Short- and Long-Term Changes in Joint Co
... synergy between the two hypothetical mechanisms. Previously observed decreases in electromyogram (EMG) might have other explanations, such as trajectory modifications that reduce joint torques. To circumvent such complications, we required strict trajectory control and examined only successful trial ...
... synergy between the two hypothetical mechanisms. Previously observed decreases in electromyogram (EMG) might have other explanations, such as trajectory modifications that reduce joint torques. To circumvent such complications, we required strict trajectory control and examined only successful trial ...
What is the function of the claustrum? - Christof Koch
... So what and where is the claustrum? The word claustrum means ‘hidden away’, and indeed, the claustrum is a thin, irregular sheet of grey matter, one sheet on each side of the head, concealed between the inner surface of the neocortex. It lies below the general region of the insula, and above the out ...
... So what and where is the claustrum? The word claustrum means ‘hidden away’, and indeed, the claustrum is a thin, irregular sheet of grey matter, one sheet on each side of the head, concealed between the inner surface of the neocortex. It lies below the general region of the insula, and above the out ...
Short English summery Thesis OuTline
... lesions. It has been suggested that in MS lesions foamy macrophages have a AA phenotype, since they expressed little pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS. In vitro, myelin ingestion was found to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) response. We hypothesized that activation of liver X receptor (LXR) b ...
... lesions. It has been suggested that in MS lesions foamy macrophages have a AA phenotype, since they expressed little pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS. In vitro, myelin ingestion was found to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) response. We hypothesized that activation of liver X receptor (LXR) b ...
Temporal Patterning of Neural Progenitors in Drosophila
... acts in GMCs or young neurons to control the temporal identity of mushroom body neurons (Zhu et al., 2006). Although Chinmo mRNA is equally expressed throughout the entire NB lineage, Chinmo protein shows a temporal gradient in the neuronal progeny. It is absent in NBs and is expressed at its highes ...
... acts in GMCs or young neurons to control the temporal identity of mushroom body neurons (Zhu et al., 2006). Although Chinmo mRNA is equally expressed throughout the entire NB lineage, Chinmo protein shows a temporal gradient in the neuronal progeny. It is absent in NBs and is expressed at its highes ...
100 The Molecular and Structural Basis of Amblyopia
... modulators and (2) determine whether both processes depend on the same mediators. The distinction between modulators and mediators is important. Modulators are factors that may alter the induction requirements under specific experimental conditions. Mediators are the molecular events that directly c ...
... modulators and (2) determine whether both processes depend on the same mediators. The distinction between modulators and mediators is important. Modulators are factors that may alter the induction requirements under specific experimental conditions. Mediators are the molecular events that directly c ...
Zoology 242 Anatomy of Nervous systems Lecture 8
... Autonomic Nervous System • 3 major divisions described by John Langley (18521925). – Enteric – Parasympathetic – Sympathetic ...
... Autonomic Nervous System • 3 major divisions described by John Langley (18521925). – Enteric – Parasympathetic – Sympathetic ...
Kobayashi S, Kawagoe R, Takikawa Y, Koizumi M, Sakagami M
... memory task requires a subject to memorize a location in order to make a correct response. Various lines of research using trained monkeys showed that the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) plays a crucially important role in spatial processing under task demand (Jacobsen ...
... memory task requires a subject to memorize a location in order to make a correct response. Various lines of research using trained monkeys showed that the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) plays a crucially important role in spatial processing under task demand (Jacobsen ...
Position Selectivity in Scene- and Object-Responsive
... 2007. First published July 25, 2007; doi:10.1152/jn.00438.2007. Complex visual scenes preferentially activate several areas of the human brain, including the parahippocampal place area (PPA), the retrosplenial complex (RSC), and the transverse occipital sulcus (TOS). The sensitivity of neurons in th ...
... 2007. First published July 25, 2007; doi:10.1152/jn.00438.2007. Complex visual scenes preferentially activate several areas of the human brain, including the parahippocampal place area (PPA), the retrosplenial complex (RSC), and the transverse occipital sulcus (TOS). The sensitivity of neurons in th ...
MAY 5, 2000 Submitted to the Annual Review of Neuroscience AN
... signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes, but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional evaluation, etc.. The aggregate effect of these bias signals is to guide the flow of neural act ...
... signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes, but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional evaluation, etc.. The aggregate effect of these bias signals is to guide the flow of neural act ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... this inhibition are still largely unknown. Notably, whether such an inhibition of nociception occurs at the cortical level has not been investigated at all. Many previous studies have considered the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as an important site for this phenomenon where large myelinated fiber i ...
... this inhibition are still largely unknown. Notably, whether such an inhibition of nociception occurs at the cortical level has not been investigated at all. Many previous studies have considered the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as an important site for this phenomenon where large myelinated fiber i ...
Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy With Spontaneous
... Data are the means ⫾ SE of 9-month diabetic, recovered, and nondiabetic mice (n ⫽ 4 or 5 per group). Comparisons were made between groups using a one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc t test. *P ⬍ 0.05. cacodylate, dehydrated using a series of graded alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in ep ...
... Data are the means ⫾ SE of 9-month diabetic, recovered, and nondiabetic mice (n ⫽ 4 or 5 per group). Comparisons were made between groups using a one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc t test. *P ⬍ 0.05. cacodylate, dehydrated using a series of graded alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in ep ...
Representation of the Visual Field in the Human Occipital Cortex
... mal portions of the occipital cortex were traced out using a pointing device independently by us, and the corresponding surface areas were calculated by the planimetric program available in the software. If there was a discrepancy in measurements between us, the mean surface area was used (in all st ...
... mal portions of the occipital cortex were traced out using a pointing device independently by us, and the corresponding surface areas were calculated by the planimetric program available in the software. If there was a discrepancy in measurements between us, the mean surface area was used (in all st ...
Modulation of premotor circuits controlling locomotor activity by
... effortless to the point that many movements are almost executed unconsciously. Indeed, the generation of sophisticated motor behaviors relies on the complex interplay between supraspinal brain structures and circuits in the spinal cord. Understanding how the central nervous system generates a large ...
... effortless to the point that many movements are almost executed unconsciously. Indeed, the generation of sophisticated motor behaviors relies on the complex interplay between supraspinal brain structures and circuits in the spinal cord. Understanding how the central nervous system generates a large ...
Neurosurgery: Functional Regeneration after Laser Axotomy
... Supplementary Figure 1: Experimental set-up for femtosecond laser axotomy. A tunable TiSapphire mode-locked laser (Coherent, “Mira 900”) produces 200 fs short pulses with a repetition rate of 76 MHz and 5 nJ energy. For axotomy, a regenerative amplifier (Positive Light, “Spitfire”) seeded by the Ti ...
... Supplementary Figure 1: Experimental set-up for femtosecond laser axotomy. A tunable TiSapphire mode-locked laser (Coherent, “Mira 900”) produces 200 fs short pulses with a repetition rate of 76 MHz and 5 nJ energy. For axotomy, a regenerative amplifier (Positive Light, “Spitfire”) seeded by the Ti ...
Tese final so frentes - Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
... French neurobiologist and physician Jean-Martin Charcot (Figure 1), showed that it could be possible to correlate anatomical lesions in the nervous system by the presence of clinical signs (Goetz et al., 1995; Goetz, 2000 and Rowland, 2001). In this context, his first major contribution was in 1865 ...
... French neurobiologist and physician Jean-Martin Charcot (Figure 1), showed that it could be possible to correlate anatomical lesions in the nervous system by the presence of clinical signs (Goetz et al., 1995; Goetz, 2000 and Rowland, 2001). In this context, his first major contribution was in 1865 ...
Models and Measurements of Functional Maps in V1
... on which cortical orientation domains were activated (summarized in Fig. 2). Because the shifts in cortical activity happened even when the spatial statistics of the image did not change, the findings were unequivocal in demonstrating that the spatial properties of stimuli alone do not determine how ...
... on which cortical orientation domains were activated (summarized in Fig. 2). Because the shifts in cortical activity happened even when the spatial statistics of the image did not change, the findings were unequivocal in demonstrating that the spatial properties of stimuli alone do not determine how ...
Full Text - Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard
... corticotectal projection neurons. The general approach used and the analysis of data to identify genes involved in the development of the corticospinal motor neuron and related corticofugal populations were previously described (Arlotta et al., 2005). Here, we report on the identification and furthe ...
... corticotectal projection neurons. The general approach used and the analysis of data to identify genes involved in the development of the corticospinal motor neuron and related corticofugal populations were previously described (Arlotta et al., 2005). Here, we report on the identification and furthe ...
MSc Thesis Template Document
... brain’s activity is not yet fully defined and remains a huge research area. This project attempts to approach and understand the diversifications of brain’s responses while interfering with different situations. The aim is to observe and notice brain’s reactions to an external stimulus. Neural activ ...
... brain’s activity is not yet fully defined and remains a huge research area. This project attempts to approach and understand the diversifications of brain’s responses while interfering with different situations. The aim is to observe and notice brain’s reactions to an external stimulus. Neural activ ...
Specialized prefrontal "auditory fields": organization of primate
... areas. Electrical stimulation of the ACC can evoke species-specific vocalizations in monkeys, a pathway thought to mediate emotional communication [(Muller-Preuss et al., 1980; Muller-Preuss and Ploog, 1981); reviewed in (Vogt and Barbas, 1988)]. Activity in the ACC has also been correlated with aud ...
... areas. Electrical stimulation of the ACC can evoke species-specific vocalizations in monkeys, a pathway thought to mediate emotional communication [(Muller-Preuss et al., 1980; Muller-Preuss and Ploog, 1981); reviewed in (Vogt and Barbas, 1988)]. Activity in the ACC has also been correlated with aud ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... with modular computations. Anatomical evidence suggests the existence of canonical microcircuits that are replicated across brain areas, for example, across regions of the cerebral cortex 1,2. Physiological and behavioural evidence suggests that canonical neural computations exist — standard computa ...
... with modular computations. Anatomical evidence suggests the existence of canonical microcircuits that are replicated across brain areas, for example, across regions of the cerebral cortex 1,2. Physiological and behavioural evidence suggests that canonical neural computations exist — standard computa ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... These weights define a suppressive field. The suppressive field may differ across neurons (hence the subscript j). For example, neurons in primary visual cortex whose summation fields are centred on different spatial locations would have suppressive fields that are centred at corresponding locations ...
... These weights define a suppressive field. The suppressive field may differ across neurons (hence the subscript j). For example, neurons in primary visual cortex whose summation fields are centred on different spatial locations would have suppressive fields that are centred at corresponding locations ...
Neurons, Brain Chemistry, and Neurotransmission
... The billions of neurons that make up the brain coordinate thought, behavior, homeostasis, and more. How do all these neurons pass and receive information? Neurons convey information by transmitting messages to other neurons or other types of cells, such as muscles. The following discussion focuses o ...
... The billions of neurons that make up the brain coordinate thought, behavior, homeostasis, and more. How do all these neurons pass and receive information? Neurons convey information by transmitting messages to other neurons or other types of cells, such as muscles. The following discussion focuses o ...
Integrative actions of the reticular formation The reticular activating
... did not alter the effect of medial-lateral bulbar R.F. stimulation on the EEG. The fact that single shocks to the bulbar R.F. did not result in evoked potentials at higher levels along the activating system suggested to Magoun and Maruzzi that the R.A.S. must be composed of a se};:Jes of reticular n ...
... did not alter the effect of medial-lateral bulbar R.F. stimulation on the EEG. The fact that single shocks to the bulbar R.F. did not result in evoked potentials at higher levels along the activating system suggested to Magoun and Maruzzi that the R.A.S. must be composed of a se};:Jes of reticular n ...
Different neurotrophins are expressed and act in a developmental
... these experiments is not conducive for the growth of fibroblasts, the cultures remain virtually free of non-neuronal cells. Thus, neuronal survival in this culture system is unlikely to be influenced by neurotrophins produced by non-neuronal cells. In E10 cultures supplemented with either BDNF or NT ...
... these experiments is not conducive for the growth of fibroblasts, the cultures remain virtually free of non-neuronal cells. Thus, neuronal survival in this culture system is unlikely to be influenced by neurotrophins produced by non-neuronal cells. In E10 cultures supplemented with either BDNF or NT ...
PDF Format
... following the long-lasting and rhythmic hyperpolarizing periods (Contreras and Steriade 1995 ) , and may thus play a role in the initiation of rhythmic depolarizing epochs in cortical neurons. At variance with the slow oscillation, sleep spindles (714 Hz) are generated in the thalamus after decortic ...
... following the long-lasting and rhythmic hyperpolarizing periods (Contreras and Steriade 1995 ) , and may thus play a role in the initiation of rhythmic depolarizing epochs in cortical neurons. At variance with the slow oscillation, sleep spindles (714 Hz) are generated in the thalamus after decortic ...