CNBC onnect - cnbc.cmu.edu - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition
... however, a gap in detailed understanding of the features processed in mid-level vision. This is complicated by the fact that there is feedback from the higher- to lower-level cortices. To better understand such featural processing, and especially to account for feedback effects, Yang is exploiting t ...
... however, a gap in detailed understanding of the features processed in mid-level vision. This is complicated by the fact that there is feedback from the higher- to lower-level cortices. To better understand such featural processing, and especially to account for feedback effects, Yang is exploiting t ...
Histamine reduces firing and bursting of anterior and intralaminar
... thalamic nuclear groups studied. In the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, slow depolarization induced by histamine and associated with a decrease in a potassium current could be blocked by H1 receptor antagonists [21]. A further activating component associated with an increase in membrane ...
... thalamic nuclear groups studied. In the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, slow depolarization induced by histamine and associated with a decrease in a potassium current could be blocked by H1 receptor antagonists [21]. A further activating component associated with an increase in membrane ...
neural representation and the cortical code
... signals that have a functional role in representation and those that do not, even in some cases where perturbations of the system are not feasible. In the example presented in Figure 1, the signals of neurons B1 and B2 are highly similar. But assume that because of independent noise in each signal, ...
... signals that have a functional role in representation and those that do not, even in some cases where perturbations of the system are not feasible. In the example presented in Figure 1, the signals of neurons B1 and B2 are highly similar. But assume that because of independent noise in each signal, ...
Associative memory properties of multiple cortical modules
... connections between neurons in different modules were large enough so that activity could initially propagate to set up global, consistent attractors, but were also small enough so that if a new cue were presented to the input modules, module C would be capable of remaining in an attractor correspon ...
... connections between neurons in different modules were large enough so that activity could initially propagate to set up global, consistent attractors, but were also small enough so that if a new cue were presented to the input modules, module C would be capable of remaining in an attractor correspon ...
The role of neuronal signaling in controlling cerebral blood flow
... suggest the importance of conceptualizing them as a neurovascular unit. The ability of this unit to regulate CBF involves several types of interactions between all of the components. 2. Mechanisms of functional hyperemia 2.1. DiVusion of synaptically released neurotransmitters More than a century ag ...
... suggest the importance of conceptualizing them as a neurovascular unit. The ability of this unit to regulate CBF involves several types of interactions between all of the components. 2. Mechanisms of functional hyperemia 2.1. DiVusion of synaptically released neurotransmitters More than a century ag ...
Spike-Wave Complexes and Fast Components of Cortically
... oscillations ( Ç9–10 Hz) were not in phase in some epochs (see depth-EEG in Fig. 2A) but could coalesce after a few seconds, thus resulting in fast EEG runs with higher amplitudes (Fig. 2 B; amplitude of field potentials in A is magnified by 5). Correlatively, the simultaneously recorded EEG waves h ...
... oscillations ( Ç9–10 Hz) were not in phase in some epochs (see depth-EEG in Fig. 2A) but could coalesce after a few seconds, thus resulting in fast EEG runs with higher amplitudes (Fig. 2 B; amplitude of field potentials in A is magnified by 5). Correlatively, the simultaneously recorded EEG waves h ...
A quantitative description of the mouse piriform cortex
... This model requires 3 quantities before one can use it to develop theories of olfaction: the number of glomeruli, the number of neurons, and the strength of synaptic connection between any glomerulus ‘i’ and neuron ‘j’, i.e. the entry (i,j) in the connection matrix. The number of glomeruli is alread ...
... This model requires 3 quantities before one can use it to develop theories of olfaction: the number of glomeruli, the number of neurons, and the strength of synaptic connection between any glomerulus ‘i’ and neuron ‘j’, i.e. the entry (i,j) in the connection matrix. The number of glomeruli is alread ...
Introduction 9 INTRODUCTION Circadian rhythms in physiology and
... cell-autonomous mechanism of rhythm generation results in the presence of multiple, single cell oscillators within the SCN. Circadian rhythms need to be correctly phased to the external environment. This is achieved by synchronization to the environmental light-dark cycle, which occurs as a conseque ...
... cell-autonomous mechanism of rhythm generation results in the presence of multiple, single cell oscillators within the SCN. Circadian rhythms need to be correctly phased to the external environment. This is achieved by synchronization to the environmental light-dark cycle, which occurs as a conseque ...
- AVMA Journals Online
... between the divisions of the RN and the cortex has been studied; corticorubral axons projecting mainly from the motor area were mapped in the RNp and in RNm of monkeys.9 Dypvik and Bland,10 investigating the connectivity of the RN with subcortical regions, pointed out that the neural activity of the ...
... between the divisions of the RN and the cortex has been studied; corticorubral axons projecting mainly from the motor area were mapped in the RNp and in RNm of monkeys.9 Dypvik and Bland,10 investigating the connectivity of the RN with subcortical regions, pointed out that the neural activity of the ...
Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal
... According to game theory and microeconomics, the value of rewards for behavioural reactions and decisions can be assessed from the multiplicative product of magnitude and probability of the future reward (expected reward value). In addition, the delay to the future reward reduces the reward value hy ...
... According to game theory and microeconomics, the value of rewards for behavioural reactions and decisions can be assessed from the multiplicative product of magnitude and probability of the future reward (expected reward value). In addition, the delay to the future reward reduces the reward value hy ...
Building silicon nervous systems with dendritic tree neuromorphs
... that dendritic membranes contain ionic channels that are voltage−dependent or influenced by intracellular second messenger systems [Hille, 1992]. Such mechanisms allow for non−linear operations, such as the amplification of postsynaptic potentials and the generation of action potentials on the dendr ...
... that dendritic membranes contain ionic channels that are voltage−dependent or influenced by intracellular second messenger systems [Hille, 1992]. Such mechanisms allow for non−linear operations, such as the amplification of postsynaptic potentials and the generation of action potentials on the dendr ...
Genetic Analysis of the Drosophila Ellipsoid Body
... interconnect elements of different substructures, and some small-field neurons also project to the accessory areas or other brain regions. Golgi studies of Hanesch et al. (1989) describe the complex three-dimensional structure of the Drosophila cc as similar to that of Schistocerca (Williams, 1975). ...
... interconnect elements of different substructures, and some small-field neurons also project to the accessory areas or other brain regions. Golgi studies of Hanesch et al. (1989) describe the complex three-dimensional structure of the Drosophila cc as similar to that of Schistocerca (Williams, 1975). ...
I Know What You Are Doing: A - Università degli Studi di Parma
... Figure 1. Example of a Neuron Responding to Action Observation in Full Vision and in Hidden Condition but Not in Mimed Conditions The lower part of each panel illustrates schematically the experimenter’s action as observed from the monkey’s vantage point: the experimenter’s hand started from a fixed ...
... Figure 1. Example of a Neuron Responding to Action Observation in Full Vision and in Hidden Condition but Not in Mimed Conditions The lower part of each panel illustrates schematically the experimenter’s action as observed from the monkey’s vantage point: the experimenter’s hand started from a fixed ...
Developments in understanding neuronal spike trains and functional
... (Koch, 1999). Put simply, there is significant presence of neuronal processing that involves dependency only on single spikes or on the time interval between spikes. This latter point is critical since it indicates that the time between spikes, the inter-spike interval (ISI), may contain useful info ...
... (Koch, 1999). Put simply, there is significant presence of neuronal processing that involves dependency only on single spikes or on the time interval between spikes. This latter point is critical since it indicates that the time between spikes, the inter-spike interval (ISI), may contain useful info ...
Grasping the Intentions of Others with One`s Own Mirror Neuron
... away? The aim of the present study is to investigate the neural basis of intention understanding in this sense and, more specifically, the role played by the human mirror neuron system in this type of intention understanding. The term ‘‘intention’’ will be always used in this specific sense, to indica ...
... away? The aim of the present study is to investigate the neural basis of intention understanding in this sense and, more specifically, the role played by the human mirror neuron system in this type of intention understanding. The term ‘‘intention’’ will be always used in this specific sense, to indica ...
Functional organization of inferior parietal lobule convexity in the
... more than two decades ago and does not account for the functional complexity suggested by more recent neuroanatomical findings. We investigated this issue by recording multi- and single units in the IPL convexity of two monkeys and characterizing their somatosensory, visual and motor responses, usin ...
... more than two decades ago and does not account for the functional complexity suggested by more recent neuroanatomical findings. We investigated this issue by recording multi- and single units in the IPL convexity of two monkeys and characterizing their somatosensory, visual and motor responses, usin ...
Sequential Development of Electrical and Chemical Synaptic
... Neuronal circuits form during embryonic life, even before synapses are completely mature. Developmental changes can be quantitative (e.g., connections become stronger and more reliable) or qualitative (e.g., synapses form, are lost, or switch from electrical to chemical or from excitatory to inhibit ...
... Neuronal circuits form during embryonic life, even before synapses are completely mature. Developmental changes can be quantitative (e.g., connections become stronger and more reliable) or qualitative (e.g., synapses form, are lost, or switch from electrical to chemical or from excitatory to inhibit ...
BioCapture™ : Acquiring EEG data Quick Notes
... pulse called an action potential. This pulse, which travels rapidly along the cell’s body, activates synaptic connections of other brain cells. As a result, the signal display reveals a network of brain cells working together in unison. ...
... pulse called an action potential. This pulse, which travels rapidly along the cell’s body, activates synaptic connections of other brain cells. As a result, the signal display reveals a network of brain cells working together in unison. ...
Neural Substrate Expansion for the Restoration of Brain
... external world. These devices, which include sensory modality replacements and conventional brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), are not designed to restore the function of a damaged brain; in fact, they typically require an intact brain for optimal usage. Nevertheless, they share similar technologies a ...
... external world. These devices, which include sensory modality replacements and conventional brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), are not designed to restore the function of a damaged brain; in fact, they typically require an intact brain for optimal usage. Nevertheless, they share similar technologies a ...
The Bifurcating Neuron Network 1q
... time of a spike, and the ability to respond sensitively to the timing of incoming spikes. Since both of the two extreme examples, i.e. the integrate-and-®re neuron and the compartment-model-based neurons, appear to satisfy the requirement, it is a wise strategy to try ®rst the simplest, and therefor ...
... time of a spike, and the ability to respond sensitively to the timing of incoming spikes. Since both of the two extreme examples, i.e. the integrate-and-®re neuron and the compartment-model-based neurons, appear to satisfy the requirement, it is a wise strategy to try ®rst the simplest, and therefor ...
Dorsal Column Nuclei Neurons Recorded in a Brain Stem–Spinal
... Deuchars, Susan A., T. Trippenbach, and K. Michael Spyer. Dorsal column nuclei neurons recorded in a brain stem–spinal cord preparation: characteristics and their responses to dorsal root stimulation. J Neurophysiol 84: 1361–1368, 2000. Recordings were obtained from dorsal column nucleus (DCN) neuro ...
... Deuchars, Susan A., T. Trippenbach, and K. Michael Spyer. Dorsal column nuclei neurons recorded in a brain stem–spinal cord preparation: characteristics and their responses to dorsal root stimulation. J Neurophysiol 84: 1361–1368, 2000. Recordings were obtained from dorsal column nucleus (DCN) neuro ...
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... receives long-range cortico-cortical feedback input, it has been suggested that L2/3 and L5 neurons can associate this input with the feed-forward and recurrent input in lower layers [18,48,49]. The cortex is also in constant dialogue with the thalamus via projections from L5 and L6 neurons and reci ...
... receives long-range cortico-cortical feedback input, it has been suggested that L2/3 and L5 neurons can associate this input with the feed-forward and recurrent input in lower layers [18,48,49]. The cortex is also in constant dialogue with the thalamus via projections from L5 and L6 neurons and reci ...
decision-making in the primate brain
... Munoz 1998; Kim and Shadlen 1999; Platt and Glimcher 1999; Shadlen and Newsome 1996, 2001). In contrast, over the past 400 years, economists have developed simple normative models to describe what rational agents should do when confronted with a choice between two options [Arnauld and Nichole 1662; ...
... Munoz 1998; Kim and Shadlen 1999; Platt and Glimcher 1999; Shadlen and Newsome 1996, 2001). In contrast, over the past 400 years, economists have developed simple normative models to describe what rational agents should do when confronted with a choice between two options [Arnauld and Nichole 1662; ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.