Stimulation Within the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Can Evoke
... Deuchars, Susan A., K. Michael Spyer, and Michael P. Gilbey. Stimulation within the rostral ventrolateral medulla can evoke monosynaptic GABAergic IPSPs in sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 229–235, 1997. The inhibitory responses of identified sympathetic preganglionic ...
... Deuchars, Susan A., K. Michael Spyer, and Michael P. Gilbey. Stimulation within the rostral ventrolateral medulla can evoke monosynaptic GABAergic IPSPs in sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 229–235, 1997. The inhibitory responses of identified sympathetic preganglionic ...
(2007) The most superficial sublamina of rat superior colluculus
... single-neuron discharges in this layer was a challenging task and could be achieved only with our very thin and sharp microelectrodes. They imposed minimal pressure as they penetrated the pia and advanced through the neural tissue and were very effective in resolving spikes of individual cells withi ...
... single-neuron discharges in this layer was a challenging task and could be achieved only with our very thin and sharp microelectrodes. They imposed minimal pressure as they penetrated the pia and advanced through the neural tissue and were very effective in resolving spikes of individual cells withi ...
Hasselmo M.E. (2007) Arc length coding by interference of
... continuous spatial alternation and delayed non-match to position. The correct performance in these behavioural tasks is shown in Figure 1. In continuous spatial alternation (Fig. 1A), consider a rat starting at the left reward location. The rat runs down along the left return arm, runs up the centra ...
... continuous spatial alternation and delayed non-match to position. The correct performance in these behavioural tasks is shown in Figure 1. In continuous spatial alternation (Fig. 1A), consider a rat starting at the left reward location. The rat runs down along the left return arm, runs up the centra ...
How Do Neurons Convey Information?
... Because we do not feel waves traveling around our bodies, the waves that carry the nervous system’s messages must be very small and restricted to the surface of neurons. Still, we can measure such waves and determine how they are produced by using electrical-stimulation and -recording techniques. If ...
... Because we do not feel waves traveling around our bodies, the waves that carry the nervous system’s messages must be very small and restricted to the surface of neurons. Still, we can measure such waves and determine how they are produced by using electrical-stimulation and -recording techniques. If ...
Viral vector-based tools advance knowledge of basal ganglia
... to neuronal degeneration (Estrada-Sánchez and Rebec 2013). HD causes selective degeneration of striatal MSNs due to nuclear inclusions and cytosolic aggregation of the huntingtin protein (Ramaswamy et al. 2007; Southwell and Patterson 2011). Nonmovement disorders involve the limbic BG nuclei and inc ...
... to neuronal degeneration (Estrada-Sánchez and Rebec 2013). HD causes selective degeneration of striatal MSNs due to nuclear inclusions and cytosolic aggregation of the huntingtin protein (Ramaswamy et al. 2007; Southwell and Patterson 2011). Nonmovement disorders involve the limbic BG nuclei and inc ...
Development of the Auditory Areas
... and timetables of the birthdates of neurons were constructed (Fig. 12-4). Neurons in layer VI have the earliest peak (EI5), and 37% of them are generated earlier than those throughout layers V-II. Neurons in layer II have the latest peak (EI8), and 36% of them are generated later than those througho ...
... and timetables of the birthdates of neurons were constructed (Fig. 12-4). Neurons in layer VI have the earliest peak (EI5), and 37% of them are generated earlier than those throughout layers V-II. Neurons in layer II have the latest peak (EI8), and 36% of them are generated later than those througho ...
Production and Survival of Projection Neurons in a Forebrain Vocal
... Monthly estimatesof HVC volume, total neuron number, RAprojecting neuron number, and proportion of HVC neuronsthat were RA-projecting are summarized in Figure 2A-D. The volume of HVC did not differ significantly betweenbirds killed in October, November, December, January, February, and May [F(5,22) ...
... Monthly estimatesof HVC volume, total neuron number, RAprojecting neuron number, and proportion of HVC neuronsthat were RA-projecting are summarized in Figure 2A-D. The volume of HVC did not differ significantly betweenbirds killed in October, November, December, January, February, and May [F(5,22) ...
Depolarization stimulates lamellipodia formation and
... lines: Ž1. short-term effects on the morphology of individual growth cones were studied with a high spatial resolution at one minute intervals, using video time-lapse microscopy, while Ž2. long-term effects on neuronal morphogenesis were studied after fixation of fluorescent dyelabeled neurons at 24 ...
... lines: Ž1. short-term effects on the morphology of individual growth cones were studied with a high spatial resolution at one minute intervals, using video time-lapse microscopy, while Ž2. long-term effects on neuronal morphogenesis were studied after fixation of fluorescent dyelabeled neurons at 24 ...
PARK9-Associated ATP13A2 Localizes to Intracellular
... with Lewy bodies (DLB). ATP13A2 is detected in human brain extracts as a major ~130 kDa protein species (Fig. 3A). Furthermore, ATP13A2 levels are markedly increased in PD/DLB brains compared to normal control brains (Fig. 3A-B). To evaluate the localization of ATP13A2 in human brain, ATP13A2 locali ...
... with Lewy bodies (DLB). ATP13A2 is detected in human brain extracts as a major ~130 kDa protein species (Fig. 3A). Furthermore, ATP13A2 levels are markedly increased in PD/DLB brains compared to normal control brains (Fig. 3A-B). To evaluate the localization of ATP13A2 in human brain, ATP13A2 locali ...
Finally, the peak firing rate within any one place field of a single cell
... neocortex needs the hippocampal loop to implement rapid learning of arbitrary complex associations? Why is it that other cortical areas with multiple cellular layers cannot do the same job? What is so special about hippocampus that enables it to establish the most complex memory traces? In short, wh ...
... neocortex needs the hippocampal loop to implement rapid learning of arbitrary complex associations? Why is it that other cortical areas with multiple cellular layers cannot do the same job? What is so special about hippocampus that enables it to establish the most complex memory traces? In short, wh ...
SENSE AND THE SINGLE NEURON: Probing the Physiology of
... the nervous system processes sensory information. The conceptually simplest of these is to measure tuning curves as selected parameters of the sensory stimulus are varied. A neuron is considered to be “tuned” if the response is strongest to a particular value (or narrow range of values) of the stimu ...
... the nervous system processes sensory information. The conceptually simplest of these is to measure tuning curves as selected parameters of the sensory stimulus are varied. A neuron is considered to be “tuned” if the response is strongest to a particular value (or narrow range of values) of the stimu ...
MECHANISMS OF CENTRAL TRANSMISSION OF RESPIRATORY
... the dog this expiratory area is still more extensive and sharply limited against the surrounding non-respiratory reticular regions. Within this area all neurons react in the same manner in the course of respiratory reflexes as in the example of Fig. 3. Here during the inhibition caused by blood pres ...
... the dog this expiratory area is still more extensive and sharply limited against the surrounding non-respiratory reticular regions. Within this area all neurons react in the same manner in the course of respiratory reflexes as in the example of Fig. 3. Here during the inhibition caused by blood pres ...
Dissecting and Staining Drosophila Optic Lobes
... Yamaguchi et al. 2008). Therefore, the fly color vision system likely relies on comparing the inputs of R7 and R8 in the medulla neuropil. To understand how color vision is processed, we have described the target neurons of R7 and R8 in the medulla (Morante and Desplan 2008) in a study that builds o ...
... Yamaguchi et al. 2008). Therefore, the fly color vision system likely relies on comparing the inputs of R7 and R8 in the medulla neuropil. To understand how color vision is processed, we have described the target neurons of R7 and R8 in the medulla (Morante and Desplan 2008) in a study that builds o ...
Mechanical Response Properties of A and C Primary Afferent
... Levy, Dan, and Andrew M. Strassman. Mechanical response properties of A and C primary afferent neurons innervating the rat intracranial dura. J Neurophysiol 88: 3021–3031, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00029.2002. The intracranial dura receives a small-fiber sensory innervation from the trigeminal ganglion that ...
... Levy, Dan, and Andrew M. Strassman. Mechanical response properties of A and C primary afferent neurons innervating the rat intracranial dura. J Neurophysiol 88: 3021–3031, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00029.2002. The intracranial dura receives a small-fiber sensory innervation from the trigeminal ganglion that ...
Odorant-induced Oscillations in the Mushroom Bodies of
... on the mushroom bodies have been carried out in the context of olfactory processing and learning, for the mushroom bodies are the main target neuropil of olfactory projection interneurons that originate in the glomerular antenna1 lobes (Christensen and Hildebrand, 1987; Masson and Mustaparta, 1990). ...
... on the mushroom bodies have been carried out in the context of olfactory processing and learning, for the mushroom bodies are the main target neuropil of olfactory projection interneurons that originate in the glomerular antenna1 lobes (Christensen and Hildebrand, 1987; Masson and Mustaparta, 1990). ...
Development of the Nervous System of Carinina ochracea
... To elucidate the comparative development of the nervous system, fluorescent labeling of serotonin-like (5HT-lir), FMRFamide-like (RFa-lir), and acetylated α-tubulin-like (tub-lir) immunoreactivity, and its detection by confocal laser scanning microscopy (IF/CLSM), has recently been performed on a br ...
... To elucidate the comparative development of the nervous system, fluorescent labeling of serotonin-like (5HT-lir), FMRFamide-like (RFa-lir), and acetylated α-tubulin-like (tub-lir) immunoreactivity, and its detection by confocal laser scanning microscopy (IF/CLSM), has recently been performed on a br ...
IBRO 2008
... discovered that synaptic distribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR2B subunits in the adult mouse hippocampus is asymmetrical between the left and right and between the apical and basal dendrites of single neurons. These asymmetrical allocations of NR2B subunits differentiate the proper ...
... discovered that synaptic distribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR2B subunits in the adult mouse hippocampus is asymmetrical between the left and right and between the apical and basal dendrites of single neurons. These asymmetrical allocations of NR2B subunits differentiate the proper ...
On the relevance of time in neural computation and learning
... In a “typical” biological neuron the resting membrane potential is around −70 mV, the =ring threshold of a “rested” neuron is around −50 mV, and a postsynaptic potential (i.e. EPSP or IPSP) changes the membrane potential temporarily by at most a few mV. However, it is mathematically more convenient ...
... In a “typical” biological neuron the resting membrane potential is around −70 mV, the =ring threshold of a “rested” neuron is around −50 mV, and a postsynaptic potential (i.e. EPSP or IPSP) changes the membrane potential temporarily by at most a few mV. However, it is mathematically more convenient ...
BRAIN DYNAMICS AT MULTIPLE SCALES: CAN ONE RECONCILE
... Nonlinear time series analyses have suggested that the human electroencephalogram (EEG) may share statistical and dynamical properties with chaotic systems. During slow-wave sleep or pathological states like epilepsy, correlation dimension measurements display low values, while in awake and attentiv ...
... Nonlinear time series analyses have suggested that the human electroencephalogram (EEG) may share statistical and dynamical properties with chaotic systems. During slow-wave sleep or pathological states like epilepsy, correlation dimension measurements display low values, while in awake and attentiv ...
Simultaneous Two-Photon Calcium Imaging of Entire Cortical
... approach involves electrophysiological recordings in living coronal brain slices (typically ~400 μm thick). Even though many long-range axonal inputs to cortical columns within each slice are severed, this reductionist approach has provided a wealth of insight into layer-specific physiological prope ...
... approach involves electrophysiological recordings in living coronal brain slices (typically ~400 μm thick). Even though many long-range axonal inputs to cortical columns within each slice are severed, this reductionist approach has provided a wealth of insight into layer-specific physiological prope ...
HB-GAM (pleiotrophin) reverses inhibition of neural
... HB-GAM/pleiotrophin was initially isolated as a heparin-binding neurite outgrowth-promoting factor for central neurons8,9. Its expression peaks during the first 3–4 weeks of postnatal development in rat brain10 corresponding to heightened plasticity of the juvenile brain11. The expression level at t ...
... HB-GAM/pleiotrophin was initially isolated as a heparin-binding neurite outgrowth-promoting factor for central neurons8,9. Its expression peaks during the first 3–4 weeks of postnatal development in rat brain10 corresponding to heightened plasticity of the juvenile brain11. The expression level at t ...
Nerve Cells and Insect Behavior—Studies on Crickets1 This report
... SYNOPSIS. Intraspecific acoustic communication during pair formation in crickets provides excellent material for neuroethological research. It permits analysis of a distinct behavior at its neuronal level. This top-down approach considers first the behavior in quantitative terms, then searches for i ...
... SYNOPSIS. Intraspecific acoustic communication during pair formation in crickets provides excellent material for neuroethological research. It permits analysis of a distinct behavior at its neuronal level. This top-down approach considers first the behavior in quantitative terms, then searches for i ...
Biology
... Sodium ions then rush across the membrane, stimulating the next cell. If the stimulation exceeds the cell’s threshold, a new impulse begins. ...
... Sodium ions then rush across the membrane, stimulating the next cell. If the stimulation exceeds the cell’s threshold, a new impulse begins. ...
The Structure and Plasticity of the Proximal Axon of Hippocampal
... developed this model using long-term primary co-cultures of embryonic rats. In addition, we showed in vitro that contact with non-neuronal cells is necessary for pseudo-unipolarization and PS formation. The definite ultrastructure of the stem process and axonal branches has never been described. By ...
... developed this model using long-term primary co-cultures of embryonic rats. In addition, we showed in vitro that contact with non-neuronal cells is necessary for pseudo-unipolarization and PS formation. The definite ultrastructure of the stem process and axonal branches has never been described. By ...