From/To LTM - Ohio University
... Neurons on different layers of minicolumns are proposed to have specific function in the interaction between STM and LTM. When retrieving information from LTM to STM, particular layer of neurons receives stimulation from LTM. When storing information from STM to LTM, stimulations from STM acti ...
... Neurons on different layers of minicolumns are proposed to have specific function in the interaction between STM and LTM. When retrieving information from LTM to STM, particular layer of neurons receives stimulation from LTM. When storing information from STM to LTM, stimulations from STM acti ...
Synaptic Plasticity and Connectivity Requirements to
... synaptic strengths wrought by LTPi within and between groups (Figure 3C). Since the dominant contribution to LTPi is the total number of presynaptic spikes, in Figure 3D we plot the mean inhibition produced by presynaptic cells in a group to cells in all groups relative to the mean inhibition to oth ...
... synaptic strengths wrought by LTPi within and between groups (Figure 3C). Since the dominant contribution to LTPi is the total number of presynaptic spikes, in Figure 3D we plot the mean inhibition produced by presynaptic cells in a group to cells in all groups relative to the mean inhibition to oth ...
Pyrokinin/PBAN-like peptides in the central nervous system of
... could not determine specifically from which pair of neurons these axons arose it appears that at least one pair of neurons in each neuromere sent axons to the corpora cardiaca. The brain contained a pair of immunoreactive neurons on the dorsal-medial sides of the protocerebrum (Fig. 2b). In addition ...
... could not determine specifically from which pair of neurons these axons arose it appears that at least one pair of neurons in each neuromere sent axons to the corpora cardiaca. The brain contained a pair of immunoreactive neurons on the dorsal-medial sides of the protocerebrum (Fig. 2b). In addition ...
MSH-induced inhibition of oxytocin cells
... inhibition was recognized when five or more consecutive bins each contained fewer spikes than expected from the prestimulation control, and peristimulus excitation when five or more consecutive bins contained more than the expected number of spikes. The response amplitude was defined as the number o ...
... inhibition was recognized when five or more consecutive bins each contained fewer spikes than expected from the prestimulation control, and peristimulus excitation when five or more consecutive bins contained more than the expected number of spikes. The response amplitude was defined as the number o ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mediates Activity
... Images were taken with the lowest practical laser intensity and the shortest practical illumination time to limit photodynamic damage, and slices were kept outside the incubator for ⬍1 hr per session. This imaging protocol was found not to cause any apparent ill effects to the imaged neurons or the ...
... Images were taken with the lowest practical laser intensity and the shortest practical illumination time to limit photodynamic damage, and slices were kept outside the incubator for ⬍1 hr per session. This imaging protocol was found not to cause any apparent ill effects to the imaged neurons or the ...
The emerging framework of mammalian auditory hindbrain
... (MGN), a thalamic area in the forebrain, before reaching the auditory cortex. Most data concerning the anatomy of the auditory pathway have been obtained in mammalian model systems such as rodents or cats. With respect to hearing disorders, it is important to notice that the basic layout is conserve ...
... (MGN), a thalamic area in the forebrain, before reaching the auditory cortex. Most data concerning the anatomy of the auditory pathway have been obtained in mammalian model systems such as rodents or cats. With respect to hearing disorders, it is important to notice that the basic layout is conserve ...
~ Pergamon
... emotional processes. The cellular features which contribute to the functional specialization of its subsectors are poorly understood. In this study we determined the distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase-positive neurons in structurally and functionally distinct pref ...
... emotional processes. The cellular features which contribute to the functional specialization of its subsectors are poorly understood. In this study we determined the distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase-positive neurons in structurally and functionally distinct pref ...
Aggregate Input-Output Models of Neuronal Populations
... individual neurons from different regions. They shed insight into neural communication but do not explicitly provide a model that predicts how one region’s activity impacts another. Different models have been proposed over the years to gauge the effect of neurons in one site on neurons in another. M ...
... individual neurons from different regions. They shed insight into neural communication but do not explicitly provide a model that predicts how one region’s activity impacts another. Different models have been proposed over the years to gauge the effect of neurons in one site on neurons in another. M ...
physiological organization of layer 4 in macaque striate cortex
... organized on a fine scale and populated mostly by monocularly driven cells having small receptive fields and lacking orientation selectivity. Layer 4B, which does not receive a direct thalamic input, contains orientationally selective cells, and many of these are also direction selective. To a signi ...
... organized on a fine scale and populated mostly by monocularly driven cells having small receptive fields and lacking orientation selectivity. Layer 4B, which does not receive a direct thalamic input, contains orientationally selective cells, and many of these are also direction selective. To a signi ...
Neuronal Competition and Selection During Memory Formation
... may be important for selecting the neurons that participate in encoding memories in the adult brain. To examine neuronal competition during memory formation, we conducted experiments with mice in which we manipulated the function of CREB (adenosine 3´,5´-monophosphate response element–binding protei ...
... may be important for selecting the neurons that participate in encoding memories in the adult brain. To examine neuronal competition during memory formation, we conducted experiments with mice in which we manipulated the function of CREB (adenosine 3´,5´-monophosphate response element–binding protei ...
the brainstem control of saccadic eye movements
... The modern era of oculomotor research began with the advent of the chronic single-unit recording method in the late 1960s. Research carried out in the intervening years has made it possible to provide a detailed description of the saccadic command signals that are generated by motor neurons and the ...
... The modern era of oculomotor research began with the advent of the chronic single-unit recording method in the late 1960s. Research carried out in the intervening years has made it possible to provide a detailed description of the saccadic command signals that are generated by motor neurons and the ...
Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Rat Parabrachial Region: Ultrastructural
... axons with TH-I were found within groups of other labeled and unlabeled axons and terminals (Figs. 2C, 4A, 5c). At least 2 types of TH-I terminals were morphologically distinguishable. These 2 types are described separately as they appear in micrographs of single sections; however, they may represen ...
... axons with TH-I were found within groups of other labeled and unlabeled axons and terminals (Figs. 2C, 4A, 5c). At least 2 types of TH-I terminals were morphologically distinguishable. These 2 types are described separately as they appear in micrographs of single sections; however, they may represen ...
Neuroanatomy and function of brain structures involved in the
... It was demonstrated by Everett (1954, 1956) more than fifty years ago that a pituitary autograft without hypothalamic connections can maintain the pseudopregnancy and corpora lutea. He postulated the existence of a hypothalamic factor which is released into the portal blood and inhibits the PRL secr ...
... It was demonstrated by Everett (1954, 1956) more than fifty years ago that a pituitary autograft without hypothalamic connections can maintain the pseudopregnancy and corpora lutea. He postulated the existence of a hypothalamic factor which is released into the portal blood and inhibits the PRL secr ...
Serotonin Depletion In Vivo Inhibits the
... showed that aberrant neurons occurred significantly more frequently in experimental embryos than in normal embryos ( p ⫽ 0.03). Projection neurons with altered morphologies were also encountered, although less frequently (Fig. 3), in control embryos in which they constituted 7.5% of the neurons stai ...
... showed that aberrant neurons occurred significantly more frequently in experimental embryos than in normal embryos ( p ⫽ 0.03). Projection neurons with altered morphologies were also encountered, although less frequently (Fig. 3), in control embryos in which they constituted 7.5% of the neurons stai ...
Central nervous system control of food intake and body
... The capacity to adjust food intake in response to changing energy requirements is essential for survival. Recent progress has provided an insight into the molecular, cellular and behavioural mechanisms that link changes of body fat stores to adaptive adjustments of feeding behaviour. The physiologic ...
... The capacity to adjust food intake in response to changing energy requirements is essential for survival. Recent progress has provided an insight into the molecular, cellular and behavioural mechanisms that link changes of body fat stores to adaptive adjustments of feeding behaviour. The physiologic ...
Critical role of extracellularly secreted neuronal pentraxin 1 in
... degenerated neurons and disintegration of processes (yellow arrow) of WT cortical neurons (upper panels) and healthy cell bodies with intact processes of NP1-KO neurons (lower panels) observed following OGD exposure as compared to respective normoxia control neurons. Scale bar, 100 μm. ...
... degenerated neurons and disintegration of processes (yellow arrow) of WT cortical neurons (upper panels) and healthy cell bodies with intact processes of NP1-KO neurons (lower panels) observed following OGD exposure as compared to respective normoxia control neurons. Scale bar, 100 μm. ...
Astrocytes - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... small increases in [KⳭ]o cause breakdown of glycogen (18), perhaps providing fuel for nearby active neurons (see the following). Neurons and glial cells do not make functional synaptic or gap junction contacts with one another; therefore, interactions between these cell types must occur via the narr ...
... small increases in [KⳭ]o cause breakdown of glycogen (18), perhaps providing fuel for nearby active neurons (see the following). Neurons and glial cells do not make functional synaptic or gap junction contacts with one another; therefore, interactions between these cell types must occur via the narr ...
Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex
... encoded calcium indicator GCaMP3 (ref. 34). Long-term expression of GCaMP3 did not cause detectable damage in vivo, and it did not inhibit long-term potentiation in brain slices (Supplementary Figs 3 and 4). We imaged GCaMP3-expressing neurons through an imaging window35 in fields of view overlappin ...
... encoded calcium indicator GCaMP3 (ref. 34). Long-term expression of GCaMP3 did not cause detectable damage in vivo, and it did not inhibit long-term potentiation in brain slices (Supplementary Figs 3 and 4). We imaged GCaMP3-expressing neurons through an imaging window35 in fields of view overlappin ...
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... a causal link between neural activation and brain function. Electrical microstimulation, which can selectively perturb neural activity in specific parts of the nervous system, is an important tool for exploring the organization and function of brain circuitry. To date, the studies describing the beh ...
... a causal link between neural activation and brain function. Electrical microstimulation, which can selectively perturb neural activity in specific parts of the nervous system, is an important tool for exploring the organization and function of brain circuitry. To date, the studies describing the beh ...
The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex
... mm2 that was predicted by Rockel et al. (10) from which a nominal value of 147,000/mm2 was corrected for 18% shrinkage in each of two dimensions (P ⫽ 0.1903, one sample t test). Because exclusion of Tupaia sp. from the analyses did not modify the results (data not shown), all comparisons henceforth ...
... mm2 that was predicted by Rockel et al. (10) from which a nominal value of 147,000/mm2 was corrected for 18% shrinkage in each of two dimensions (P ⫽ 0.1903, one sample t test). Because exclusion of Tupaia sp. from the analyses did not modify the results (data not shown), all comparisons henceforth ...
Nogo Receptor mRNA Expression in Intact and Regenerating CNS
... formation and many thalamic nuclei (Figs. 15, 17, and 18), including the TRN (arrows in Fig. 17). In the neostriatum, Nogo mRNA was widely expressed but most strongly by scattered large neurons whose size and distribution resembled that of the cholinergic interneurons (Figs. 15 and 16). Nogo mRNA wa ...
... formation and many thalamic nuclei (Figs. 15, 17, and 18), including the TRN (arrows in Fig. 17). In the neostriatum, Nogo mRNA was widely expressed but most strongly by scattered large neurons whose size and distribution resembled that of the cholinergic interneurons (Figs. 15 and 16). Nogo mRNA wa ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... the unit changed its spiking activity from a rate of 1.7 spikes/s during the baseline period to 7.9 spikes/s (two-tailed t test, p < 10 -3). The neuron did not change its firing rate in response to other faces, or to other black and white drawings (we are not claiming that this is the only possible ...
... the unit changed its spiking activity from a rate of 1.7 spikes/s during the baseline period to 7.9 spikes/s (two-tailed t test, p < 10 -3). The neuron did not change its firing rate in response to other faces, or to other black and white drawings (we are not claiming that this is the only possible ...
The Role of Dorsal Columns Pathway in Visceral Pain
... supraspinal sites, as it was not affected by decerebration but it could not be evoked after spinalization (Ness and Gebhart 1988). It was shown previously that responses of spinal neurons to visceral stimuli are under strong descending facilitatory control (Cervero and Wolstencroft 1984, Tattersall ...
... supraspinal sites, as it was not affected by decerebration but it could not be evoked after spinalization (Ness and Gebhart 1988). It was shown previously that responses of spinal neurons to visceral stimuli are under strong descending facilitatory control (Cervero and Wolstencroft 1984, Tattersall ...
The horizontal brain slice preparation: a novel approach for
... the pattern and strength of the different inputs received by outer-layer neurons can be explored. Also, this preparation makes it possible to study the development of local tectal-tectal connectivity between the different layers. Although it is evident that there exists extensive local connectivity ...
... the pattern and strength of the different inputs received by outer-layer neurons can be explored. Also, this preparation makes it possible to study the development of local tectal-tectal connectivity between the different layers. Although it is evident that there exists extensive local connectivity ...
