Mechanisms of Visual Attention in the Human Cortex
... firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather ...
... firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather ...
Hybrid Scheme for Modeling Local Field Potentials from Point
... conservation, the sum of all transmembrane currents, including all ionic and capacitive currents, must be zero for each neuron. In a point-neuron model, all transmembrane currents are collapsed in a single point in space. The net transmembrane current, and hence the extracellular potential, therefor ...
... conservation, the sum of all transmembrane currents, including all ionic and capacitive currents, must be zero for each neuron. In a point-neuron model, all transmembrane currents are collapsed in a single point in space. The net transmembrane current, and hence the extracellular potential, therefor ...
Differential Characteristics of Face Neuron Responses Within the
... The monkeys were trained to perform a version of a sequential delayed matching-to-sample task that requires the identification of a face (I-DMS task; Fig. 1A); this behavioral task was the same as that described in our preceding paper (Eifuku et al. 2004). In the I-DMS task, a sample (480 ms) stimul ...
... The monkeys were trained to perform a version of a sequential delayed matching-to-sample task that requires the identification of a face (I-DMS task; Fig. 1A); this behavioral task was the same as that described in our preceding paper (Eifuku et al. 2004). In the I-DMS task, a sample (480 ms) stimul ...
THESIS D - Krishikosh
... I express my sincere thanks to Mr. S. N. Gawande. University Librarian, MAFSU, Nagpur. I also offer my sincere thanks to Mr. Dinesh Patil, Assistant Professors of Statistics, Department of Veterinary Genetics, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur for their suggestions and guidance as and when required ...
... I express my sincere thanks to Mr. S. N. Gawande. University Librarian, MAFSU, Nagpur. I also offer my sincere thanks to Mr. Dinesh Patil, Assistant Professors of Statistics, Department of Veterinary Genetics, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur for their suggestions and guidance as and when required ...
Pearson SA, Mouihate A, Pittman QJ, Whelan PJ
... Procedures were approved by the University of Calgary Animal Care Committee. Experiments were performed on Swiss Webster mice (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA) 2–3 d old (P2–P3; weight, 1.80 –3.60 gm; n ⫽ 81). The animals were anesthetized by hypothermia. Animals were decapitated rapidly ...
... Procedures were approved by the University of Calgary Animal Care Committee. Experiments were performed on Swiss Webster mice (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA) 2–3 d old (P2–P3; weight, 1.80 –3.60 gm; n ⫽ 81). The animals were anesthetized by hypothermia. Animals were decapitated rapidly ...
GAP-43 Expression in Primary Sensory Neurons following Central
... Copyright 0 1994 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/94/144375-10$05.00/O ...
... Copyright 0 1994 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/94/144375-10$05.00/O ...
Principles of Neural Science
... impulses, and (3) a response to this signal in the form of a perception or conscious experience of sensation. Their findings gave rise to the fields of psychophysics and sensory physiology. Psychophysics focused on the relationship between the physical characteristics of a stimulus and the attribute ...
... impulses, and (3) a response to this signal in the form of a perception or conscious experience of sensation. Their findings gave rise to the fields of psychophysics and sensory physiology. Psychophysics focused on the relationship between the physical characteristics of a stimulus and the attribute ...
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... secretions, urinary bladder emptying, sweating, body temperature, and many other activities • Some of the above functions are controlled almost entirely and some only partially by the autonomic nervous system. ...
... secretions, urinary bladder emptying, sweating, body temperature, and many other activities • Some of the above functions are controlled almost entirely and some only partially by the autonomic nervous system. ...
Reticular Formation
... Reticular Activating System Relatively non-specific Sensory modalities are merged in a polysynaptic pathway Only provides a vague awareness of any particular sensory modality Results in cortical stimulation with profound effects on: levels of Consciousness and Alerting reactions to sensory s ...
... Reticular Activating System Relatively non-specific Sensory modalities are merged in a polysynaptic pathway Only provides a vague awareness of any particular sensory modality Results in cortical stimulation with profound effects on: levels of Consciousness and Alerting reactions to sensory s ...
The Pedunculopontine Nucleus (PPN) in Parkinson`s Disease
... nuclei (particularly massive to SNc and STN). PPN receives massive GABAergic inputs from basal ganglia output nuclei (GPi, SNr) and from STN. Cholinergic neurons in PPN undergo massive degeneration in Parkinson’s disease. Bilateral lesion of cholinergic cells in PPN induces gait problems in monkeys. ...
... nuclei (particularly massive to SNc and STN). PPN receives massive GABAergic inputs from basal ganglia output nuclei (GPi, SNr) and from STN. Cholinergic neurons in PPN undergo massive degeneration in Parkinson’s disease. Bilateral lesion of cholinergic cells in PPN induces gait problems in monkeys. ...
Frontal lobe dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
... tending to show greater disability than the ALSu patients. This difference was more apparent on mean scores of bulbar function; however, the scores are computed from a maximum of 20, demonstrating that the ALSi group displayed some slight bulbar functional impairment, while the ALSu group was virtua ...
... tending to show greater disability than the ALSu patients. This difference was more apparent on mean scores of bulbar function; however, the scores are computed from a maximum of 20, demonstrating that the ALSi group displayed some slight bulbar functional impairment, while the ALSu group was virtua ...
Morphological and F`unctional Identifications of Catfish Retinal
... potential) and the spike discharges of the ganglion cells (a discrete signal), thus examining the two representative classesof neural signals. Although the great advantages of the method, especially when applied to intracellular recording, were recognized at this earlier stage of the development, we ...
... potential) and the spike discharges of the ganglion cells (a discrete signal), thus examining the two representative classesof neural signals. Although the great advantages of the method, especially when applied to intracellular recording, were recognized at this earlier stage of the development, we ...
CELL MIGRATION IN THE FOREBRAIN
... Modulation of Radial Movement by Motogenic Factors Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NT4, members of the neurotrophin family, have been shown to promote the migration of cortical neurons. TrkB, the high-affinity receptor of BDNF and NT4, is expressed in migrating neurons in the cortical p ...
... Modulation of Radial Movement by Motogenic Factors Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NT4, members of the neurotrophin family, have been shown to promote the migration of cortical neurons. TrkB, the high-affinity receptor of BDNF and NT4, is expressed in migrating neurons in the cortical p ...
Characterization of peripheral osmoreceptors - diss.fu
... glucose and many others. The osmolality of the ECF is a measure of the concentration of each of these substances and is defined as the number of moles of the chemical compounds in solution per kilogram of solvent. Loss or gain of systemic water or electrolytes results in changes in ECF osmolality wh ...
... glucose and many others. The osmolality of the ECF is a measure of the concentration of each of these substances and is defined as the number of moles of the chemical compounds in solution per kilogram of solvent. Loss or gain of systemic water or electrolytes results in changes in ECF osmolality wh ...
J.H. Meijer, S. Michel, M.J. Vansteensel
... re-entrainment. Experiments using large, 6-h advances of the light–dark cycle lasting 1 day with subsequent constant darkness, revealed a dissociation of the clock gene per1 expression rhythm and the electrical activity rhythm of the SCN in vitro (Vansteensel et al., 2003). SCN neuronal activity rec ...
... re-entrainment. Experiments using large, 6-h advances of the light–dark cycle lasting 1 day with subsequent constant darkness, revealed a dissociation of the clock gene per1 expression rhythm and the electrical activity rhythm of the SCN in vitro (Vansteensel et al., 2003). SCN neuronal activity rec ...
The role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in Alzheimer`s disease
... their specific localization may affect intracellular signaling in each neuron and eventually determine not only the fate of those cells but the function of the central nervous system in specific pathological and physiological conditions. Selective degeneration of populations of vulnerable neurons in ...
... their specific localization may affect intracellular signaling in each neuron and eventually determine not only the fate of those cells but the function of the central nervous system in specific pathological and physiological conditions. Selective degeneration of populations of vulnerable neurons in ...
Critical role of extracellularly secreted neuronal pentraxin 1 in
... To determine the specificity of NP1 induction in neuronal death, we transfected WT primary cortical neurons with either control scramble (SsiRNA) or NP1-siRNA to knockdown NP1 in WT neurons (Figure 3). Using our established protocol, we found that NP1-siRNA almost completely knockdown NP1 protein le ...
... To determine the specificity of NP1 induction in neuronal death, we transfected WT primary cortical neurons with either control scramble (SsiRNA) or NP1-siRNA to knockdown NP1 in WT neurons (Figure 3). Using our established protocol, we found that NP1-siRNA almost completely knockdown NP1 protein le ...
response preparation and inhibition: the role of the
... Oscillatory neural activity in the frequency range of 14 –30 Hz occurring at both pre- and post-central cortical sites (Murthy and Fetz, 1992; Sanes and Donoghue, 1993; MacKay and Mendonca, 1995; Baker et al., 1997, 1999) is known as the beta rhythm. While its functional role remains only partly exp ...
... Oscillatory neural activity in the frequency range of 14 –30 Hz occurring at both pre- and post-central cortical sites (Murthy and Fetz, 1992; Sanes and Donoghue, 1993; MacKay and Mendonca, 1995; Baker et al., 1997, 1999) is known as the beta rhythm. While its functional role remains only partly exp ...
Chapter 13
... 2. Sensory information from receptors travels up the spinal cord to the brain along two main routes on each side of the cord: the spinothalamic tracts and the posterior column tract. 3. Motor information travels from the brain down the spinal cord to effectors (muscles and glands) along two types of ...
... 2. Sensory information from receptors travels up the spinal cord to the brain along two main routes on each side of the cord: the spinothalamic tracts and the posterior column tract. 3. Motor information travels from the brain down the spinal cord to effectors (muscles and glands) along two types of ...
Dopaminergic control of the globus pallidus and its impact
... control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influence on the output structures of the BG circuitry. The action of dopamine is mediated by ...
... control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influence on the output structures of the BG circuitry. The action of dopamine is mediated by ...
the spatial control of ganglionic neurite growth by the substrate
... between the known location of the pathway and the spatial distribution of neurites extended from whole ciliary ganglia or dissociated neurons grown on the patterned substrate. When individual growth cones moving on the pathway contact one of its edges, they turn sharply so as to remain on the pathwa ...
... between the known location of the pathway and the spatial distribution of neurites extended from whole ciliary ganglia or dissociated neurons grown on the patterned substrate. When individual growth cones moving on the pathway contact one of its edges, they turn sharply so as to remain on the pathwa ...
Overview Synaptic plasticity Synaptic strength
... • Maximal conductance g associated with one synaptic vesicle ...
... • Maximal conductance g associated with one synaptic vesicle ...
Reinforcement Learning Using a Continuous Time Actor
... Animals repeat rewarded behaviors, but the physiological basis of reward-based learning has only been partially elucidated. On one hand, experimental evidence shows that the neuromodulator dopamine carries information about rewards and affects synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, the theory of re ...
... Animals repeat rewarded behaviors, but the physiological basis of reward-based learning has only been partially elucidated. On one hand, experimental evidence shows that the neuromodulator dopamine carries information about rewards and affects synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, the theory of re ...
Astrocytes - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... Astrocytes expedite the removal of evoked increases in [KⳭ]o and limit its accumulation to a maximum level of 10 to 12 mM, the ceiling level seen with intense activity such as epileptic discharge (37,38). Neurons, and perhaps blood vessels, also participate in [KⳭ]o regulation, but glial mechanisms ...
... Astrocytes expedite the removal of evoked increases in [KⳭ]o and limit its accumulation to a maximum level of 10 to 12 mM, the ceiling level seen with intense activity such as epileptic discharge (37,38). Neurons, and perhaps blood vessels, also participate in [KⳭ]o regulation, but glial mechanisms ...