ficient mice: Distinct effects in Finnish variant late infantile NCL
... pathological staging of this fatal pediatric disorder, we have undertaken a stereological analysis of the CNS of Cln5 deficient mice (Cln5−/−) at different stages of disease progression. Consistent with human vLINCLFin, these Cln5−/− mice displayed a relatively late onset regional atrophy and general ...
... pathological staging of this fatal pediatric disorder, we have undertaken a stereological analysis of the CNS of Cln5 deficient mice (Cln5−/−) at different stages of disease progression. Consistent with human vLINCLFin, these Cln5−/− mice displayed a relatively late onset regional atrophy and general ...
Rewardcircuit - URMC - University of Rochester
... This circuit is an integral part of the cortico-basal ganglia system. In addition, other structures including the amygdala, hippocampus, lateral habenular (LHb) nucleus, and specific brainstem structures, such as the pedunculopontine nucleus and the raphe nuclei, are key components that regulate the ...
... This circuit is an integral part of the cortico-basal ganglia system. In addition, other structures including the amygdala, hippocampus, lateral habenular (LHb) nucleus, and specific brainstem structures, such as the pedunculopontine nucleus and the raphe nuclei, are key components that regulate the ...
Vasopressin Receptors of the Vasopressor (V,)
... perifusion solution. In order to block synaptic transmission, the slices were perifused with a modified solution, in which the CaCl, concentration was lowered to 0.2 mM and the MgSO, concentration was raised to 6 mM (Raggenbass et al., 1987a). Extracellular single-unit recordings were obtained from ...
... perifusion solution. In order to block synaptic transmission, the slices were perifused with a modified solution, in which the CaCl, concentration was lowered to 0.2 mM and the MgSO, concentration was raised to 6 mM (Raggenbass et al., 1987a). Extracellular single-unit recordings were obtained from ...
Neural Control of the Pancreas
... and increasing glucagon secretion. The effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on pancreatic exocrine secretions are not as clear. Although the sparse innervation of acinar and ductal by the sympathetic nervous system would suggest that the sympathetic nervous system does not play a major role in t ...
... and increasing glucagon secretion. The effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on pancreatic exocrine secretions are not as clear. Although the sparse innervation of acinar and ductal by the sympathetic nervous system would suggest that the sympathetic nervous system does not play a major role in t ...
Ch. 49
... • The cerebral cortex receives input from sensory organs and somatosensory receptors • Specific types of sensory input enter the primary sensory areas of the brain lobes • Adjacent areas process features in the sensory input and integrate information from different sensory areas • In the somatosenso ...
... • The cerebral cortex receives input from sensory organs and somatosensory receptors • Specific types of sensory input enter the primary sensory areas of the brain lobes • Adjacent areas process features in the sensory input and integrate information from different sensory areas • In the somatosenso ...
mechanisms of visual attention in the human cortex
... firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather ...
... firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather ...
Topical Review
... These statistics have led to a research focus on mechanisms of neural repair as they relate to the patterns of human recovery after stroke. The patterns of recovery in the human brain after stroke have been determined with functional imaging and transcranial magnetic (TMS) and direct current (TDC) s ...
... These statistics have led to a research focus on mechanisms of neural repair as they relate to the patterns of human recovery after stroke. The patterns of recovery in the human brain after stroke have been determined with functional imaging and transcranial magnetic (TMS) and direct current (TDC) s ...
The Neural Basis of Human Error Processing: Reinforcement
... Szigeti, & Goldman-Rakic, 1992) end in “synaptic triads,” in which the axon of each dopamine neuron makes contact with a local synapse. In the basal ganglia, the synapses are composed of the spine of a local spiny cell abutting the axon of a pyramidal cell; in the frontal cortex, they consist of a p ...
... Szigeti, & Goldman-Rakic, 1992) end in “synaptic triads,” in which the axon of each dopamine neuron makes contact with a local synapse. In the basal ganglia, the synapses are composed of the spine of a local spiny cell abutting the axon of a pyramidal cell; in the frontal cortex, they consist of a p ...
Dexamethasone Rapidly Increases GABA Release in the Dorsal
... Funding: This work was supported by NIH grants R01 DK080901 and R01 DK056132. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: bret ...
... Funding: This work was supported by NIH grants R01 DK080901 and R01 DK056132. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: bret ...
Structure-function relationship in hierarchical model of brain networks
... and local neural circuits, and iii) the macroscopic level of large-scale organization of the brain areas linked with nerve fiber projections [21, 95, 100, 111]. While details at the first two levels are still largely missing, extensive information has been collected about the last level in the brain ...
... and local neural circuits, and iii) the macroscopic level of large-scale organization of the brain areas linked with nerve fiber projections [21, 95, 100, 111]. While details at the first two levels are still largely missing, extensive information has been collected about the last level in the brain ...
Carlsson J Neurosci 2007 (pdf 2,2 MB)
... Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany ...
... Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany ...
Structure of Receptive Fields in Area 3b of Primary Somatosensory
... determines the neuronal response to complex spatial patterns scanned across the skin. Several lines of evidence suggest that the neural signals that underlie the perception of tactile form and texture on the glabrous skin of the primate fingerpad are conveyed initially by the population of slowly ad ...
... determines the neuronal response to complex spatial patterns scanned across the skin. Several lines of evidence suggest that the neural signals that underlie the perception of tactile form and texture on the glabrous skin of the primate fingerpad are conveyed initially by the population of slowly ad ...
Synaptic and extrasynaptic traces of long-term memory
... Experimental induction of LTP usually involves dramatic application of surprising input to the cells of interest, such as 100 or more repetitions of intense electrical stimulation. Probably the least extreme of the experiments successfully inducing LTP have been those of Remy and Spruston (2007), wi ...
... Experimental induction of LTP usually involves dramatic application of surprising input to the cells of interest, such as 100 or more repetitions of intense electrical stimulation. Probably the least extreme of the experiments successfully inducing LTP have been those of Remy and Spruston (2007), wi ...
PII: S0006-8993(97) - UCSD Cognitive Science
... wheat germ agglutinin or cholera toxin subunit B revealed aberrant expansions of gracile projections into the cuneate and, in one case, external cuneate nucleus within three months of the deafferentation. It seems plausible that such modest sprouting of ascending projections at the level of the brai ...
... wheat germ agglutinin or cholera toxin subunit B revealed aberrant expansions of gracile projections into the cuneate and, in one case, external cuneate nucleus within three months of the deafferentation. It seems plausible that such modest sprouting of ascending projections at the level of the brai ...
Sprecher_2011_larval.. - Institute of Neuroinformatics
... tools provided by TrakEM2. Reconstructed neurons were rendered in 3D with the software ImageJ 3D Viewer (Schmid et al., 2010). TrakEM2 is part of the FIJI software package, which can be accessed and downloaded here: http://pacific.mpi-cbg.de/wiki/index.php/Fiji. Results The optic neuropil of the earl ...
... tools provided by TrakEM2. Reconstructed neurons were rendered in 3D with the software ImageJ 3D Viewer (Schmid et al., 2010). TrakEM2 is part of the FIJI software package, which can be accessed and downloaded here: http://pacific.mpi-cbg.de/wiki/index.php/Fiji. Results The optic neuropil of the earl ...
Cerebellar control of visceral responses–possible mechanisms
... produces a very stereotyped and poorly differentiated excitation of fastigial neurons and adjacent nervous pathways. Such excitations are, for natural reasons, far from delicate and complex neuronal activity patterns displayed during normal cerebellar operation. In the physiological situations the f ...
... produces a very stereotyped and poorly differentiated excitation of fastigial neurons and adjacent nervous pathways. Such excitations are, for natural reasons, far from delicate and complex neuronal activity patterns displayed during normal cerebellar operation. In the physiological situations the f ...
Functional Specialization Within the Cat Red Nucleus
... rather than to motor neurons, and terminations at one spinal level might influence motor neurons at other levels via propriospinal connections (Alstermark et al. 1990; Robinson et al. 1987). The object of the present study was to test the hypothesis that activation of RNp neurons will produce activi ...
... rather than to motor neurons, and terminations at one spinal level might influence motor neurons at other levels via propriospinal connections (Alstermark et al. 1990; Robinson et al. 1987). The object of the present study was to test the hypothesis that activation of RNp neurons will produce activi ...
Role of the Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia
... Specifically, beta oscillations are produced by an abnormal enhancement of the interactions between the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the external segment of globus pallidus (GPe) in the indirect pathway, with an oscillation frequency that depends on the excitatory cortical input to the STN and the ...
... Specifically, beta oscillations are produced by an abnormal enhancement of the interactions between the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the external segment of globus pallidus (GPe) in the indirect pathway, with an oscillation frequency that depends on the excitatory cortical input to the STN and the ...
Sensory Systems in the Control of Movement
... Figure 1 Ensemble cycle averages of the firing of γs and γd motoneurons (A and B), recorded in the common peroneal nerve innervating the ankle flexor tibialis anterior (TA) during spontaneous locomotion in the high decerebrate cat. (A) Three simultaneously recorded γs motoneurons in two cats (panels ...
... Figure 1 Ensemble cycle averages of the firing of γs and γd motoneurons (A and B), recorded in the common peroneal nerve innervating the ankle flexor tibialis anterior (TA) during spontaneous locomotion in the high decerebrate cat. (A) Three simultaneously recorded γs motoneurons in two cats (panels ...
Short- and Long-Term Changes in Joint Co
... synergy between the two hypothetical mechanisms. Previously observed decreases in electromyogram (EMG) might have other explanations, such as trajectory modifications that reduce joint torques. To circumvent such complications, we required strict trajectory control and examined only successful trial ...
... synergy between the two hypothetical mechanisms. Previously observed decreases in electromyogram (EMG) might have other explanations, such as trajectory modifications that reduce joint torques. To circumvent such complications, we required strict trajectory control and examined only successful trial ...
Brain Research, 178 (1979) 363-380 363 © Elsevier/North
... often crossed the vertical meridian well into the ipsilateral field, and were not visuotopically organized. However, since this region was only a small portion of the inferior temporal convexity, it could have been the central portion of a much larger visuotopically organized area extending anterior ...
... often crossed the vertical meridian well into the ipsilateral field, and were not visuotopically organized. However, since this region was only a small portion of the inferior temporal convexity, it could have been the central portion of a much larger visuotopically organized area extending anterior ...
Molecular Underpinnings of Motor Pattern Generation: Differential
... over 2– 8 hr. The tissue was mounted on a poly-L-lysine-coated coverslip (coverslips were dipped twice in 41.6 ml of H2O plus 25 mg of poly-L-lysine plus 83.3 l photoflo and air dried after each coating), put through an EtOH dehydration series (30%, 5 min; 50%, 5 min; 70%, 5 min; and two times at 9 ...
... over 2– 8 hr. The tissue was mounted on a poly-L-lysine-coated coverslip (coverslips were dipped twice in 41.6 ml of H2O plus 25 mg of poly-L-lysine plus 83.3 l photoflo and air dried after each coating), put through an EtOH dehydration series (30%, 5 min; 50%, 5 min; 70%, 5 min; and two times at 9 ...
Cortical evolution and development: Conserved
... of neurogenesis is reviewed. Developmentally late-generated structures become disproportionately large as the brain enlarges, and the cortex is the most extreme example of this principle. The origin of each brain subdivision with respect to the anterior-toposterior, medial-to-lateral axes of the for ...
... of neurogenesis is reviewed. Developmentally late-generated structures become disproportionately large as the brain enlarges, and the cortex is the most extreme example of this principle. The origin of each brain subdivision with respect to the anterior-toposterior, medial-to-lateral axes of the for ...
World of Children 1st ed
... This multimedia product and its content are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: ...
... This multimedia product and its content are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... hippocampus, piriform cortex, neocortex and thalamus (Krnjevic and Phillis, 1963; Krjnevic et al., 1971; see review in Hasselmo, 1995). Here the review will focus on data regarding cholinergic modulation in the hippocampus and piriform cortex, but data from the neocortex suggests similar principles ...
... hippocampus, piriform cortex, neocortex and thalamus (Krnjevic and Phillis, 1963; Krjnevic et al., 1971; see review in Hasselmo, 1995). Here the review will focus on data regarding cholinergic modulation in the hippocampus and piriform cortex, but data from the neocortex suggests similar principles ...