Serotonin modulates responses to species
... Recordings were made with a single-barreled micropipette glued to the multibarreled array so that the tip of the recording electrode was 10–20 lm from the blunted end of the multibarreled pipette. The recording electrodes had resistances of 8–15 MW. The recording pipette and the central barrel of th ...
... Recordings were made with a single-barreled micropipette glued to the multibarreled array so that the tip of the recording electrode was 10–20 lm from the blunted end of the multibarreled pipette. The recording electrodes had resistances of 8–15 MW. The recording pipette and the central barrel of th ...
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation induces an increase in
... membrane-bound Achase activity in the frontal cortex of REM sleep-deprived rats (12). In the present study there was no difference in Achase activity in the cerebral cortex. Cholinergic cerebral cortex innervation arises in the basal forebrain neurons (11). The frontal cortex receives its cholinergi ...
... membrane-bound Achase activity in the frontal cortex of REM sleep-deprived rats (12). In the present study there was no difference in Achase activity in the cerebral cortex. Cholinergic cerebral cortex innervation arises in the basal forebrain neurons (11). The frontal cortex receives its cholinergi ...
Pharmacodynamic Effects of a D-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitor
... gabapentin (positive control, 100 mg/kg PO), and three doses of SUN (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg PO). Each group had eight animals. Test article administration and behavioral testing were carried out 11 to 14 days after surgery. One experimenter dosed the rats, and a second experimenter, who was blinded to t ...
... gabapentin (positive control, 100 mg/kg PO), and three doses of SUN (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg PO). Each group had eight animals. Test article administration and behavioral testing were carried out 11 to 14 days after surgery. One experimenter dosed the rats, and a second experimenter, who was blinded to t ...
The anatomy, physiology and functions of the
... Although the majority of studies have examined the effect of perirhinal lesions on recognition memory for visual stimuli, the memory impairment is not limited to the visual modality. For example, lesions including the perirhinal cortex impair memory for tactual information in monkeys [25] and for ol ...
... Although the majority of studies have examined the effect of perirhinal lesions on recognition memory for visual stimuli, the memory impairment is not limited to the visual modality. For example, lesions including the perirhinal cortex impair memory for tactual information in monkeys [25] and for ol ...
Neuronal and microglial cathepsins in aging and age
... Besides functions inside the endosomal/lysosomal system, there is evidence that some members of cathepsins are also involved in extracellular proteolysis resulting in pathological conditions. Leakage of cathepsins into the cytoplasm is often achieved by the endocytosis of oxidizable substrates that ...
... Besides functions inside the endosomal/lysosomal system, there is evidence that some members of cathepsins are also involved in extracellular proteolysis resulting in pathological conditions. Leakage of cathepsins into the cytoplasm is often achieved by the endocytosis of oxidizable substrates that ...
spinal cord
... • Dorsal rami supply the posterior body trunk whereas the thicker ventral rami supply the rest of the body trunk and the limbs. ...
... • Dorsal rami supply the posterior body trunk whereas the thicker ventral rami supply the rest of the body trunk and the limbs. ...
What in the brain tells us that this is pain - HAL
... IIc. Opercular-insular stimulation can generate acute pain in humans (Fig. 1B) While reporting the results of fully awake craniotomy, Pereira et al (2005) described that neocortical manipulation of frontal, temporal, parietal or occiptal lobes was unpainful in 38 consecutive patients, whereas 10 out ...
... IIc. Opercular-insular stimulation can generate acute pain in humans (Fig. 1B) While reporting the results of fully awake craniotomy, Pereira et al (2005) described that neocortical manipulation of frontal, temporal, parietal or occiptal lobes was unpainful in 38 consecutive patients, whereas 10 out ...
neural_networks
... Remember that a postsynaptic neuron does not remember what happened on the last cycle (note that we use the phrase ‘computational cycle’ to describe computations by the network model) ...
... Remember that a postsynaptic neuron does not remember what happened on the last cycle (note that we use the phrase ‘computational cycle’ to describe computations by the network model) ...
The power of the mind: the cortex as a critical determinant of muscle
... of corticospinal inhibition is an important neurophysiological factor regulating force generation. A group of healthy individuals underwent 4 wk of wrist-hand immobilization to induce weakness. Another group also underwent 4 wk of immobilization, but they also performed mental imagery of strong musc ...
... of corticospinal inhibition is an important neurophysiological factor regulating force generation. A group of healthy individuals underwent 4 wk of wrist-hand immobilization to induce weakness. Another group also underwent 4 wk of immobilization, but they also performed mental imagery of strong musc ...
Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Neuronal Cell Death in
... only those neurons that exhibited dense eosinophilic staining in both soma and proximal dendrites were counted. Finally, the density of neurons per unit area was transformed to the numerical density per square millimeter of respective brain region. For measurement of HRP-positive neurons, both total ...
... only those neurons that exhibited dense eosinophilic staining in both soma and proximal dendrites were counted. Finally, the density of neurons per unit area was transformed to the numerical density per square millimeter of respective brain region. For measurement of HRP-positive neurons, both total ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... ( p ⬍ 0.05) were used to determine whether counts of cells were different from zero. Significant direction signaling, as a function of time, was determined using a sliding window analysis. For STOP and GO trials independently, activity between the preferred and nonpreferred directions was compared i ...
... ( p ⬍ 0.05) were used to determine whether counts of cells were different from zero. Significant direction signaling, as a function of time, was determined using a sliding window analysis. For STOP and GO trials independently, activity between the preferred and nonpreferred directions was compared i ...
Spatial and temporal frequency selectivity of neurons in
... components (Campbell & Robson, 1968; Glezer et al., 1973; Maffei & Fiorentini, 1973). While at one stage this may have been seen as incompatible with feature-based representations (Hubel & Wiesel, 1962, 1968), physiological and psychophysical studies have since indicated that different Fourier chann ...
... components (Campbell & Robson, 1968; Glezer et al., 1973; Maffei & Fiorentini, 1973). While at one stage this may have been seen as incompatible with feature-based representations (Hubel & Wiesel, 1962, 1968), physiological and psychophysical studies have since indicated that different Fourier chann ...
Linear visuomotor transformations in midbrain superior colliculus
... as to how the brainstem saccade burst generators decode the SC activity. We focus on eyemovement generation by comparing two competing schemes from the recent literature that are both supported by neurophysiological evidence: the vector-averaging scheme versus the vector summation model. Whereas the ...
... as to how the brainstem saccade burst generators decode the SC activity. We focus on eyemovement generation by comparing two competing schemes from the recent literature that are both supported by neurophysiological evidence: the vector-averaging scheme versus the vector summation model. Whereas the ...
Propofol Inhibits Neuronal Firing Activities in the Caudal
... CVLM are mainly GABAergic, in contrast to the glutamatergic neurons in the RVLM.(14) However, in our study, propofol displayed similar actions on neuronal firings in these 2 areas. In other words, propofol not only inhibited neuronal firings in the pressor area, the RVLM, but also inhibited neuronal ...
... CVLM are mainly GABAergic, in contrast to the glutamatergic neurons in the RVLM.(14) However, in our study, propofol displayed similar actions on neuronal firings in these 2 areas. In other words, propofol not only inhibited neuronal firings in the pressor area, the RVLM, but also inhibited neuronal ...
Ascending Sensory Pathways
... vary according to their morphology, the velocity of conduction, and the modality to which they respond, as well as to their location in the body, they generally all function in a similar fashion. The stimulus to which a specific receptor responds causes an alteration in the ionic permeability of the ...
... vary according to their morphology, the velocity of conduction, and the modality to which they respond, as well as to their location in the body, they generally all function in a similar fashion. The stimulus to which a specific receptor responds causes an alteration in the ionic permeability of the ...
Running head: THIS IS A SHORT (50
... by activation of the descending pain inhibitory pathways of the spinal cord, as well as activation of Gate-control mechanisms in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. (Pickar et al 2002, Melzack, R. et al, 1965) However, conflicting evidence regarding the neurophysiologic effects of HVLA and therefore ...
... by activation of the descending pain inhibitory pathways of the spinal cord, as well as activation of Gate-control mechanisms in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. (Pickar et al 2002, Melzack, R. et al, 1965) However, conflicting evidence regarding the neurophysiologic effects of HVLA and therefore ...
PDF
... Twenty-eight type I1 ganglion cells and their central axons were reconstructed from seven gerbils with the aid of a drawing tube attached to a light microscope. We will use the term "identified" for central axons traced from identified spiral ganglion cells and the term "presumed" for central axons ...
... Twenty-eight type I1 ganglion cells and their central axons were reconstructed from seven gerbils with the aid of a drawing tube attached to a light microscope. We will use the term "identified" for central axons traced from identified spiral ganglion cells and the term "presumed" for central axons ...
Large brains and cognition: Where do elephants fit in?
... Among terrestrial mammals, elephants share the unique status, along with humans and great apes, of having large brains, being longlived and having offspring that require long periods of dependency. Elephants have the largest brains of all terrestrial mammals, including the greatest volume of cerebra ...
... Among terrestrial mammals, elephants share the unique status, along with humans and great apes, of having large brains, being longlived and having offspring that require long periods of dependency. Elephants have the largest brains of all terrestrial mammals, including the greatest volume of cerebra ...
Summary of Results and Discussion
... Long projecting cortical neurons are among the first to mature. Thus, the corpus callosum, formed by their axons, is the fist site where MAG expression can be detected, around postnatal day 5 (P5) in mouse (Fig. 1.1). After this stage, transcription of MAG (indicative of myelin synthesis) increases ...
... Long projecting cortical neurons are among the first to mature. Thus, the corpus callosum, formed by their axons, is the fist site where MAG expression can be detected, around postnatal day 5 (P5) in mouse (Fig. 1.1). After this stage, transcription of MAG (indicative of myelin synthesis) increases ...
Electronic Realization of Human Brain`s Neo
... to get close to VLSI mimicry of the brain power efficiency. The brain consisting of 1010 neurons with 1014 neural connections is a very power efficient system that is still the most complex system to date [16]. Comparison of hardware/software implementation and software simulations shows how faraway ...
... to get close to VLSI mimicry of the brain power efficiency. The brain consisting of 1010 neurons with 1014 neural connections is a very power efficient system that is still the most complex system to date [16]. Comparison of hardware/software implementation and software simulations shows how faraway ...
Proprioception: - e
... from the peripheral sense of force, is thought to be central [8]. Following the early observations of Sherrington, muscle spindles have been shown to provide essential feedback to the central nervous system, mediating the conscious perception of movement and limb position as the principal propriocep ...
... from the peripheral sense of force, is thought to be central [8]. Following the early observations of Sherrington, muscle spindles have been shown to provide essential feedback to the central nervous system, mediating the conscious perception of movement and limb position as the principal propriocep ...
Comparing the Functional Representations of Central and Border
... poststimulus onset was divided by 500 msec of prestimulus IS activity occurring immediately before stimulus onset. After the ratio values were processed with a Gaussian filter (half-width of 5), the areal extent of the f unctional representation was quantified by thresholding at three levels above p ...
... poststimulus onset was divided by 500 msec of prestimulus IS activity occurring immediately before stimulus onset. After the ratio values were processed with a Gaussian filter (half-width of 5), the areal extent of the f unctional representation was quantified by thresholding at three levels above p ...