Phase synchronization of bursting neurons in clustered small
... subnetwork is a SW network obtained from a regular onedimensional lattice of neurons with periodic boundary conditions. Each neuron is connected to its nearest and next-tonearest neighbors. Then we randomly add new connections among neurons in the lattice with a given intracluster probability pi [17 ...
... subnetwork is a SW network obtained from a regular onedimensional lattice of neurons with periodic boundary conditions. Each neuron is connected to its nearest and next-tonearest neighbors. Then we randomly add new connections among neurons in the lattice with a given intracluster probability pi [17 ...
Action Potential Riddle Quiz
... I am the space between the neurotransmitters leaving one neuron and the dendrites of an adjacent neuron where the message will ...
... I am the space between the neurotransmitters leaving one neuron and the dendrites of an adjacent neuron where the message will ...
Hypocretin-2-Saporin Lesions of the Lateral Hypothalamus Produce
... determine whether there was a change in the amplitude of the diurnal rhythm of sleep, the ratio of sleep during the light-on period versus the light-off period was calculated (Table 1). ␦ power (0.5– 4 Hz) was calculated using the ICELUS software system (M. Opp, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, M ...
... determine whether there was a change in the amplitude of the diurnal rhythm of sleep, the ratio of sleep during the light-on period versus the light-off period was calculated (Table 1). ␦ power (0.5– 4 Hz) was calculated using the ICELUS software system (M. Opp, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, M ...
rEvIEW - McLoon Lab
... do not fully insulate a synapse from the surrounding environment but, instead, allow some flow into and out of the synaptic cleft. For example, at hippocampal synapses, regardless of their size, there are astrocyte-free perimeters, where substances could escape from or enter the synaptic clefts. The ...
... do not fully insulate a synapse from the surrounding environment but, instead, allow some flow into and out of the synaptic cleft. For example, at hippocampal synapses, regardless of their size, there are astrocyte-free perimeters, where substances could escape from or enter the synaptic clefts. The ...
Use of lipophilic dyes in studies of axonal pathfinding in vivo
... netrin-1 was first identified as a chemoattractive molecule for commissural axons (Kennedy et al., 1994; Leonardo et al., 1997; Serafini et al., 1994), and subsequently, it was demonstrated to be a chemorepellent for trochlear motor axons (Colamarino and Tessier-Lavigne, 1995). As both some short- a ...
... netrin-1 was first identified as a chemoattractive molecule for commissural axons (Kennedy et al., 1994; Leonardo et al., 1997; Serafini et al., 1994), and subsequently, it was demonstrated to be a chemorepellent for trochlear motor axons (Colamarino and Tessier-Lavigne, 1995). As both some short- a ...
Preparation for action: one of the key functions of motor cortex.
... information intervenes during processes of movement preparation or planning, but not during those of movement execution. The use of the preparatory paradigm makes it thus possible, first, to dissociate in time movement planning from its execution and, second, to study selectively preparatory process ...
... information intervenes during processes of movement preparation or planning, but not during those of movement execution. The use of the preparatory paradigm makes it thus possible, first, to dissociate in time movement planning from its execution and, second, to study selectively preparatory process ...
Respiratory-related neurons of the fastigial nucleus in response to
... Animals were placed in a Kopf stereotaxic apparatus, and openings were made in the occipital skull (detailed in Ref. 24). Bleeding was controlled by bone wax and absorbable hemostat (Surgicel and/or Gelfoam). The dura was removed, and the underlying tissue was covered with mineral oil. The right C5 ...
... Animals were placed in a Kopf stereotaxic apparatus, and openings were made in the occipital skull (detailed in Ref. 24). Bleeding was controlled by bone wax and absorbable hemostat (Surgicel and/or Gelfoam). The dura was removed, and the underlying tissue was covered with mineral oil. The right C5 ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Placement and Functional
... classified as fast-spiking basket neurons, predominantly form synapses onto the soma and proximal dendrites of excitatory neurons (Miles et al. 1996) (Fig. 18.2a). In the G42 transgenic line, which labels a subset (~50 %) of PV-positive cells (Chattopadhyaya et al. 2004), 20 % of synapses onto pyram ...
... classified as fast-spiking basket neurons, predominantly form synapses onto the soma and proximal dendrites of excitatory neurons (Miles et al. 1996) (Fig. 18.2a). In the G42 transgenic line, which labels a subset (~50 %) of PV-positive cells (Chattopadhyaya et al. 2004), 20 % of synapses onto pyram ...
Segundo trabajo
... GDNF-mediated stimulation of the p42/p44 MAPK pathway promotes the arborization, but not the maturation, of GABA- and calbindin-positive striatal neurons We studied whether GDNF induces GABA and calbindin phenotypes, and the differentiation of these neuronal populations. The number of GABA-positive ...
... GDNF-mediated stimulation of the p42/p44 MAPK pathway promotes the arborization, but not the maturation, of GABA- and calbindin-positive striatal neurons We studied whether GDNF induces GABA and calbindin phenotypes, and the differentiation of these neuronal populations. The number of GABA-positive ...
Changes in Intracellular pH Associated with Glutamate Excitotoxicity
... ‘Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7756 and *Emory University, Atlanta,-Georgia 30322 - ...
... ‘Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7756 and *Emory University, Atlanta,-Georgia 30322 - ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... General electrophysiology. Once the electrodes were located in GC, recording commenced. When the signals at the current location had degraded, the electrodes were lowered further in GC in 100 m increments. Throughout the experiment, neural activity was recorded continuously. Differential recordings ...
... General electrophysiology. Once the electrodes were located in GC, recording commenced. When the signals at the current location had degraded, the electrodes were lowered further in GC in 100 m increments. Throughout the experiment, neural activity was recorded continuously. Differential recordings ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... from the activities elicited by the other tastants (see Figs. 3, 4, 7–11). In addition, taste receptor cells respond to changes in volume such as may occur in the presence of water (Lyall et al., 1999, 2005). Most of the experiments were performed with a fixed ratio schedule (FR5) in which water-dep ...
... from the activities elicited by the other tastants (see Figs. 3, 4, 7–11). In addition, taste receptor cells respond to changes in volume such as may occur in the presence of water (Lyall et al., 1999, 2005). Most of the experiments were performed with a fixed ratio schedule (FR5) in which water-dep ...
Glycine Immunoreactivity of Multipolar Neurons in the Ventral
... and Young, 1980; Young et al., 1988). These local circuits, however, do not account for all of the response properties of DCN neurons. For example, type II units of the DCN are relatively unresponsive to broadband stimuli even when the stimuli contain energy within the excitatory response area of th ...
... and Young, 1980; Young et al., 1988). These local circuits, however, do not account for all of the response properties of DCN neurons. For example, type II units of the DCN are relatively unresponsive to broadband stimuli even when the stimuli contain energy within the excitatory response area of th ...
Microcircuits in visual cortex Kevan AC Martin
... macaque, which means that, locally, the retinotopic map is almost isotropic. A similar elongation of axon collaterals is found in the New World primate as exists in the cat and the tree shrew [17•]. However, the anisotropy is small, ∼1.7 times long as it is wide. The long axis is ∼3 mm, which means ...
... macaque, which means that, locally, the retinotopic map is almost isotropic. A similar elongation of axon collaterals is found in the New World primate as exists in the cat and the tree shrew [17•]. However, the anisotropy is small, ∼1.7 times long as it is wide. The long axis is ∼3 mm, which means ...
Organization of a Vertebrate Cardiac Ganglion: A Correlated
... using 1251-Tyr*-substance P as tracer was used to quantify the presence of the substance P-like peptide in the cardiac septum. The assay was carried out as described by Mroz and Leeman (1979). Cardiac septa from 4 animals were rapidly dissected in cold physiological saline, blotted. and weighed. The ...
... using 1251-Tyr*-substance P as tracer was used to quantify the presence of the substance P-like peptide in the cardiac septum. The assay was carried out as described by Mroz and Leeman (1979). Cardiac septa from 4 animals were rapidly dissected in cold physiological saline, blotted. and weighed. The ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Cortical Auditory Adaptation
... et al. 1996; Stephenson et al. 2009). Those studies refer to a quiet environment and without sound stimulation, which was not the case here. Indeed, sound has been used before in protocols of sleep deprivation (Franken et al. 1995). In addition, we carried out analysis on the local field potential re ...
... et al. 1996; Stephenson et al. 2009). Those studies refer to a quiet environment and without sound stimulation, which was not the case here. Indeed, sound has been used before in protocols of sleep deprivation (Franken et al. 1995). In addition, we carried out analysis on the local field potential re ...
Viewpoint - Columbia University
... explains why even neurons that are not part of the same local network should have a common crossing time. But first, we examine the data for evidence of this one-dimensional dynamics. Figure 2. Concept of One-Dimensional Dynamics An example of firing-rate space for N = 2 neurons. Visual (V), delay ( ...
... explains why even neurons that are not part of the same local network should have a common crossing time. But first, we examine the data for evidence of this one-dimensional dynamics. Figure 2. Concept of One-Dimensional Dynamics An example of firing-rate space for N = 2 neurons. Visual (V), delay ( ...
Nucleus Gracilis: An Integrator for Visceral and Somatic Information
... dramatically reduced the responses of VPL cells to visceral and innocuous cutaneous stimuli (Al-Chaer et al. 1996a). Although it is clear that visceral responses can be recorded from neurons of the NG that project to the VPL nucleus, this does not define the NG as a relay for visceral information ca ...
... dramatically reduced the responses of VPL cells to visceral and innocuous cutaneous stimuli (Al-Chaer et al. 1996a). Although it is clear that visceral responses can be recorded from neurons of the NG that project to the VPL nucleus, this does not define the NG as a relay for visceral information ca ...
Lecture #1 - University of Utah
... •modulation of spike rate of Afferents codes water movements relative to fish \ Flow direction & rate is coded. 2) Calls of Frogs-Coding call identity in temporal pattern of ...
... •modulation of spike rate of Afferents codes water movements relative to fish \ Flow direction & rate is coded. 2) Calls of Frogs-Coding call identity in temporal pattern of ...
Thalamocortical inputs trigger a propagating envelope of gamma
... the thalamocortical pathway in the thinner slices, extracellular deposits of biocytin were made at points between the MG and auditory cortex and the resulting trajectories of projections mapped (Fig. 1C). Biocytin (5% in ACSF) was delivered iontophoretically (100- to 200-nA, 750-ms positive pulse ev ...
... the thalamocortical pathway in the thinner slices, extracellular deposits of biocytin were made at points between the MG and auditory cortex and the resulting trajectories of projections mapped (Fig. 1C). Biocytin (5% in ACSF) was delivered iontophoretically (100- to 200-nA, 750-ms positive pulse ev ...
The Cat is Out of the Bag: Cortical Simulations with 109 Neurons
... thalamocortical module, cortical neurons are further subdivided into 4 layers corresponding to combined layers 2 and 3 (L2/3), layer 4 (L4), layer 5 (L5) and layer 6 (L6). Cortical layer 1 is not explicitly represented in our model due to the very small number of neurons present in this layer. Each ...
... thalamocortical module, cortical neurons are further subdivided into 4 layers corresponding to combined layers 2 and 3 (L2/3), layer 4 (L4), layer 5 (L5) and layer 6 (L6). Cortical layer 1 is not explicitly represented in our model due to the very small number of neurons present in this layer. Each ...
Enhanced Modulation of Neuronal Activity during
... GP might regulate eye movements through the nigro-collicular descending circuitry and through the basal ganglia--thalamocortical pathways. Keywords: antisaccade, globus pallidus, inactivation, physiology, primate ...
... GP might regulate eye movements through the nigro-collicular descending circuitry and through the basal ganglia--thalamocortical pathways. Keywords: antisaccade, globus pallidus, inactivation, physiology, primate ...