Multifunctional Laryngeal Premotor Neurons: Their Activities during
... consisted of the fictive inspiratory, compressive, expulsive, and narrowing phases represented as shown in Figure 2Ca (Shiba et al., 1999). ELMs hyperpolarized during the augmented phrenic discharge (inspiratory phase) and then depolarized strongly at the transition from the inspiratory to the expir ...
... consisted of the fictive inspiratory, compressive, expulsive, and narrowing phases represented as shown in Figure 2Ca (Shiba et al., 1999). ELMs hyperpolarized during the augmented phrenic discharge (inspiratory phase) and then depolarized strongly at the transition from the inspiratory to the expir ...
stereological estimates of dopaminergic, gabaergic and
... (nitro blue tetrazolium chloride/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate) phosphatase substrate (Roche) diluted in HP was applied for 2.5 h. The phosphatase reaction was terminated by washing in PBS. Optimal concentrations and incubation times were determined for each riboprobe in preliminary dilution ...
... (nitro blue tetrazolium chloride/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate) phosphatase substrate (Roche) diluted in HP was applied for 2.5 h. The phosphatase reaction was terminated by washing in PBS. Optimal concentrations and incubation times were determined for each riboprobe in preliminary dilution ...
Mechanisms of cell migration in the nervous system
... and form synapses. Some migrations cover long distances—up to thousands of cell diameters—and follow complex routes, changing direction at landmarks along the way (a key to the major migratory routes, terminology, and abbreviations is provided in Box 1 and Fig. 1). Because they migrate, neurons from ...
... and form synapses. Some migrations cover long distances—up to thousands of cell diameters—and follow complex routes, changing direction at landmarks along the way (a key to the major migratory routes, terminology, and abbreviations is provided in Box 1 and Fig. 1). Because they migrate, neurons from ...
MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR IN LACTATING RATS STIMULATES c
... behaviour that included milk letdown. Both groups of dams had a similar number of 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylaseimmunoreactive cells in each site, although the number of 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive cells per microscopic ®eld was signi®cantly greater in the caudal ve ...
... behaviour that included milk letdown. Both groups of dams had a similar number of 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylaseimmunoreactive cells in each site, although the number of 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive cells per microscopic ®eld was signi®cantly greater in the caudal ve ...
Lab #6: Neurophysiology Simulation
... compensate for changes in the environment. Neurons are able to send signals at high speed due to their ability to generate and conduct an electrical signal called an action potential down the length of their axons. An action potential is a brief reversal of the membrane potential, so that for a brie ...
... compensate for changes in the environment. Neurons are able to send signals at high speed due to their ability to generate and conduct an electrical signal called an action potential down the length of their axons. An action potential is a brief reversal of the membrane potential, so that for a brie ...
α3β1 integrin modulates neuronal migration and placement during
... t-test). The percentage of actin microspikes that showed any changes in length also decreased significantly in α3 integrin null cells (wild type, 73±3%; mutant 30±2%). When α3 integrin was re-expressed in mutant cells, the rate of actin microspike elongation or retraction was restored to 1.06±0.06 µ ...
... t-test). The percentage of actin microspikes that showed any changes in length also decreased significantly in α3 integrin null cells (wild type, 73±3%; mutant 30±2%). When α3 integrin was re-expressed in mutant cells, the rate of actin microspike elongation or retraction was restored to 1.06±0.06 µ ...
Leap 2 - Entire - Teacher Enrichment Initiatives
... integumentary, nervous, and endocrine systems; 12.c recognize levels of organization in plants and animals, including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms; 12.e compare the functions of a cell to the functions of organisms such as waste removal; and 12.f recognize that according to c ...
... integumentary, nervous, and endocrine systems; 12.c recognize levels of organization in plants and animals, including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms; 12.e compare the functions of a cell to the functions of organisms such as waste removal; and 12.f recognize that according to c ...
Corticofugal Amplification of Subcortical Responses to Single Tone
... no stimulus was presented in order to count background discharges. The duration of each block was 200 ms, so that the duration of the F scan was 4,200 ms. The F scan was used to obtain a frequencyresponse curve (Fig. 3). To measure the time course of a change in subcortical auditory responses evoked ...
... no stimulus was presented in order to count background discharges. The duration of each block was 200 ms, so that the duration of the F scan was 4,200 ms. The F scan was used to obtain a frequencyresponse curve (Fig. 3). To measure the time course of a change in subcortical auditory responses evoked ...
Regulation of neuronal survival and death by extracellular signals
... several members of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of ligands activate cell death mechanisms in developing neurons and play a role in regulating neuron number during development. In this review, I will give an overview of the interplay of survival-promoting and deathpromoting extracellu ...
... several members of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of ligands activate cell death mechanisms in developing neurons and play a role in regulating neuron number during development. In this review, I will give an overview of the interplay of survival-promoting and deathpromoting extracellu ...
Self-organization and interareal networks™in™the™primate cortex
... generally accepted that the physiological function of the cortex is shaped by the pattern of interareal connections. Here, we focus on the SGLs of the cortex that are thought to undergo selective expansion in primates (Dehay and Kennedy, 2007). In a first instance, we review how connection weight de ...
... generally accepted that the physiological function of the cortex is shaped by the pattern of interareal connections. Here, we focus on the SGLs of the cortex that are thought to undergo selective expansion in primates (Dehay and Kennedy, 2007). In a first instance, we review how connection weight de ...
The Fine Structure of Slow-Wave Sleep Oscillations: from Single
... synaptic interactions between TC neurons and local inhibitory interneurons, loops between TC and RE neurons, or loops within the RE nucleus. The involvement of the RE nucleus was firmly demonstrated in a series of experiments by Steriade’s group (reviewed in Steriade et al. 1993d; Destexhe and Sejno ...
... synaptic interactions between TC neurons and local inhibitory interneurons, loops between TC and RE neurons, or loops within the RE nucleus. The involvement of the RE nucleus was firmly demonstrated in a series of experiments by Steriade’s group (reviewed in Steriade et al. 1993d; Destexhe and Sejno ...
THE PEDAL NEURONS OF APLYSIA PUNCTATA
... ganglia have been limited to cutting and stimulating nerve trunks, and using these techniques, Frohlich (1910) demonstrated the role of the pedal ganglia in inhibiting the tonic contraction of the isolated foot of Aplysia limacina. Ten Cate (1928) considered that the wave-like swimming movements of ...
... ganglia have been limited to cutting and stimulating nerve trunks, and using these techniques, Frohlich (1910) demonstrated the role of the pedal ganglia in inhibiting the tonic contraction of the isolated foot of Aplysia limacina. Ten Cate (1928) considered that the wave-like swimming movements of ...
PDF file - Izhikevich
... neurons, each making thousands of synaptic contacts with its neighbors. Given the complexity of the connectivity inherent in cortical anatomy, efforts to describe the pattern of electrical activity in exact detail within even a highly localized population of cortical neurons would be extremely diffi ...
... neurons, each making thousands of synaptic contacts with its neighbors. Given the complexity of the connectivity inherent in cortical anatomy, efforts to describe the pattern of electrical activity in exact detail within even a highly localized population of cortical neurons would be extremely diffi ...
Mirror Neurons in a New World Monkey, Common Marmoset
... grasping action executed by the experimenter and when the animal itself was grasping was examined by comparing the responses in Epoch 1 with those in Epoch 2 by the paired t-test. Individual multiunits were defined as mirror neurons when the neuronal responses were significant while observing at lea ...
... grasping action executed by the experimenter and when the animal itself was grasping was examined by comparing the responses in Epoch 1 with those in Epoch 2 by the paired t-test. Individual multiunits were defined as mirror neurons when the neuronal responses were significant while observing at lea ...
STOCHASTIC GENERATION OF BIOLOGICALLY - G
... observed XwebDB neurons and their YwebDB projections to derive statistical estimates of the parameters groups, which can in turn be used to produce more accurate brain network models. D. Background and rationale This section covers: 1. literature and prior work done by other investigators in this ar ...
... observed XwebDB neurons and their YwebDB projections to derive statistical estimates of the parameters groups, which can in turn be used to produce more accurate brain network models. D. Background and rationale This section covers: 1. literature and prior work done by other investigators in this ar ...
The spinal trigeminal nucleus — considerations on the
... The caudal part (nucleus caudalis) of the spinal trigeminal nucleus is considered to be the site of the second order neurons of the nociceptive pathways of the face. Recent studies have supported the co-participation in these circuits of the oral part of the same nucleus (nucleus oralis). The aims o ...
... The caudal part (nucleus caudalis) of the spinal trigeminal nucleus is considered to be the site of the second order neurons of the nociceptive pathways of the face. Recent studies have supported the co-participation in these circuits of the oral part of the same nucleus (nucleus oralis). The aims o ...
Pontine Gustatory Activity Is Altered by Electrical Stimulation in the
... were recorded from 51 single PBN neurons during application of sucrose, NaCl, NaCl mixed with amiloride, citric acid, and QHCl with or without concurrent electrical stimulation in the ipsilateral central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Based on the sapid stimulus that evoked the greatest discharge, 3 ...
... were recorded from 51 single PBN neurons during application of sucrose, NaCl, NaCl mixed with amiloride, citric acid, and QHCl with or without concurrent electrical stimulation in the ipsilateral central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Based on the sapid stimulus that evoked the greatest discharge, 3 ...
Lecture notes Neural Computation
... its dendrites (dendrite: Greek for branch). The dendritic trees can be very elaborate and often receive more than 10,000 synapses. Neurons mainly communicate using spikes, these are a brief (1ms), stereotypic excursions of the neuron’s membrane voltage. Spikes are thought to be mainly generated in t ...
... its dendrites (dendrite: Greek for branch). The dendritic trees can be very elaborate and often receive more than 10,000 synapses. Neurons mainly communicate using spikes, these are a brief (1ms), stereotypic excursions of the neuron’s membrane voltage. Spikes are thought to be mainly generated in t ...
Webb et al 2002 - User Web Areas at the University of York
... to gratings of a range of different contrasts, in the presence or absence of extraclassical stimuli, with V1 either intact or ablated. To characterize how different extraclassical stimuli modulated the activity of LGN neurons, the Michaelis-Menten equation was fitted to response versus contrast func ...
... to gratings of a range of different contrasts, in the presence or absence of extraclassical stimuli, with V1 either intact or ablated. To characterize how different extraclassical stimuli modulated the activity of LGN neurons, the Michaelis-Menten equation was fitted to response versus contrast func ...
Encoding of Action History in the Rat Ventral Striatum
... integrate multiple types of signals, such as value functions and reward prediction errors. In addition, the process of reinforcement learning would be greatly facilitated if memory signals related to the animal’s recent actions are also available in the same anatomical structure involved in updating ...
... integrate multiple types of signals, such as value functions and reward prediction errors. In addition, the process of reinforcement learning would be greatly facilitated if memory signals related to the animal’s recent actions are also available in the same anatomical structure involved in updating ...
On the Role of Biophysical Properties of Cortical Neurons in Binding
... inuenced by a multitude of factors. First, the potassium leakage current is a major constituent of the membrane conductivity and can be affected by neuromodulatory substances such as acetylcholine (ACh) acting via the muscarinic receptor (the Im current) (McCormick, 1992; Wang & McCormick, 1993; Wi ...
... inuenced by a multitude of factors. First, the potassium leakage current is a major constituent of the membrane conductivity and can be affected by neuromodulatory substances such as acetylcholine (ACh) acting via the muscarinic receptor (the Im current) (McCormick, 1992; Wang & McCormick, 1993; Wi ...
Slide 1
... (broken down) is a second way of removing a neurotransmitter from the gap serving the same purpose as the uptake pump. Source: NAMI – Family to Family Course, Class 6, Handout 2 – Basic Neuro-transmission at the Synapse – page 6.23 2) Metabolism ...
... (broken down) is a second way of removing a neurotransmitter from the gap serving the same purpose as the uptake pump. Source: NAMI – Family to Family Course, Class 6, Handout 2 – Basic Neuro-transmission at the Synapse – page 6.23 2) Metabolism ...