Biological Cybernetics
... the localization of small objects such as prey and are no mere ‘predator detectors’ signaling the emergence of large objects somewhere in the visual field (e.g., Ewert 1984). Curve 2 also shows a slight decrease in the center which may be due to the animal’s snout hiding a part of the visual field. ...
... the localization of small objects such as prey and are no mere ‘predator detectors’ signaling the emergence of large objects somewhere in the visual field (e.g., Ewert 1984). Curve 2 also shows a slight decrease in the center which may be due to the animal’s snout hiding a part of the visual field. ...
Functional Clustering Drives Encoding Improvement in a
... unknown how these developmental changes contribute to network encoding performance, or how plasticity is coordinated across neurons to produce functional large networks. Here we use in vivo two-photon calcium imaging [3,5,18,20,23,26] to monitor network activity and plasticity during early receptive ...
... unknown how these developmental changes contribute to network encoding performance, or how plasticity is coordinated across neurons to produce functional large networks. Here we use in vivo two-photon calcium imaging [3,5,18,20,23,26] to monitor network activity and plasticity during early receptive ...
Imaging the Functional Organization of Zebrafish
... cell in hindbrain segment 4 and two other neurons, MiD2cm and MiD3cm, in segments 5 and 6. All of these cells are morphologically similar, each having two major dendrites and an axon that crosses in the brain and descends along the length of the contralateral spinal cord. This set of homologs is of ...
... cell in hindbrain segment 4 and two other neurons, MiD2cm and MiD3cm, in segments 5 and 6. All of these cells are morphologically similar, each having two major dendrites and an axon that crosses in the brain and descends along the length of the contralateral spinal cord. This set of homologs is of ...
Representing Spatial Information for Limb - Research
... is well known that static cell discharge is monotonically related to the corresponding position of the hand in space in Ml (Georgopoulos et al., 1984; Georgopoulos and Massey, 1985; Kettner et al., 1988), PMd (Caminiti et al., 1991), area 2 (Soechting et al., 1992), and area 5 (Georgopoulos et al., ...
... is well known that static cell discharge is monotonically related to the corresponding position of the hand in space in Ml (Georgopoulos et al., 1984; Georgopoulos and Massey, 1985; Kettner et al., 1988), PMd (Caminiti et al., 1991), area 2 (Soechting et al., 1992), and area 5 (Georgopoulos et al., ...
Article Full Text PDF
... goldfish (Carassius auratus). The zebrafish M-cell has an axon cap, a high resistivity structure which surrounds the initial segment of the M-axon, and accounts for an unusual amplification of the fields generated within and around it. Second, extra- and intracellular recordings were performed with ...
... goldfish (Carassius auratus). The zebrafish M-cell has an axon cap, a high resistivity structure which surrounds the initial segment of the M-axon, and accounts for an unusual amplification of the fields generated within and around it. Second, extra- and intracellular recordings were performed with ...
Epileptiform Activity Can Be Initiated in Various Neocortical Layers
... true of neocortical slices from randomly chosen regions including frontal, temporal, and occipital areas. This result indicates that initiation sites for generating epileptiform activity can be formed spontaneously regardless of the region of cortex. The initiation site in each stained cortical slic ...
... true of neocortical slices from randomly chosen regions including frontal, temporal, and occipital areas. This result indicates that initiation sites for generating epileptiform activity can be formed spontaneously regardless of the region of cortex. The initiation site in each stained cortical slic ...
A Candidate Pathway for a Visual Instructional Signal to the Barn
... Many organisms use multimodal maps to generate coherent neuronal representations that allow adequate responses to stimuli that excite several sensory modalities. During ontogeny of these maps, one modality typically acts as the dominant system the other modalities are aligned to. A well studied mode ...
... Many organisms use multimodal maps to generate coherent neuronal representations that allow adequate responses to stimuli that excite several sensory modalities. During ontogeny of these maps, one modality typically acts as the dominant system the other modalities are aligned to. A well studied mode ...
Formation of Neuronal Pathways in the lmaginal Discs of Drosophila
... b; Keshishian and Bentley, 1983a, b, c; Berlot and Goodman, 1984). It has been suggested that pioneer growth cones rely on at least two sources of guidance: (7) polarity along the limb axis, and (2) strategically located cells that serve as stepping stones (Bate, 1976), guideposts (Bentley and Keshi ...
... b; Keshishian and Bentley, 1983a, b, c; Berlot and Goodman, 1984). It has been suggested that pioneer growth cones rely on at least two sources of guidance: (7) polarity along the limb axis, and (2) strategically located cells that serve as stepping stones (Bate, 1976), guideposts (Bentley and Keshi ...
- Princeton University
... (Helmchen et al., 2001); however, because it was not optimized for moving animals, relative motion between the microscope and brain was apparent during animal movements. An even smaller device has been reported (Flusberg et al., 2005), but its use in awake, behaving mice has not been demonstrated. A ...
... (Helmchen et al., 2001); however, because it was not optimized for moving animals, relative motion between the microscope and brain was apparent during animal movements. An even smaller device has been reported (Flusberg et al., 2005), but its use in awake, behaving mice has not been demonstrated. A ...
multispectral labeling technique to map many neighboring axonal
... three regions of a gland with three different concentrations of WGA-AF488 (Fig. 2a) and co-injected a different color at each of these sites at high concentration to keep track of the vesicles’ origins (Fig. 2b–e). We observed a linear relation between the dye intensity at injection sites and the dy ...
... three regions of a gland with three different concentrations of WGA-AF488 (Fig. 2a) and co-injected a different color at each of these sites at high concentration to keep track of the vesicles’ origins (Fig. 2b–e). We observed a linear relation between the dye intensity at injection sites and the dy ...
Lemniscal recurrent and transcortical influences on
... to movement of joints or to stimulation of deep receptors. Most of the input to the dorsal column nuclei (DCN: cuneate and gracilis), especially to their middle regions, is from primary afferent fibers carrying low-threshold, unimodal information from the skin18 and conserve the somatotopic organiza ...
... to movement of joints or to stimulation of deep receptors. Most of the input to the dorsal column nuclei (DCN: cuneate and gracilis), especially to their middle regions, is from primary afferent fibers carrying low-threshold, unimodal information from the skin18 and conserve the somatotopic organiza ...
Rapid Alterations in Diffusion-weighted Images with Anatomic
... cortex (1). Mesial temporal sclerosis, including hippocampal sclerosis, is the most common pathologic abnormality found in TLE, and is characterized by the loss of specific neurons in the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and amygdala, with subsequent glial proliferation (2, 3). MR imaging can det ...
... cortex (1). Mesial temporal sclerosis, including hippocampal sclerosis, is the most common pathologic abnormality found in TLE, and is characterized by the loss of specific neurons in the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and amygdala, with subsequent glial proliferation (2, 3). MR imaging can det ...
The functional asymmetry of auditory cortex is reflected
... microcircuitry was examined in detail. The introduction of laser scanning photostimulation (LSPS) has made it possible to examine the microcircuitry in other cortical areas with high efficiency. LSPS uses the photorelease of caged glutamate to map functional connections between a neuron and its pres ...
... microcircuitry was examined in detail. The introduction of laser scanning photostimulation (LSPS) has made it possible to examine the microcircuitry in other cortical areas with high efficiency. LSPS uses the photorelease of caged glutamate to map functional connections between a neuron and its pres ...
Origin of adult neural stem cells and perspectives for brain repair
... The mammalian central nervous system, as a non-renewable tissue, can be seriously affected by injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. Research carried out during the last decades revealed that neural stem cells persist within the adult brain, providing a source of neuronal and glial cell precursors ...
... The mammalian central nervous system, as a non-renewable tissue, can be seriously affected by injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. Research carried out during the last decades revealed that neural stem cells persist within the adult brain, providing a source of neuronal and glial cell precursors ...
Neurons
... sufficiently, it results in a massive change in membrane voltage called an action potential • Action potentials have a constant magnitude, are all-or-none, and transmit signals over long distances • They arise because some ion channels are voltage-gated, opening or closing when the membrane potentia ...
... sufficiently, it results in a massive change in membrane voltage called an action potential • Action potentials have a constant magnitude, are all-or-none, and transmit signals over long distances • They arise because some ion channels are voltage-gated, opening or closing when the membrane potentia ...
Diversity and wiring variability of visual local neurons in the
... types of neuron, having branches that are extensive yet limited to the region (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Morante and Desplan, 2008; Raghu and Borst, 2011; Raghu et al., 2011, 2013). Few of their arborizations display layer specificity (e.g., Dm1 and Dm6 in M1; Pm1 and Pm2 in M9), leaving open th ...
... types of neuron, having branches that are extensive yet limited to the region (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Morante and Desplan, 2008; Raghu and Borst, 2011; Raghu et al., 2011, 2013). Few of their arborizations display layer specificity (e.g., Dm1 and Dm6 in M1; Pm1 and Pm2 in M9), leaving open th ...
Parallel Evolution of Cortical Areas Involved in Skilled Hand Use
... The remaining hemispheres from these two cases were left intact in phosexpected location of areas 2 and 5 in cebus, and compare this with phate buffer with 30% sucrose before sectioning horizontally at 80 m. macaques. We demonstrate a very similar organization in cebus, The thalami in all cases wer ...
... The remaining hemispheres from these two cases were left intact in phosexpected location of areas 2 and 5 in cebus, and compare this with phate buffer with 30% sucrose before sectioning horizontally at 80 m. macaques. We demonstrate a very similar organization in cebus, The thalami in all cases wer ...
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... active degeneration, was first observed at day 80 and continued through death (Fig. 4). The numbers of large motor neurons did not decrease, however, until the 100-day time point. Quantitative analysis of a-motor neurons was performed both as mean number of a-motor neurons per section, and as an est ...
... active degeneration, was first observed at day 80 and continued through death (Fig. 4). The numbers of large motor neurons did not decrease, however, until the 100-day time point. Quantitative analysis of a-motor neurons was performed both as mean number of a-motor neurons per section, and as an est ...
PDF
... of GABAergic network. This network acts as intrinsic modulator of cortical output since it is composed of local circuit neurons (interneurons; DeFelipe et al., 2013). Numerous studies analyzing laminar distribution and density of cortical GABAergic neuron subpopulations were performed in various spe ...
... of GABAergic network. This network acts as intrinsic modulator of cortical output since it is composed of local circuit neurons (interneurons; DeFelipe et al., 2013). Numerous studies analyzing laminar distribution and density of cortical GABAergic neuron subpopulations were performed in various spe ...
The sacral autonomic outflow is sympathetic
... external and caudal edge of the pelvic ganglion anlagen, most of which lied well ahead of them (Fig. 4a). These fibres were coated with Sox10+ cells, none of which, though, expressed Phox2b (Fig.4b), in contrast to the cranial nerves that produce parasympathetic ganglia at the same stage (Fig.4e). D ...
... external and caudal edge of the pelvic ganglion anlagen, most of which lied well ahead of them (Fig. 4a). These fibres were coated with Sox10+ cells, none of which, though, expressed Phox2b (Fig.4b), in contrast to the cranial nerves that produce parasympathetic ganglia at the same stage (Fig.4e). D ...
the superior Olivary complex
... because anatomically it is in a superior position relative to the inferior olivary complex. The term olivary is based on the olive-shaped protuberance on the ventral lateral surface of the medulla created by the underlying inferior olivary complex. The SOC extends from the rostral medulla to the cau ...
... because anatomically it is in a superior position relative to the inferior olivary complex. The term olivary is based on the olive-shaped protuberance on the ventral lateral surface of the medulla created by the underlying inferior olivary complex. The SOC extends from the rostral medulla to the cau ...
neural representation and the cortical code
... signals that have a functional role in representation and those that do not, even in some cases where perturbations of the system are not feasible. In the example presented in Figure 1, the signals of neurons B1 and B2 are highly similar. But assume that because of independent noise in each signal, ...
... signals that have a functional role in representation and those that do not, even in some cases where perturbations of the system are not feasible. In the example presented in Figure 1, the signals of neurons B1 and B2 are highly similar. But assume that because of independent noise in each signal, ...
Neurons in Action: Passive Axon Tutorial
... axon, the voltage will be 37% of the initial value while at two length constants, the voltage will be 37% of 37% of the initial value. To measure the length constant of this simulated axon, set the Total # (ms) button on the Run Control panel to 19ms. This will cause the Voltage vs Space movie to ru ...
... axon, the voltage will be 37% of the initial value while at two length constants, the voltage will be 37% of 37% of the initial value. To measure the length constant of this simulated axon, set the Total # (ms) button on the Run Control panel to 19ms. This will cause the Voltage vs Space movie to ru ...