemically in normal, colchicinetreated, or diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)-treated rats, either in neighboring sections by standard procedures or simultaneously in the same sections by immunofluorescence for ChAT, followed by photogra ...
Properties and Functional Role of Voltage
... channels were activated by passively spread sodium spikes recorded at the same position, and experiments using dual recordings showed that the channels serve to actively dampen back-propagation of somatic sodium spikes. In more distal dendrites, potassium currents were activated by voltage waveforms ...
... channels were activated by passively spread sodium spikes recorded at the same position, and experiments using dual recordings showed that the channels serve to actively dampen back-propagation of somatic sodium spikes. In more distal dendrites, potassium currents were activated by voltage waveforms ...
Cellular, synaptic and network effects of neuromodulation
... that current and the neuron’s firing properties. This can occur because there is a non-trivial relationship between the maximal conductances found in a neuron and its intrinsic properties. This is illustrated in a recent modeling study (Goldman, Golowasch, Marder, & Abbott, 2001) in which the maxima ...
... that current and the neuron’s firing properties. This can occur because there is a non-trivial relationship between the maximal conductances found in a neuron and its intrinsic properties. This is illustrated in a recent modeling study (Goldman, Golowasch, Marder, & Abbott, 2001) in which the maxima ...
Temporal Profiles of Axon Terminals, Synapses and Spines in the
... dendritic beading after temporary hypoxia/hypoglycemia followed by recovery,11,12 and a LMS study using horseradish protein injection showed beading of dendrites in the CA-1 of the hippocampus after temporary ischemia.14 Also an EM study on the CA-1 showed degeneration and shrinkage of dendrite arou ...
... dendritic beading after temporary hypoxia/hypoglycemia followed by recovery,11,12 and a LMS study using horseradish protein injection showed beading of dendrites in the CA-1 of the hippocampus after temporary ischemia.14 Also an EM study on the CA-1 showed degeneration and shrinkage of dendrite arou ...
Increased responses in trigeminocervical nociceptive neurons to cervical input after
... facial and cervical receptive ®eld, including the cornea, was assessed in all three trigeminal innervation territories and upper cervical roots, respectively. Additionally, input from suboccipital neck muscles and dura mater was also tested. The mechanoreceptive ®eld was mapped by applying non-noxio ...
... facial and cervical receptive ®eld, including the cornea, was assessed in all three trigeminal innervation territories and upper cervical roots, respectively. Additionally, input from suboccipital neck muscles and dura mater was also tested. The mechanoreceptive ®eld was mapped by applying non-noxio ...
Developmental regulation and individual differences of neuronal
... activities (15/20 genes) (FDR = 8.4 e−12, 9.4 e−7, and 4.6 e−11). Fig. 3 shows that there are two tightly connected components in the enriched biological processes, one centered on neuron development and the other on synaptic transmission. Among the genes with neuron-specific H3K4me3 peaks are many k ...
... activities (15/20 genes) (FDR = 8.4 e−12, 9.4 e−7, and 4.6 e−11). Fig. 3 shows that there are two tightly connected components in the enriched biological processes, one centered on neuron development and the other on synaptic transmission. Among the genes with neuron-specific H3K4me3 peaks are many k ...
Figure and Ground in the Visual Cortex: V2 Combines Stereoscopic
... Two main experiments were performed. The aim of experiment 1 was to determine if side-of-figure preference and stereoscopic edge preference are combined in a systematic way in single neurons. The two hypothetical mechanisms were tested separately: side-offigure selectivity was determined with contra ...
... Two main experiments were performed. The aim of experiment 1 was to determine if side-of-figure preference and stereoscopic edge preference are combined in a systematic way in single neurons. The two hypothetical mechanisms were tested separately: side-offigure selectivity was determined with contra ...
Dynamics of Learning and Recall ... Recurrent Synapses and Cholinergic Modulation
... strength of voltage-dependent calcium currents, 0 is the constant for diffusion of intracellular calcium, and 0, is the threshold for activation of voltage-dependent calcium currents. Note that these equations describe just the intrinsic properties of an individual neuron, neglecting the terms for s ...
... strength of voltage-dependent calcium currents, 0 is the constant for diffusion of intracellular calcium, and 0, is the threshold for activation of voltage-dependent calcium currents. Note that these equations describe just the intrinsic properties of an individual neuron, neglecting the terms for s ...
Wang et al 2photon calcium imaging of odor in fly brain cell 2003
... the brain (Stocker, 1994; Laissue et al., 1999). Individual sensory neurons are likely to express only one of about 80 odorant receptor genes (Clyne et al., 1999; Vosshall et al., 1999; Gao and Chess, 1999; Vosshall et al., 2000; Scott et al., 2001; Dunipace et al., 2001) and 80% of the neurons also ...
... the brain (Stocker, 1994; Laissue et al., 1999). Individual sensory neurons are likely to express only one of about 80 odorant receptor genes (Clyne et al., 1999; Vosshall et al., 1999; Gao and Chess, 1999; Vosshall et al., 2000; Scott et al., 2001; Dunipace et al., 2001) and 80% of the neurons also ...
Temperature Integration at the AC Thermosensory Neurons
... expressed in the AC neurons using TrpA1 SH-Gal4. The AC neurons of the control flies were activated twice as the temperature were continually perfused with modified stanincreased (A). The bar graph shows the mean percentage of fluorescence increase (⌬F/F ) of the AC neurons during the first dard sol ...
... expressed in the AC neurons using TrpA1 SH-Gal4. The AC neurons of the control flies were activated twice as the temperature were continually perfused with modified stanincreased (A). The bar graph shows the mean percentage of fluorescence increase (⌬F/F ) of the AC neurons during the first dard sol ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... Connection probability. The probability of finding a synaptically connected pair of a L4 spiny neuron and a L2/3 interneuron was assessed in D, depicts the reconstruction of the neurons shown in Figure 1 B three different ways: (1) the average number of presynaptic L4 neurons and identifies the pres ...
... Connection probability. The probability of finding a synaptically connected pair of a L4 spiny neuron and a L2/3 interneuron was assessed in D, depicts the reconstruction of the neurons shown in Figure 1 B three different ways: (1) the average number of presynaptic L4 neurons and identifies the pres ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... Chapter 31. Neural Coding and Auditory Perception later on. Moreover, the degradation is not as large as predicted by a binaural processing model [9] based upon the average interaural cross-correlation over the entire stimulus duration. Neurons whose temporal response patterns are most onset-domina ...
... Chapter 31. Neural Coding and Auditory Perception later on. Moreover, the degradation is not as large as predicted by a binaural processing model [9] based upon the average interaural cross-correlation over the entire stimulus duration. Neurons whose temporal response patterns are most onset-domina ...
Target-specific differences in somatodendritic morphology of layer V
... Institute of Neuroscience (formerly Shanghai Brain Research Institute), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China ...
... Institute of Neuroscience (formerly Shanghai Brain Research Institute), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China ...
Receptive Fields of Second-order Neurons in the Olfactory Bulb of
... contrast to positions 0-3, 6, and 7, stimulation of epithelial positions 4 and 5 produced activation of a population of cells in close proximity to the recording electrode, as indicated by the observed negative field potentials. Stimulation of these positions also activated the single neuron, as ind ...
... contrast to positions 0-3, 6, and 7, stimulation of epithelial positions 4 and 5 produced activation of a population of cells in close proximity to the recording electrode, as indicated by the observed negative field potentials. Stimulation of these positions also activated the single neuron, as ind ...
Whisker movements evoked by stimulation of single pyramidal cells
... Neuronal activity in the motor cortex is understood to be correlated with movements, but the impact of action potentials (APs) in single cortical neurons on the generation of movement has not been fully determined. Here we show that trains of APs in single pyramidal cells of rat motor cortex can evo ...
... Neuronal activity in the motor cortex is understood to be correlated with movements, but the impact of action potentials (APs) in single cortical neurons on the generation of movement has not been fully determined. Here we show that trains of APs in single pyramidal cells of rat motor cortex can evo ...
Effects of acetylcholine on neuronal properties in entorhinal cortex James G. Heys
... there are neurons in the MSDB that express a range of classical neurotransmitters and neurohormones, this review focuses on the population of putative cholinergic neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the separate population of GABAergic neurons expressing GAD, which together compr ...
... there are neurons in the MSDB that express a range of classical neurotransmitters and neurohormones, this review focuses on the population of putative cholinergic neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the separate population of GABAergic neurons expressing GAD, which together compr ...
electrophysiological studies of rat substantia nigra neurons in an in
... seven days after MCA occlusion, the SNR became smaller in volume than the control (Fig. 1B). The SNR showed a more marked atrophy after 14 days (Fig. 1C). Neuronal necrosis and gliosis were observed at this stage. Changes in electrical membrane properties of substantia nigra neurons after middle cer ...
... seven days after MCA occlusion, the SNR became smaller in volume than the control (Fig. 1B). The SNR showed a more marked atrophy after 14 days (Fig. 1C). Neuronal necrosis and gliosis were observed at this stage. Changes in electrical membrane properties of substantia nigra neurons after middle cer ...
Prefrontal Neurons Coding Suppression of Specific Saccades
... tients with frontal lobe damage. Despite the clinical importance of suppression, most studies of the frontal lobe (e.g., Hasegawa et al., 1998, 2000a, 2004) in monkeys have dealt with the generation of movement rather than its suppression. The saccadic system provides an excellent model for the supp ...
... tients with frontal lobe damage. Despite the clinical importance of suppression, most studies of the frontal lobe (e.g., Hasegawa et al., 1998, 2000a, 2004) in monkeys have dealt with the generation of movement rather than its suppression. The saccadic system provides an excellent model for the supp ...
`off` responses in cat visual cortical receptive fields
... the RF before and after pairing. This ‘generalization’ protocol made it possible to determine whether the effects were confined to the conditioned region, or extended to the remainder of the RF. Similar conditioning procedures have been used successfully to modify functional properties of visual cor ...
... the RF before and after pairing. This ‘generalization’ protocol made it possible to determine whether the effects were confined to the conditioned region, or extended to the remainder of the RF. Similar conditioning procedures have been used successfully to modify functional properties of visual cor ...
Chapter 20
... iv. Although the sympathetic trunk ganglia extend downward along the entire length of the spine, the ganglia receive preganglionic fibers only from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord. v. The cervical portion of each sympathetic trunk is subdivided into: a. superior cervical ganglion ...
... iv. Although the sympathetic trunk ganglia extend downward along the entire length of the spine, the ganglia receive preganglionic fibers only from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord. v. The cervical portion of each sympathetic trunk is subdivided into: a. superior cervical ganglion ...
Hypothalamus
... into the vasculature which is subsequently metabolized to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II has access to neurons in a region of the nervous system known as the subfornical organ (SFO) that lacks a blood–brain barrier. SFO neurons express angiotensin II receptors and also project to the magnocellular v ...
... into the vasculature which is subsequently metabolized to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II has access to neurons in a region of the nervous system known as the subfornical organ (SFO) that lacks a blood–brain barrier. SFO neurons express angiotensin II receptors and also project to the magnocellular v ...
Fine-scale specificity of cortical networks depends on inhibitory cell
... the same type, however, tend to receive local input from the same cortical layers. Most recently, it has been found that even neighboring neurons of the same anatomical type can, nevertheless, receive input from different sources22,23. This ‘fine-scale’ specificity has been demonstrated using method ...
... the same type, however, tend to receive local input from the same cortical layers. Most recently, it has been found that even neighboring neurons of the same anatomical type can, nevertheless, receive input from different sources22,23. This ‘fine-scale’ specificity has been demonstrated using method ...