Functional Independence of Layer IV Barrels in
... in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. ...
... in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. ...
PLoS Biol. 2016 Oct 10.
... Because songbirds use auditory feedback to learn their songs, it is crucial to understand in which cell populations this feedback is processed and conveyed to motor areas such as HVC. In HVC projection neurons, there are no traces of auditory feedback responses during singing, not even subthreshold ...
... Because songbirds use auditory feedback to learn their songs, it is crucial to understand in which cell populations this feedback is processed and conveyed to motor areas such as HVC. In HVC projection neurons, there are no traces of auditory feedback responses during singing, not even subthreshold ...
Impact of correlated inputs to neurons
... At the single neuron level, the existence of “activity bumps” (that is, large fluctuations) in the membrane potential trace indicates the arrival of coordinated inputs within a narrow time window (Okun and Lampl 2008; DeWeese and Zador 2006). In dual in vivo intracellular recordings in rodent barrel ...
... At the single neuron level, the existence of “activity bumps” (that is, large fluctuations) in the membrane potential trace indicates the arrival of coordinated inputs within a narrow time window (Okun and Lampl 2008; DeWeese and Zador 2006). In dual in vivo intracellular recordings in rodent barrel ...
Memory, Learning, and Synaptic Plasticity
... man. In 1953, he underwent a bilateral surgical removal of the medial temporal lobes for the treatment of his seizure. While his seizures improved significantly, he emerged from the surgery with irreparable damage: he appeared to have lost his ability to form new memories. He did not recognize docto ...
... man. In 1953, he underwent a bilateral surgical removal of the medial temporal lobes for the treatment of his seizure. While his seizures improved significantly, he emerged from the surgery with irreparable damage: he appeared to have lost his ability to form new memories. He did not recognize docto ...
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... step to influence the coordinated AWCON/AWCOFF decision, whereas the downstream kinases act to execute the decision once it has been made. Given that calcium-activated signaling pathways are very sensitive to the temporal pattern of calcium signals, transient differences in calcium influx between tw ...
... step to influence the coordinated AWCON/AWCOFF decision, whereas the downstream kinases act to execute the decision once it has been made. Given that calcium-activated signaling pathways are very sensitive to the temporal pattern of calcium signals, transient differences in calcium influx between tw ...
Magel2 Is Required for Leptin-Mediated Depolarization of POMC
... PWS, but no one knows which gene is important for normal body weight. One of the inactivated genes is called MAGEL2. We previously found that mice missing the equivalent mouse gene, named Magel2, have more fat and are overweight compared to mice with an intact Magel2 gene. In other forms of genetic ...
... PWS, but no one knows which gene is important for normal body weight. One of the inactivated genes is called MAGEL2. We previously found that mice missing the equivalent mouse gene, named Magel2, have more fat and are overweight compared to mice with an intact Magel2 gene. In other forms of genetic ...
Optogenetic drive of neocortical pyramidal neurons generates fMRI
... signal is higher for 40 relative to 8 Hz. Quantifying this result (Fig. 2B), firing rate (MUA) was elevated (n=2 animals) for 40 Hz compared to 8 Hz (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P=5.78e-12), the LFP power ratio (n=3) decreased with increased stimulation frequency (P=0.0134) and the dcLFP (n=3) average v ...
... signal is higher for 40 relative to 8 Hz. Quantifying this result (Fig. 2B), firing rate (MUA) was elevated (n=2 animals) for 40 Hz compared to 8 Hz (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P=5.78e-12), the LFP power ratio (n=3) decreased with increased stimulation frequency (P=0.0134) and the dcLFP (n=3) average v ...
a review with emphasis on the projections of specific thalamic nuclei
... strvctures might be comprised even with less extensive lesions of the cortex. Walker’“” noted that, even when the lesions are clearly restricted to the cerebral cortex, the interpretation of retrograde studies using large cortical lesions is complicated by the fact that the resultant thalarnic degen ...
... strvctures might be comprised even with less extensive lesions of the cortex. Walker’“” noted that, even when the lesions are clearly restricted to the cerebral cortex, the interpretation of retrograde studies using large cortical lesions is complicated by the fact that the resultant thalarnic degen ...
the properties and neural substrate of eye movements
... OF EYE MOVEMENTS What visual needs must eye movements satisfy? To answer this question, we must first identify the prerequisites for a clear and stable view of the environment. Simply stated, clear vision of an object requires that its image be held fairly steadily on the central, foveal region of t ...
... OF EYE MOVEMENTS What visual needs must eye movements satisfy? To answer this question, we must first identify the prerequisites for a clear and stable view of the environment. Simply stated, clear vision of an object requires that its image be held fairly steadily on the central, foveal region of t ...
Nicotinic Receptors in Addiction Pathways
... mediating the reinforcing effects of nicotine. Intravenous nicotine self-administration is abolished by transgenic elimination of a4, a6, or b2 subunits and is restored by reexpression of these subunits in the VTA (Pons et al., 2008). In contrast, Exley et al. (2011) have shown that the a4 subunit, ...
... mediating the reinforcing effects of nicotine. Intravenous nicotine self-administration is abolished by transgenic elimination of a4, a6, or b2 subunits and is restored by reexpression of these subunits in the VTA (Pons et al., 2008). In contrast, Exley et al. (2011) have shown that the a4 subunit, ...
Glutamate Receptors Form Hot Spots on Apical Dendrites of
... (Kunz et al. 1972). Up to four restricted areas of high sensitivity (hot spots) were found at dendritic regions 80 – 600 m from the soma (Figs. 2, A and B, 3, and 5B). An electrophysiological hot spot was defined as having a response to glutamate, under conditions where voltage-dependent Na⫹ and Ca ...
... (Kunz et al. 1972). Up to four restricted areas of high sensitivity (hot spots) were found at dendritic regions 80 – 600 m from the soma (Figs. 2, A and B, 3, and 5B). An electrophysiological hot spot was defined as having a response to glutamate, under conditions where voltage-dependent Na⫹ and Ca ...
Lab 5: Nervous System I
... – Astrocytes anchor the neurons to nearby capillaries – Ependymal cells are ciliated cells that move cerebrospinal fluid around the brain and spinal cord – Microglia are phagocytic cells for the nervous system. They destroy bacteria and damaged tissues near the ...
... – Astrocytes anchor the neurons to nearby capillaries – Ependymal cells are ciliated cells that move cerebrospinal fluid around the brain and spinal cord – Microglia are phagocytic cells for the nervous system. They destroy bacteria and damaged tissues near the ...
Patterns of GABAergic Immunoreactivity Define Subdivisions of the
... division having the largest number/unit area, the medial division about 75% of this value, and the dorsal division only about 50%; and 4) the form of the puncta was unique to each division, those in the ventral division being medium-sized and comparatively simple, those in the medial division predom ...
... division having the largest number/unit area, the medial division about 75% of this value, and the dorsal division only about 50%; and 4) the form of the puncta was unique to each division, those in the ventral division being medium-sized and comparatively simple, those in the medial division predom ...
Massively Parallel Recording of Unit and Local Field
... from large numbers of sites with minimal damage to the nervous tissue. MEMS devices can combine silicon integrated-circuit processing with thin-film microelectrode sensing (see APPENDIX) (Gingerich et al. 2001; Najafi and Wise 1986; Wise and Najafi 1991). In the present experiments, three different ...
... from large numbers of sites with minimal damage to the nervous tissue. MEMS devices can combine silicon integrated-circuit processing with thin-film microelectrode sensing (see APPENDIX) (Gingerich et al. 2001; Najafi and Wise 1986; Wise and Najafi 1991). In the present experiments, three different ...
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 4
... Although there is currently no cure for SMA, this does not mean that nothing can be done. Symptoms can be managed so that individuals with SMA Type 4 can achieve their maximum mobility, independence and quality of life. In terms of genetic treatment (a therapy that targets the gene mutation causing ...
... Although there is currently no cure for SMA, this does not mean that nothing can be done. Symptoms can be managed so that individuals with SMA Type 4 can achieve their maximum mobility, independence and quality of life. In terms of genetic treatment (a therapy that targets the gene mutation causing ...
Cilia development, morphogenesis, and
... "'G?#(*8J iltrastructure of C. elegans cilia. 2a. Cilia in the amphid sensillum exhibit a variety of morphologies. The rod-like channel cilia are found in XS`, XSG, XSH, XSI, XSh, XSK, XDF, and XDL neurons. XDF and XDL possess two cilia each, while the other cells possess a single cilium. These cili ...
... "'G?#(*8J iltrastructure of C. elegans cilia. 2a. Cilia in the amphid sensillum exhibit a variety of morphologies. The rod-like channel cilia are found in XS`, XSG, XSH, XSI, XSh, XSK, XDF, and XDL neurons. XDF and XDL possess two cilia each, while the other cells possess a single cilium. These cili ...
electrophysiological and synaptic properties of rat superior and
... Cardiovascular disease accounts for 1 out of 3 deaths in the United States each year, at a rate of 1 individual lost every 39 seconds (Roger et al., 2012a). Hypertension (HT), defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, affects one-third of the adult populati ...
... Cardiovascular disease accounts for 1 out of 3 deaths in the United States each year, at a rate of 1 individual lost every 39 seconds (Roger et al., 2012a). Hypertension (HT), defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, affects one-third of the adult populati ...
View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... 1.1 Communication and its sensory aspects Communication is a very much fascinating thing. Its study has helped in the general understanding of motor and sensory systems, evolution, and speciation. A major appeal of studying communication is that a researcher can quantify how biologically important i ...
... 1.1 Communication and its sensory aspects Communication is a very much fascinating thing. Its study has helped in the general understanding of motor and sensory systems, evolution, and speciation. A major appeal of studying communication is that a researcher can quantify how biologically important i ...
Binding and Cytotoxic Effects of Clostdium botulinum Type A, C1
... Many of the neuronal somas in the aggregates fluoresced when treated with anti-yy-enolase IgG. However, some of the cells in the aggregates reacted with anti-glial fibrillary protein IgG and anti-S-100 (PP) IgG, indicating that the aggregates contained glial cells as well as neurons. Anti-68K-neurof ...
... Many of the neuronal somas in the aggregates fluoresced when treated with anti-yy-enolase IgG. However, some of the cells in the aggregates reacted with anti-glial fibrillary protein IgG and anti-S-100 (PP) IgG, indicating that the aggregates contained glial cells as well as neurons. Anti-68K-neurof ...
Spinal cord and reflexes
... Stimulating inhibitory neurons Creating IPSPs at reflex motor neurons Suppressing postsynaptic neurons ...
... Stimulating inhibitory neurons Creating IPSPs at reflex motor neurons Suppressing postsynaptic neurons ...
Spinal cord and reflexes
... Stimulating inhibitory neurons Creating IPSPs at reflex motor neurons Suppressing postsynaptic neurons ...
... Stimulating inhibitory neurons Creating IPSPs at reflex motor neurons Suppressing postsynaptic neurons ...
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System Is Involved in Rapid Nerve
... (BDNF), can rapidly induce large-scale plasticity in the adult somatosensory cortex (Prakash et al. 1996a,b). For example, within minutes after topical application to the cortex, NGF caused a transient, large-scale expansion in the area of a whisker functional representation (WFR) coupled with an in ...
... (BDNF), can rapidly induce large-scale plasticity in the adult somatosensory cortex (Prakash et al. 1996a,b). For example, within minutes after topical application to the cortex, NGF caused a transient, large-scale expansion in the area of a whisker functional representation (WFR) coupled with an in ...
Molecules and mechanisms of dendrite development in Drosophila
... regulation and has been the subject of intensive study in recent years. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the molecules and mechanisms that function during these key stages of dendrite morphogenesis. We focus primarily on studies carried out in Drosophila (Fig. 1) and ref ...
... regulation and has been the subject of intensive study in recent years. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the molecules and mechanisms that function during these key stages of dendrite morphogenesis. We focus primarily on studies carried out in Drosophila (Fig. 1) and ref ...
Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
The Origins of Two-State Spontaneous Membrane Potential
... membrane potential from cell to cell was an artifact of microelectrode tip potentials. Many of the recordings were maintained over a period of hours, during which time the cell was subjected to a variety of tests and current injections, including the large (l-2 nA) current injections made to inject ...
... membrane potential from cell to cell was an artifact of microelectrode tip potentials. Many of the recordings were maintained over a period of hours, during which time the cell was subjected to a variety of tests and current injections, including the large (l-2 nA) current injections made to inject ...