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... regions (Fig. 1) known to contain preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in experimental animals. Medium-sized neurons were located in a region bordered by the spinal trigeminal nucleus laterally, the facial nucleus medially and the medial vestibular nucleus dorsally. Rostrally, these neurons were sc ...
... regions (Fig. 1) known to contain preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in experimental animals. Medium-sized neurons were located in a region bordered by the spinal trigeminal nucleus laterally, the facial nucleus medially and the medial vestibular nucleus dorsally. Rostrally, these neurons were sc ...
Enhanced cholinergic suppression of previously strengthened synapses enables the formation of
... capacity to store distributed patterns (conveyed via afferent input connections) and to subsequently perform pattern completion on degraded or noisy versions of these input patterns. Simulations of associative memory function in these cortical networks have led researchers to investigate how physiol ...
... capacity to store distributed patterns (conveyed via afferent input connections) and to subsequently perform pattern completion on degraded or noisy versions of these input patterns. Simulations of associative memory function in these cortical networks have led researchers to investigate how physiol ...
Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
... All active synapses are modified the same way, depending only on the strength of the postsynaptic activity. Heterosynaptic Active synapses can be modified differently, depending upon the strength of their presynaptic activity. ...
... All active synapses are modified the same way, depending only on the strength of the postsynaptic activity. Heterosynaptic Active synapses can be modified differently, depending upon the strength of their presynaptic activity. ...
KISHORE Aswathy - School of Computing
... representation’. Accordingly, different features of the object such as shape, texture and colour will be represented in different parts of the brain. Hence, in order to have a complete representation for the object, these individual localised representations have to be bound together to form a globa ...
... representation’. Accordingly, different features of the object such as shape, texture and colour will be represented in different parts of the brain. Hence, in order to have a complete representation for the object, these individual localised representations have to be bound together to form a globa ...
Accurate reconstruction of neuronal morphology
... Extracellular recordings can be used to fill neurons in vivo with the technique of juxtapositional staining [11]. Recordings are obtained with a glass capillary pulled for intracellular recording, but broken to a tip diameter of 1.5 to 3.0 m. Breaking can be done by mounting the pulled capillary on ...
... Extracellular recordings can be used to fill neurons in vivo with the technique of juxtapositional staining [11]. Recordings are obtained with a glass capillary pulled for intracellular recording, but broken to a tip diameter of 1.5 to 3.0 m. Breaking can be done by mounting the pulled capillary on ...
The neuronal structure of the substantia nigra in the guinea pig
... than have been reported in the adult [23,34]. Schwyn and Fox [34] as well as Phelps and Adinolfi [33] came to the conclusion that most of these spines observed in the SN newborn infant disappear during the early stages of development. A significant loss of dendritic spines and dendrites was also obs ...
... than have been reported in the adult [23,34]. Schwyn and Fox [34] as well as Phelps and Adinolfi [33] came to the conclusion that most of these spines observed in the SN newborn infant disappear during the early stages of development. A significant loss of dendritic spines and dendrites was also obs ...
BvP neurons exhibit a larger variety in statistics of inter
... of (CV,SK) lie outside of the small region, and the magnitude of the deviations correspond to input correlations on a scale of hundreds of milliseconds in the LIF model.2) The relationship between input and output statistics generally depends on the spiking mechanism of the neuron. It is known that ...
... of (CV,SK) lie outside of the small region, and the magnitude of the deviations correspond to input correlations on a scale of hundreds of milliseconds in the LIF model.2) The relationship between input and output statistics generally depends on the spiking mechanism of the neuron. It is known that ...
paper - Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit
... the state at time t{1, then the next state s(t) is drawn from the conditional probability distribution T(sjs(t{1)). An important theorem from probability theory (see, e.g., p. 232 in [39]) states that if M is irreducible (i.e., any state in S can be reached from any other state in S in finitely many ...
... the state at time t{1, then the next state s(t) is drawn from the conditional probability distribution T(sjs(t{1)). An important theorem from probability theory (see, e.g., p. 232 in [39]) states that if M is irreducible (i.e., any state in S can be reached from any other state in S in finitely many ...
Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the rat
... onset of the plateau (latency, s) was defined as the time interval between the onset of the bicuculline application and the moment at which mean discharge value exceeded mean baseline activity by two standard deviations. The recovery time was defined as the time-interval between the offset of the ej ...
... onset of the plateau (latency, s) was defined as the time interval between the onset of the bicuculline application and the moment at which mean discharge value exceeded mean baseline activity by two standard deviations. The recovery time was defined as the time-interval between the offset of the ej ...
Hasselmo M.E. (2007) Arc length coding by interference of
... CA3 of the hippocampus. However, data and modeling suggest an alternate mechanism for encoding of sequences in which interference between theta frequency oscillations encodes the position within a sequence based on spatial arc length or time. Arc length can be coded by an oscillatory interference mo ...
... CA3 of the hippocampus. However, data and modeling suggest an alternate mechanism for encoding of sequences in which interference between theta frequency oscillations encodes the position within a sequence based on spatial arc length or time. Arc length can be coded by an oscillatory interference mo ...
MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR IN LACTATING RATS STIMULATES c
... 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive labeling was greatest ventromedially, while high numbers of Fosimmunoreactive nuclei were found both ventromedially and ventrolaterally. In pup-stimulated dams, more than half (53% in the medial preoptic area, 59% in the ventral bed nucleus of th ...
... 67,000 mol. wt glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive labeling was greatest ventromedially, while high numbers of Fosimmunoreactive nuclei were found both ventromedially and ventrolaterally. In pup-stimulated dams, more than half (53% in the medial preoptic area, 59% in the ventral bed nucleus of th ...
State-dependent and cell type-specific temporal processing in
... evoked population activity in AC (Fig. 6a–c) and MGB (Fig. 6d–f). While neurons in both areas showed diverse response profiles, auditory cortical neurons typically showed a large onset response followed by brief suppression and rebound activation regardless of cortical state (Fig. 6a–c). Notably, th ...
... evoked population activity in AC (Fig. 6a–c) and MGB (Fig. 6d–f). While neurons in both areas showed diverse response profiles, auditory cortical neurons typically showed a large onset response followed by brief suppression and rebound activation regardless of cortical state (Fig. 6a–c). Notably, th ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... a fundamental mechanism linking sensory representations of the actions of others to motor plans. Furthermore, social psychology studies have documented the automaticity of imitation and mimicry in humans, a feature that also maps well onto some recently disclosed neurophysiological bases of imitatio ...
... a fundamental mechanism linking sensory representations of the actions of others to motor plans. Furthermore, social psychology studies have documented the automaticity of imitation and mimicry in humans, a feature that also maps well onto some recently disclosed neurophysiological bases of imitatio ...
How Reliably Does a Neuron in the Visual Motion Pathway of fhe Fly
... In the present account it was intended to find out how well the H1cell, a spiking neuron in the fly’s visual motion pathway, encodes behaviourally relevant motion stimuli and to what extent the representation of such stimuli is affected by stochastic signal fluctuations. Therefore, the H1-cell was s ...
... In the present account it was intended to find out how well the H1cell, a spiking neuron in the fly’s visual motion pathway, encodes behaviourally relevant motion stimuli and to what extent the representation of such stimuli is affected by stochastic signal fluctuations. Therefore, the H1-cell was s ...
Mental Processes -- How the Mind Arises from the Brain Roger Ellman
... - recognition of all beings that are human as human beings; - recognition of all shirts. The universal is the common characteristic of all elements of the group, that is Eness, human-ness, shirt-ness in the above three examples. Not only humans recognize universals; most animals do also, but the abi ...
... - recognition of all beings that are human as human beings; - recognition of all shirts. The universal is the common characteristic of all elements of the group, that is Eness, human-ness, shirt-ness in the above three examples. Not only humans recognize universals; most animals do also, but the abi ...
choosing the greater of two goods: neural currencies for valuation
... systems of the cerebral cortex. As sensory and motor physiologists traced input and output pathways deeper into the brain, they often found themselves studying the same central brain structures from different perspectives. Because decision making forms a key link between sensation and action, some o ...
... systems of the cerebral cortex. As sensory and motor physiologists traced input and output pathways deeper into the brain, they often found themselves studying the same central brain structures from different perspectives. Because decision making forms a key link between sensation and action, some o ...
The Preoptic Nucleus in Fishes: A Comparative Discussion of
... strated that PN cells can be activated by wide regions of the telencephalon (Hal\ow\tzet al., 1971). Unfortunately the units recorded were not identified as being en- • docrine neurons by antidromic activation by pituitary stimulation. However, the input from wide regions of the telencephalon does i ...
... strated that PN cells can be activated by wide regions of the telencephalon (Hal\ow\tzet al., 1971). Unfortunately the units recorded were not identified as being en- • docrine neurons by antidromic activation by pituitary stimulation. However, the input from wide regions of the telencephalon does i ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... a fundamental mechanism linking sensory representations of the actions of others to motor plans. Furthermore, social psychology studies have documented the automaticity of imitation and mimicry in humans, a feature that also maps well onto some recently disclosed neurophysiological bases of imitatio ...
... a fundamental mechanism linking sensory representations of the actions of others to motor plans. Furthermore, social psychology studies have documented the automaticity of imitation and mimicry in humans, a feature that also maps well onto some recently disclosed neurophysiological bases of imitatio ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... a fundamental mechanism linking sensory representations of the actions of others to motor plans. Furthermore, social psychology studies have documented the automaticity of imitation and mimicry in humans, a feature that also maps well onto some recently disclosed neurophysiological bases of imitatio ...
... a fundamental mechanism linking sensory representations of the actions of others to motor plans. Furthermore, social psychology studies have documented the automaticity of imitation and mimicry in humans, a feature that also maps well onto some recently disclosed neurophysiological bases of imitatio ...
The Influence of the Respiratory Cycle on the EEG
... the EEG-activating effect of the projections from the locus coeruleus, which exerts its desynchronizing effect on cortex via the cholinergic medial septum (Berridge and Foote 1994, 1996, Berridge et al. 1996, Liljenström and Hasselmo 1995). It is important to note that the activity of locus coeruleu ...
... the EEG-activating effect of the projections from the locus coeruleus, which exerts its desynchronizing effect on cortex via the cholinergic medial septum (Berridge and Foote 1994, 1996, Berridge et al. 1996, Liljenström and Hasselmo 1995). It is important to note that the activity of locus coeruleu ...
Doubly stochastic processes: an approach for understanding central
... processes are a natural tool for understanding certain types of information processing in the central nervous system. Doubly stochastic processes themselves are not new and have been investigated in a mathematical context; however, they have not been widely applied in neuroscience. We begin by point ...
... processes are a natural tool for understanding certain types of information processing in the central nervous system. Doubly stochastic processes themselves are not new and have been investigated in a mathematical context; however, they have not been widely applied in neuroscience. We begin by point ...
chapter one
... this amazing processor are known. In particular, the most basic element of the human brain is a specific type of cell which, unlike the rest of the body, doesn't appear to regenerate. Because this type of cell is the only part of the body that isn't slowly replaced, it is assumed that these cells ar ...
... this amazing processor are known. In particular, the most basic element of the human brain is a specific type of cell which, unlike the rest of the body, doesn't appear to regenerate. Because this type of cell is the only part of the body that isn't slowly replaced, it is assumed that these cells ar ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.