Neurally Plausible Model of Robot Reaching Inspired by Infant
... questions and correct my mistakes without judgment. Also, I would like to thank the members of my Ph.D. committee, Dr. Daniela Corbetta, Dr. James Plank and Dr. Lynne Parker, for their valuable and constructive feedback on this dissertation. In particular, I must thank Dr. Parker for allowing me to ...
... questions and correct my mistakes without judgment. Also, I would like to thank the members of my Ph.D. committee, Dr. Daniela Corbetta, Dr. James Plank and Dr. Lynne Parker, for their valuable and constructive feedback on this dissertation. In particular, I must thank Dr. Parker for allowing me to ...
View/Open
... (3) Nerve tissue obeys the "all or none" rule which means that if a stimulation is sufficient to produce any response, that response will be the maximum possible. (4) A repeated sub-minimal stimulus will result in a disturbance of nervous tension and eventually a response will result. ...
... (3) Nerve tissue obeys the "all or none" rule which means that if a stimulation is sufficient to produce any response, that response will be the maximum possible. (4) A repeated sub-minimal stimulus will result in a disturbance of nervous tension and eventually a response will result. ...
LESSON 2.3 WORKBOOK How fast do our neurons signal?
... of an axon covered by a myelin sheath? The answer to this is by behaving like an electrical cable. Since the axon is covered in myelin, there is minimal leakage of depolarizing charge out of the axon so the depolarizing current is able to travel passively between the nodes of Ranvier. When the depol ...
... of an axon covered by a myelin sheath? The answer to this is by behaving like an electrical cable. Since the axon is covered in myelin, there is minimal leakage of depolarizing charge out of the axon so the depolarizing current is able to travel passively between the nodes of Ranvier. When the depol ...
Spinal cord and simple reflex arc
... • If the reflex is absent, and you want to figure out if the sensory component of the reflex is intact, what would you ask the client? • Even though reflexes are automatic, we can suppress them. What part of the NS is needed for this supression? (Clue: The part that handles conscious action.) ...
... • If the reflex is absent, and you want to figure out if the sensory component of the reflex is intact, what would you ask the client? • Even though reflexes are automatic, we can suppress them. What part of the NS is needed for this supression? (Clue: The part that handles conscious action.) ...
Immunohistochemical Study of Spinal Motor Neurons Following
... motor neurons in left side was analyzed. One way ANOVA showed significant difference after two months. LSD post hoc test showed that mean percentage of Bax-positive neurons in axotomized group was significantly higher compared to other surgical groups (p<0.05). The number of apoptotic neurons after ...
... motor neurons in left side was analyzed. One way ANOVA showed significant difference after two months. LSD post hoc test showed that mean percentage of Bax-positive neurons in axotomized group was significantly higher compared to other surgical groups (p<0.05). The number of apoptotic neurons after ...
Effects of galanin on wide-dynamic range neuron activity
... noxious heat and mechanical stimulation in rats with sciatic nerve loose ligation [7]. Our recent study demonstrated that the discharge frequency of the WDR neuron decreased significantly after the administration of galanin in intact rats (unpublished data). The present study demonstrated that the d ...
... noxious heat and mechanical stimulation in rats with sciatic nerve loose ligation [7]. Our recent study demonstrated that the discharge frequency of the WDR neuron decreased significantly after the administration of galanin in intact rats (unpublished data). The present study demonstrated that the d ...
Neurodevelopmental mechanisms of schizophrenia: understanding
... Figure 1. Long-term neurodevelopmental processes disturbed in SZ. The upper part depicts normal corticogenesis: radial migration of neural progenitor cells from the subventricular zone towards the cortical plate to form the well-defined cortical layers and elimination of connections in adolescence. ...
... Figure 1. Long-term neurodevelopmental processes disturbed in SZ. The upper part depicts normal corticogenesis: radial migration of neural progenitor cells from the subventricular zone towards the cortical plate to form the well-defined cortical layers and elimination of connections in adolescence. ...
Document
... TB_02_20 Neurons: The Messengers_Understand_LO 2.2 If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is called a(n) ________. a. resting potential b. action pot ...
... TB_02_20 Neurons: The Messengers_Understand_LO 2.2 If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is called a(n) ________. a. resting potential b. action pot ...
an integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function
... them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional evaluation, etc. The aggregate effect of these bias signals is to guide ...
... them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional evaluation, etc. The aggregate effect of these bias signals is to guide ...
Tuning Curve Shift by Attention Modulation in Cortical Neurons: a
... 4C). When we simulate an attentional signal with inhibitory surround effect, we use r9A = 0.52, A0 = –0.48 and A1 = 1.5. For each of these models, and each parameter set explored, we found the network activity pattern in response to a single stimulus (centered at xS), and the spatial tuning curve of ...
... 4C). When we simulate an attentional signal with inhibitory surround effect, we use r9A = 0.52, A0 = –0.48 and A1 = 1.5. For each of these models, and each parameter set explored, we found the network activity pattern in response to a single stimulus (centered at xS), and the spatial tuning curve of ...
Evidence for implication of primate area V1 in neural 3
... eccentricities larger than 10°, show that horizontal disparity is encoded at least up to 20° around both the horizontal and vertical meridians. At these large retinal eccentricities we found that vertical disparity is also encoded with tuning profiles similar to those of horizontal disparity coding. ...
... eccentricities larger than 10°, show that horizontal disparity is encoded at least up to 20° around both the horizontal and vertical meridians. At these large retinal eccentricities we found that vertical disparity is also encoded with tuning profiles similar to those of horizontal disparity coding. ...
studies on the development and organisation of the nervous system
... The building of a nervous system during development can be divided into three phases: the generation of the correct cells in the correct places, the outgrowth of nerve processes, and the formation of synapses. All of these phases show a high degree of specificity, which means that a large amount of ...
... The building of a nervous system during development can be divided into three phases: the generation of the correct cells in the correct places, the outgrowth of nerve processes, and the formation of synapses. All of these phases show a high degree of specificity, which means that a large amount of ...
Rewardguided learning beyond dopamine in the nucleus
... reward, monkeys were trained to associate a stimulus with the delivery of juice (Waelti et al., 2001) and subsequently respond to the stimulus with a CR – anticipatory licking. The monkey’s licking could be goaldirected, because it believes it is necessary to obtain juice. Alternatively, licking can ...
... reward, monkeys were trained to associate a stimulus with the delivery of juice (Waelti et al., 2001) and subsequently respond to the stimulus with a CR – anticipatory licking. The monkey’s licking could be goaldirected, because it believes it is necessary to obtain juice. Alternatively, licking can ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... activity is too low, distractible and anxious if LC activity is too high, but optimally attentive and aroused with intermediate levels of activity. NE tone is clearly linked to cognition as LC neurons in monkeys fire phasically in response to a salient stimulus that signals a reward such as food, bu ...
... activity is too low, distractible and anxious if LC activity is too high, but optimally attentive and aroused with intermediate levels of activity. NE tone is clearly linked to cognition as LC neurons in monkeys fire phasically in response to a salient stimulus that signals a reward such as food, bu ...
Intelligent agents capable of developing memory of their environment
... acyclic graphs. Graphs have advantages in that they allow implicit re-use of subgraphs. In its original form CGP used a rectangular grid of computational nodes (in which nodes were not allowed to take their inputs from a node in the same column). However, later work relaxed this restriction by alway ...
... acyclic graphs. Graphs have advantages in that they allow implicit re-use of subgraphs. In its original form CGP used a rectangular grid of computational nodes (in which nodes were not allowed to take their inputs from a node in the same column). However, later work relaxed this restriction by alway ...
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... that stress impairs both the acquisition of auditory avoidance conditioned responses and the dendritic structure in two major nuclei of the auditory system. In order to analyze this disagreement, we investigated whether the stress-related freezing to tone occurring in the fear conditioning protocol ...
... that stress impairs both the acquisition of auditory avoidance conditioned responses and the dendritic structure in two major nuclei of the auditory system. In order to analyze this disagreement, we investigated whether the stress-related freezing to tone occurring in the fear conditioning protocol ...
Molecular Analysis of Developmental Plasticity in Neocortex
... IV showed that in slices from visual cortex of young a-CaMKII knockout mice there is a reduced probability of obtaining LTP and a reduction in the magnitude of potentiation (Kirkwood et al., 1997). The LTP deficits are less drastic than in older mutants, since potentiation could be obtained in most ...
... IV showed that in slices from visual cortex of young a-CaMKII knockout mice there is a reduced probability of obtaining LTP and a reduction in the magnitude of potentiation (Kirkwood et al., 1997). The LTP deficits are less drastic than in older mutants, since potentiation could be obtained in most ...
Experience-dependent corticofugal adjustment
... auditory information processing indicate that cortical neurons mediate both a highly focused positive feedback to subcortical neurons ‘‘matched’’ in tuning to a particular acoustic parameter and a widespread lateral inhibition to ‘‘unmatched’’ subcortical neurons. This cortical function for the adju ...
... auditory information processing indicate that cortical neurons mediate both a highly focused positive feedback to subcortical neurons ‘‘matched’’ in tuning to a particular acoustic parameter and a widespread lateral inhibition to ‘‘unmatched’’ subcortical neurons. This cortical function for the adju ...
Emotion, Cognition, and Mental State Representation in Amygdala
... action. Overall, an organism’s mental state incorporates internal variables, such as hunger or fear, as well as the representation of a set of environmental stimuli present at a given moment, and the temporal context of stimuli and events. Any given mental state predisposes an organism to respond in ...
... action. Overall, an organism’s mental state incorporates internal variables, such as hunger or fear, as well as the representation of a set of environmental stimuli present at a given moment, and the temporal context of stimuli and events. Any given mental state predisposes an organism to respond in ...
Identification of key signaling molecules involved - diss.fu
... Petzinger, Charlotte Rostock, Dr. Katrin Schrenk-Siemens, Christina SteinmeyerStannek, Dr. Hong Wang, and Dr. Hagen Wende. Besides, many thinks to my former colleagues in the lab at Max-Delbruck-Center in Berlin: Dr. Christina Hanack, Henning Kuich, Dr. Mirko Moroni, Jana Rossius, and Sonja Winkler. ...
... Petzinger, Charlotte Rostock, Dr. Katrin Schrenk-Siemens, Christina SteinmeyerStannek, Dr. Hong Wang, and Dr. Hagen Wende. Besides, many thinks to my former colleagues in the lab at Max-Delbruck-Center in Berlin: Dr. Christina Hanack, Henning Kuich, Dr. Mirko Moroni, Jana Rossius, and Sonja Winkler. ...
Disease Modeling Using Embryonic Stem Cells
... Mecp22/y ESCs To study the role of MeCP2 during the earliest stages of neuronal maturation, we used E14 TG2a wild-type (Mecp2þ/y) and Mecp2/y ESCs [4]. Since the success of our neuronal differentiation procedure relies on the uniformity and pluripotency of the ESC populations used [12, 13], we firs ...
... Mecp22/y ESCs To study the role of MeCP2 during the earliest stages of neuronal maturation, we used E14 TG2a wild-type (Mecp2þ/y) and Mecp2/y ESCs [4]. Since the success of our neuronal differentiation procedure relies on the uniformity and pluripotency of the ESC populations used [12, 13], we firs ...
The functional role of dorso-lateral premotor cortex
... example, found that bilateral dorsal premotor cortex plays an important role in the attention to the spatial location and orientation of sensory events. The same group (Wolfensteller et al., 2004) recently replicated and extended this finding by demonstrating that dorsal premotor cortex is activated ...
... example, found that bilateral dorsal premotor cortex plays an important role in the attention to the spatial location and orientation of sensory events. The same group (Wolfensteller et al., 2004) recently replicated and extended this finding by demonstrating that dorsal premotor cortex is activated ...
Poly(A) Binding Protein Nuclear 1 regulates the
... Protein Kinase II Alpha (CamkIIα), a highly abundant protein in neurons and key mediator of synaptic plasticity (Miller et al., 2002; Wayman et al., 2008). Using mutant mice in which the Camk2a dendritic localization element was disrupted, Miller and colleagues demonstrated the importance of dendrit ...
... Protein Kinase II Alpha (CamkIIα), a highly abundant protein in neurons and key mediator of synaptic plasticity (Miller et al., 2002; Wayman et al., 2008). Using mutant mice in which the Camk2a dendritic localization element was disrupted, Miller and colleagues demonstrated the importance of dendrit ...
ORGANIZATION OF CORTICAL AFFERENTS TO THE FRONTAL
... pho-functional heterogeneity of this cortical region. Recent results show the diversification in afferent projections into particular FAC parts coming from thalamic and also from extrathalamic structures (26-30, 51, 65, 67, 68). It is particularly well expressed by the distribution of indirect FAC ...
... pho-functional heterogeneity of this cortical region. Recent results show the diversification in afferent projections into particular FAC parts coming from thalamic and also from extrathalamic structures (26-30, 51, 65, 67, 68). It is particularly well expressed by the distribution of indirect FAC ...
Vision in Drosophila - University of Queensland
... measures were often necessarily simple. Much of what is known of developmental pathways was based on disrupting highly regular structures, such as patterns of cells in the eye. Similarly, reliable visual behaviors such as phototaxis and motion responses provided a solid foundation for dissecting vis ...
... measures were often necessarily simple. Much of what is known of developmental pathways was based on disrupting highly regular structures, such as patterns of cells in the eye. Similarly, reliable visual behaviors such as phototaxis and motion responses provided a solid foundation for dissecting vis ...