Topographic cues of nanoscale height direct neuronal growth pattern
... adhesion effects, micron- and nano-topographic features were also found as modifying the neuronal branching tree length (Fozdar et al., 2010; Mahoney et al., 2005). In this study we quantitatively examine the interactions between single neurons and topographic cues of six heights, from 150 nm and do ...
... adhesion effects, micron- and nano-topographic features were also found as modifying the neuronal branching tree length (Fozdar et al., 2010; Mahoney et al., 2005). In this study we quantitatively examine the interactions between single neurons and topographic cues of six heights, from 150 nm and do ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... rats, cats and monkeys show a progressive decrease in firing rate as slow-wave sleep deepens, then become nearly silent before the onset of rapid eye movement or desynchronized sleep. Neurons in the cerebral cortex, thalamic reticular nucleus and thalamic relay nuclei change their activities in vivo ...
... rats, cats and monkeys show a progressive decrease in firing rate as slow-wave sleep deepens, then become nearly silent before the onset of rapid eye movement or desynchronized sleep. Neurons in the cerebral cortex, thalamic reticular nucleus and thalamic relay nuclei change their activities in vivo ...
Mirror neurons in monkey area F5 do not adapt to the observation of
... These studies have suggested that adaptation in IT may either depend on a decrease of synaptic efficacy of the afferents carrying visual information to temporal lobe neurons8,12 or it might be the result of improved predictions of experienced visual stimuli (that is, a top–down effect), leading to de ...
... These studies have suggested that adaptation in IT may either depend on a decrease of synaptic efficacy of the afferents carrying visual information to temporal lobe neurons8,12 or it might be the result of improved predictions of experienced visual stimuli (that is, a top–down effect), leading to de ...
Differential responses in three thalamic nuclei in moderately
... between 4 weeks and 8 years) and 10 vegetative patients (mean age 39 years, range 18–64, with survivals between 3 and 27 months). All but two of the severely disabled and vegetative patients died due to respiratory complications and/or pneumonia (Table 1). Variance between experimental groups differ ...
... between 4 weeks and 8 years) and 10 vegetative patients (mean age 39 years, range 18–64, with survivals between 3 and 27 months). All but two of the severely disabled and vegetative patients died due to respiratory complications and/or pneumonia (Table 1). Variance between experimental groups differ ...
Summary of Results and Discussion
... Long projecting cortical neurons are among the first to mature. Thus, the corpus callosum, formed by their axons, is the fist site where MAG expression can be detected, around postnatal day 5 (P5) in mouse (Fig. 1.1). After this stage, transcription of MAG (indicative of myelin synthesis) increases ...
... Long projecting cortical neurons are among the first to mature. Thus, the corpus callosum, formed by their axons, is the fist site where MAG expression can be detected, around postnatal day 5 (P5) in mouse (Fig. 1.1). After this stage, transcription of MAG (indicative of myelin synthesis) increases ...
Properties of Primary Sensory (Lemniscal) Synapses in the
... amplitude was unchanged (i.e., between trials it varied ⬍5% at 0.1 Hz). The average amplitude of the unitary event across cells was 11.87 ⫾ 2 mV (mean ⫾ SD; n ⫽ 8). As mentioned in the preceding text, the lemniscal unitary EPSP depressed slightly but significantly at frequencies ⬎2 Hz, and the amoun ...
... amplitude was unchanged (i.e., between trials it varied ⬍5% at 0.1 Hz). The average amplitude of the unitary event across cells was 11.87 ⫾ 2 mV (mean ⫾ SD; n ⫽ 8). As mentioned in the preceding text, the lemniscal unitary EPSP depressed slightly but significantly at frequencies ⬎2 Hz, and the amoun ...
Spinal motor neurons are regenerated after
... motor neuron regeneration (see above). However, no mCherry+ cells were observed for up to 8 dpf (n = 7, data not shown). In addition, at two weeks after a spinal lesion in adult Tg(mnx1:Gal4, UAS:nfsB-mCherry) fish (n = 3), we observed small strongly Hb9 immunoreactive cells, previously shown to be ...
... motor neuron regeneration (see above). However, no mCherry+ cells were observed for up to 8 dpf (n = 7, data not shown). In addition, at two weeks after a spinal lesion in adult Tg(mnx1:Gal4, UAS:nfsB-mCherry) fish (n = 3), we observed small strongly Hb9 immunoreactive cells, previously shown to be ...
Evidence for topographically organized endogenous 5‐HT‐1A
... Fig. 1. Expression of Fos in tryptophan hydroxylase (TPOH)-containing cells in the eight areas of the dorsal raphe (DR) and median raphe (MR) sampled, depicted on the left. Bars depict average number of TPOH-containing cells dually labeled with Fos per section for different groups + SEM (C, control; ...
... Fig. 1. Expression of Fos in tryptophan hydroxylase (TPOH)-containing cells in the eight areas of the dorsal raphe (DR) and median raphe (MR) sampled, depicted on the left. Bars depict average number of TPOH-containing cells dually labeled with Fos per section for different groups + SEM (C, control; ...
Large-scale spatiotemporal spike patterning consistent with
... neurons) in the network using a generalized linear model (GLM). The spike history from each sending neuron was composed of five 3 ms time windows for a total of 15 ms. The history length was selected based on the time it would take for the beta waves to propagate across the array at the mean estimate ...
... neurons) in the network using a generalized linear model (GLM). The spike history from each sending neuron was composed of five 3 ms time windows for a total of 15 ms. The history length was selected based on the time it would take for the beta waves to propagate across the array at the mean estimate ...
Intracellular Features Predicted by Extracellular
... obtain stable intracellular recordings. As many as six or seven “paired” extracellular and intracellular signals were seen for a single track as the intracellular electrode impaled either dendrites or somata as it was advanced through the s. oriens, s. pyramidale, and s. radiatum (⬃90% of all intrac ...
... obtain stable intracellular recordings. As many as six or seven “paired” extracellular and intracellular signals were seen for a single track as the intracellular electrode impaled either dendrites or somata as it was advanced through the s. oriens, s. pyramidale, and s. radiatum (⬃90% of all intrac ...
31 Relating the Activity of Sensory Neurons to Perception
... psychometric threshold, which is the stimulus value at which the subject can achieve a certain level of performance. In this example, the relevant stimulus parameter for the behavioral task is stimulus speed, but in principle it can be any one-dimensional analog parameter of the stimulus. (B) The st ...
... psychometric threshold, which is the stimulus value at which the subject can achieve a certain level of performance. In this example, the relevant stimulus parameter for the behavioral task is stimulus speed, but in principle it can be any one-dimensional analog parameter of the stimulus. (B) The st ...
CONTROL OF FOOD INTAKE: NEUROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS S
... colon. Apolipoprotein A-IV, a lipoprotein component of chylomicrons, the synthesis of which increases with fat absorption in the intestine, was also shown to be anorexigenic. More intriguing is the set of meal size affecting peptides secreted by the stomach. Particularly, leptin, the fat cell hormon ...
... colon. Apolipoprotein A-IV, a lipoprotein component of chylomicrons, the synthesis of which increases with fat absorption in the intestine, was also shown to be anorexigenic. More intriguing is the set of meal size affecting peptides secreted by the stomach. Particularly, leptin, the fat cell hormon ...
The effect of learning on the face selective responses of neurons in
... occur in a population of neurons when that population stores new information. In this study, we investigated whether individual neurons in this region alter the degree to which they respond to different stimuli when the set of stimuli starts as novel and is repeated until it becomes familiar. This m ...
... occur in a population of neurons when that population stores new information. In this study, we investigated whether individual neurons in this region alter the degree to which they respond to different stimuli when the set of stimuli starts as novel and is repeated until it becomes familiar. This m ...
Synaptic Transmission between Dorsal Root Ganglion and Dorsal
... Randic, 1984). Several lines of evidence suggest that the fast EPSPs in spinal cord neurons evoked by primary afferent stimulation are mediated by L-glutamate or by compounds with similar postsynaptic actions. lontophoretic and pressure applications of L-glutamate depolarize the majority of mammalia ...
... Randic, 1984). Several lines of evidence suggest that the fast EPSPs in spinal cord neurons evoked by primary afferent stimulation are mediated by L-glutamate or by compounds with similar postsynaptic actions. lontophoretic and pressure applications of L-glutamate depolarize the majority of mammalia ...
local connectivity between neurons of the rat globus pallidus
... The results of early Golgi-impregnation studies in the mouse, rat and primate demonstrated the presence of local axon collaterals arising from neurons of the GP (Iwahori and Mizuno, 1981; Francois et al., 1984; Millhouse, 1986). Similarly, intracellular labelling, juxtacellular labelling, single-axo ...
... The results of early Golgi-impregnation studies in the mouse, rat and primate demonstrated the presence of local axon collaterals arising from neurons of the GP (Iwahori and Mizuno, 1981; Francois et al., 1984; Millhouse, 1986). Similarly, intracellular labelling, juxtacellular labelling, single-axo ...
embryonic development of the leech nervous system
... that both cell pairs are derived from mesoderm (Weisblat et al., 1980a; D. A. Weisblat et al., personal communication), and they are contractile at very early stages. Medial cells in stage 9(3/4) embryos will contract when penetrated by a microelectrode and when depolarized by current injections. Wh ...
... that both cell pairs are derived from mesoderm (Weisblat et al., 1980a; D. A. Weisblat et al., personal communication), and they are contractile at very early stages. Medial cells in stage 9(3/4) embryos will contract when penetrated by a microelectrode and when depolarized by current injections. Wh ...
No Direct Projection is Observed from the Substantia Nigra to the
... injection of the retrograde tracer fluoro-gold (FG) into the DVC, FG-labeled neurons were observed in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), lateral hypothalamus (LH), inferior olive (IO), and locus coeruleus (LC). No FG-positive cells were observed in the SN or striatum. Furthermore, after ...
... injection of the retrograde tracer fluoro-gold (FG) into the DVC, FG-labeled neurons were observed in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), lateral hypothalamus (LH), inferior olive (IO), and locus coeruleus (LC). No FG-positive cells were observed in the SN or striatum. Furthermore, after ...
Alaskan Husky encephalopathy - UC Davis School of Veterinary
... complex of neuropathological features traditionally required to make this diagnosis does not correlate to a single and discrete disease entity. Rather, it has been proposed that LS may be viewed as a paradigm in that it represents the response of the developing CNS to energy deprivation [12]. Curren ...
... complex of neuropathological features traditionally required to make this diagnosis does not correlate to a single and discrete disease entity. Rather, it has been proposed that LS may be viewed as a paradigm in that it represents the response of the developing CNS to energy deprivation [12]. Curren ...
Definition of Neuronal Circuitry Controlling the Activity of Phrenic
... though a few labeled neurons were present in the raphe nuclei, medial reticular formation, and parabrachial nucleus. Nevertheless, differences in the organization of neurons presynaptic to phrenic motoneurons were recently demonstrated in an emetic species, the ferret. In contrast to the rat, the ve ...
... though a few labeled neurons were present in the raphe nuclei, medial reticular formation, and parabrachial nucleus. Nevertheless, differences in the organization of neurons presynaptic to phrenic motoneurons were recently demonstrated in an emetic species, the ferret. In contrast to the rat, the ve ...
A Double-labeling Investigation of the Afferent Connectivity to
... of the visual field cortical surface (Van Essen, 1979; Kaas, 1980; Tusa et al., 1981), numerous studies have addressed the question of their afferent connectivity. Anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques have demonstrated extensive redundancy in the connections of these visual areas. In other ...
... of the visual field cortical surface (Van Essen, 1979; Kaas, 1980; Tusa et al., 1981), numerous studies have addressed the question of their afferent connectivity. Anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques have demonstrated extensive redundancy in the connections of these visual areas. In other ...
Solving the Distal Reward Problem through
... synaptic tag. However, the probability that subsequent random spikes with the same firing frequency will fall within 50 ms of each other to trigger more STDP and alter the synaptic tag is quite small—on average once per 20 s (we elaborate this point in Reinforcing a Synapse). This ‘‘insensitivity’’ o ...
... synaptic tag. However, the probability that subsequent random spikes with the same firing frequency will fall within 50 ms of each other to trigger more STDP and alter the synaptic tag is quite small—on average once per 20 s (we elaborate this point in Reinforcing a Synapse). This ‘‘insensitivity’’ o ...
Question Bank Topic 5
... Which of the following statements concerning zinc-carbon cells are correct? (1) Used zinc-carbon cells can be disposed of in fire. (2) Zinc-carbon cells leak even though they are not in use. (3) The voltage of zinc-carbon cells drops rapidly over discharge. A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2 ...
... Which of the following statements concerning zinc-carbon cells are correct? (1) Used zinc-carbon cells can be disposed of in fire. (2) Zinc-carbon cells leak even though they are not in use. (3) The voltage of zinc-carbon cells drops rapidly over discharge. A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only C (2 ...
Dual single unit recording in Globus Pallidus (GP) and Subthalamic
... Q175 knock in mouse models demonstrate age-dependent alterations in firing activity of downstream nuclei within the IP; namely an increase in mean firing rate of D2 MSNinnervated globus pallidus (GP) neurons and a corresponding decrease in the mean firing rate of pallidal-innervated subthalamic nucl ...
... Q175 knock in mouse models demonstrate age-dependent alterations in firing activity of downstream nuclei within the IP; namely an increase in mean firing rate of D2 MSNinnervated globus pallidus (GP) neurons and a corresponding decrease in the mean firing rate of pallidal-innervated subthalamic nucl ...