Stimulation Within the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Can Evoke
... neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 229–235, 1997. The inhibitory responses of identified sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) to stimulation within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) were studied to determine their nature and pharmacology. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were made fr ...
... neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 229–235, 1997. The inhibitory responses of identified sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) to stimulation within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) were studied to determine their nature and pharmacology. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were made fr ...
Progress Report – Glover
... central nervous system using timed applications of the thymidine analog BrdU. Through this work, we now know when neurons are born in the different parts of the nervous system, important information for future experiments aimed at exploring the role of various genes in specifying neuron types. This ...
... central nervous system using timed applications of the thymidine analog BrdU. Through this work, we now know when neurons are born in the different parts of the nervous system, important information for future experiments aimed at exploring the role of various genes in specifying neuron types. This ...
EFFECTS OF INTERLEUKM 1p ON JSOLATED RAT
... CNS, where it can interact wiai circulating EPs. It is a srnall. semisphencal protnision situated at the rostro-dorsal quadrant of the third œrebral ventricle, attached to the hippocampal commissure (Dellman. 1985). ...
... CNS, where it can interact wiai circulating EPs. It is a srnall. semisphencal protnision situated at the rostro-dorsal quadrant of the third œrebral ventricle, attached to the hippocampal commissure (Dellman. 1985). ...
Statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions: Constraints on 40
... is well known from many neural network studies that ensembles of neurons can simultaneously support multiple memories [22], so that it is unlikely that just serially connecting 40-Hz subcycles within larger oscillatory cycles can provide the 7±2 constraint. The SMNI approach gives a consistent inter ...
... is well known from many neural network studies that ensembles of neurons can simultaneously support multiple memories [22], so that it is unlikely that just serially connecting 40-Hz subcycles within larger oscillatory cycles can provide the 7±2 constraint. The SMNI approach gives a consistent inter ...
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour
... system? Single-unit studies in the monkey suggest that cortical representations of an action are organized around the goal or target of that action. Many F5 neurons become active during actions that share the same goal but are performed with different effectors, suggesting that actions are represent ...
... system? Single-unit studies in the monkey suggest that cortical representations of an action are organized around the goal or target of that action. Many F5 neurons become active during actions that share the same goal but are performed with different effectors, suggesting that actions are represent ...
The Human Mirror Neuron System and Embodied
... motor actions. They also respond when the animal is presented with graspable objects. These neurons show some degree of specificity for particular actions, with this specificity consistent for movement as well as for objects associated with these movements. For example, a canonical neuron that respo ...
... motor actions. They also respond when the animal is presented with graspable objects. These neurons show some degree of specificity for particular actions, with this specificity consistent for movement as well as for objects associated with these movements. For example, a canonical neuron that respo ...
PDF Format
... VL nucleus (Fig. 1B) the prolonged hyperpolarization accompanying the depth-positive EEG wave (asterisks) was followed by spindle-related, rhythmic IPSPs (at 8-9 Hz) that increased in amplitude under depolarizing current; under hyperpolarizing current, the VL neuron fired a low-threshold spike after ...
... VL nucleus (Fig. 1B) the prolonged hyperpolarization accompanying the depth-positive EEG wave (asterisks) was followed by spindle-related, rhythmic IPSPs (at 8-9 Hz) that increased in amplitude under depolarizing current; under hyperpolarizing current, the VL neuron fired a low-threshold spike after ...
What insights can fMRI offer into the structure and function of mid-tier visual areas?
... appear to be about 200 microns in diameter in humans, so there are at least four in the smallest voxel, and typically many more. Many different features are mapped across the cortical surface (Swindale, 1992), and for each, there is a small army of excitatory and inhibitory neurons with different co ...
... appear to be about 200 microns in diameter in humans, so there are at least four in the smallest voxel, and typically many more. Many different features are mapped across the cortical surface (Swindale, 1992), and for each, there is a small army of excitatory and inhibitory neurons with different co ...
preprint - biomed.cas.cz
... show, that spiking randomness is capable of capturing characteristics that would otherwise be difficult to obtain with conventional methods. The notion of randomness is very different from that of variability, even though these terms are sometimes interchanged. Furthermore, since the definition of r ...
... show, that spiking randomness is capable of capturing characteristics that would otherwise be difficult to obtain with conventional methods. The notion of randomness is very different from that of variability, even though these terms are sometimes interchanged. Furthermore, since the definition of r ...
Neurons - LPS.org
... neuron to the next and influences whether a neuron will generate an action potential (impulse). ...
... neuron to the next and influences whether a neuron will generate an action potential (impulse). ...
12-4 Membrane Potential
... o 12-7 Describe the structure of a synapse, and explain the mechanism involved in synaptic activity. o 12-8 Describe the major types of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and discuss their effects on postsynaptic membranes. o 12-9 Discuss the interactions that enable information processing to oc ...
... o 12-7 Describe the structure of a synapse, and explain the mechanism involved in synaptic activity. o 12-8 Describe the major types of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and discuss their effects on postsynaptic membranes. o 12-9 Discuss the interactions that enable information processing to oc ...
Swim Initiation Neurons in Tritonia diomedea1
... escape swim circuit of the marine mollusc Tritonia diomedea that have important roles in behavioral initiation. DRI functions as a command neuron, receiving direct excitatory input from the afferent neurons, and in turn directly exciting the DSI neurons of the central pattern generator. DRI fires th ...
... escape swim circuit of the marine mollusc Tritonia diomedea that have important roles in behavioral initiation. DRI functions as a command neuron, receiving direct excitatory input from the afferent neurons, and in turn directly exciting the DSI neurons of the central pattern generator. DRI fires th ...
Independent and Convergent Signals From the Pontomedullary
... that serve to stabilize the body or body segment during the execution of the movement itself. These postural responses are also anticipatory in nature because they occur before there is any possibility of feedback from the movement itself influencing the response (Massion 1992). They are referred to ...
... that serve to stabilize the body or body segment during the execution of the movement itself. These postural responses are also anticipatory in nature because they occur before there is any possibility of feedback from the movement itself influencing the response (Massion 1992). They are referred to ...
Optical Imaging of Neural Structure and Physiology: Confocal
... of connections may not accurately reflect neural connectivity, especially during development and in diseased states in which physical connections may be changing. Such phenomena fall into the realm of modifiability, or plasticity, and there is now a major effort to understand how structural plastici ...
... of connections may not accurately reflect neural connectivity, especially during development and in diseased states in which physical connections may be changing. Such phenomena fall into the realm of modifiability, or plasticity, and there is now a major effort to understand how structural plastici ...
Effect of Adrenalectomy on Miniature Inhibitory Postsynaptic
... Verkuyl, J. M. and M. Joëls. Effect of adrenalectomy on miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. J Neurophysiol 89: 237–245, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00401.2002. Within the rat paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus two types of neurons have been d ...
... Verkuyl, J. M. and M. Joëls. Effect of adrenalectomy on miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. J Neurophysiol 89: 237–245, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00401.2002. Within the rat paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus two types of neurons have been d ...
PDF
... of columns is of approximately same size in both cats and monkeys. The functional properties of neurons are similar within a column, but significantly differ between adjacent columns (Mountcastle, 1997). Seminal work by Hubel and Wiesel in the 1960s and 1970s then triggered tremendous interest in s ...
... of columns is of approximately same size in both cats and monkeys. The functional properties of neurons are similar within a column, but significantly differ between adjacent columns (Mountcastle, 1997). Seminal work by Hubel and Wiesel in the 1960s and 1970s then triggered tremendous interest in s ...
Properties of Primary Sensory (Lemniscal) Synapses in the
... medial lemniscus produced a very short-latency (⬃1 ms), fast-rising EPSP that peaked at ⬃2 ms. When the EPSP reaches firing threshold it produces an action potential at a latency of ⬃2 ms (Fig. 1B). Thus lemniscal synapses are extremely fast (Sabatini and Regehr 1999). Corticothalamic synapses forme ...
... medial lemniscus produced a very short-latency (⬃1 ms), fast-rising EPSP that peaked at ⬃2 ms. When the EPSP reaches firing threshold it produces an action potential at a latency of ⬃2 ms (Fig. 1B). Thus lemniscal synapses are extremely fast (Sabatini and Regehr 1999). Corticothalamic synapses forme ...
Distinct or Gradually Changing Spatial and Nonspatial
... of neurons in ventral versus dorsal hippocampus, computed from the mean theta index of ventral and dorsal pyramidal cells, extracted from Figure 6 H of Royer et al. (2010). C, Fraction of neurons responsive to nonspatial cues (e.g., fear, stress, and reward location) at dorsal and ventral hippocampu ...
... of neurons in ventral versus dorsal hippocampus, computed from the mean theta index of ventral and dorsal pyramidal cells, extracted from Figure 6 H of Royer et al. (2010). C, Fraction of neurons responsive to nonspatial cues (e.g., fear, stress, and reward location) at dorsal and ventral hippocampu ...
Artificial neural networks and their application in biological and
... Usually, at the beginning, the synaptic weights are chosen randomly, but sometimes different algorithmic methods of selection can be applied (Lasoń et al. 2001). Such a potential network goes through many examinations and tests, in order to find out how many errors it makes. The testing phase is fin ...
... Usually, at the beginning, the synaptic weights are chosen randomly, but sometimes different algorithmic methods of selection can be applied (Lasoń et al. 2001). Such a potential network goes through many examinations and tests, in order to find out how many errors it makes. The testing phase is fin ...
Tolerance to Sound Intensity of Binaural
... 100, EGTA 10, HEPES 40, MgCl2 5, Na-ATP 2.2, Na-GTP 0.3). Electrode impedance ranged from 4 to 10 MV. Broad-band noise bursts with ITD and IID set to zero were used as search stimuli. NL was located stereotaxically and by its physiological response properties. At 1.5–2.5 mm posterior to the interaur ...
... 100, EGTA 10, HEPES 40, MgCl2 5, Na-ATP 2.2, Na-GTP 0.3). Electrode impedance ranged from 4 to 10 MV. Broad-band noise bursts with ITD and IID set to zero were used as search stimuli. NL was located stereotaxically and by its physiological response properties. At 1.5–2.5 mm posterior to the interaur ...
Effects of the Abused Inhalant Toluene on the
... Electrophysiological studies reveal that most midbrain DA neurons display low tonic rates of firing (1–5 Hz) interspersed with bursts of firing (20–80 Hz) that are associated with novel or rewarding stimuli [31]. The mechanisms that underlie the transition between tonic and burst modes of VTA DA neu ...
... Electrophysiological studies reveal that most midbrain DA neurons display low tonic rates of firing (1–5 Hz) interspersed with bursts of firing (20–80 Hz) that are associated with novel or rewarding stimuli [31]. The mechanisms that underlie the transition between tonic and burst modes of VTA DA neu ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.