NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS IN THE VISUAL CORTEX OF
... They found that intracortical chronic infusion of L-Glu during the period of monocular vision in young kittens largely prevents the O.D. shift which normally takes place under these conditions. Glutamate probably disrupts normal cortical activity, either by direct excitatory action on cortical neuro ...
... They found that intracortical chronic infusion of L-Glu during the period of monocular vision in young kittens largely prevents the O.D. shift which normally takes place under these conditions. Glutamate probably disrupts normal cortical activity, either by direct excitatory action on cortical neuro ...
Capturing Brain Dynamics: a combined neuroscience and
... Neural synchronization ‣ A red Ferrari sports car drives by you’re perceiving: ...
... Neural synchronization ‣ A red Ferrari sports car drives by you’re perceiving: ...
Motion sensitive cells in the macaque superior
... sensitive to motion but unselective for the form of the moving stimulus. Cells were selected for further testing on the basis of whether ot not they responded to leftward or rightward movement at the projecting distance of 4 m from the monkey. Furtlaer testing comprised of recording cell responses t ...
... sensitive to motion but unselective for the form of the moving stimulus. Cells were selected for further testing on the basis of whether ot not they responded to leftward or rightward movement at the projecting distance of 4 m from the monkey. Furtlaer testing comprised of recording cell responses t ...
6-1 Nervous System
... associations areas in the parietal lobe, the basal ganglia, and the thalamus concerned with learned motor activities of complex and sequential nature such as writing or playing the piano ...
... associations areas in the parietal lobe, the basal ganglia, and the thalamus concerned with learned motor activities of complex and sequential nature such as writing or playing the piano ...
PDF
... shown in the lower panel. In the spinal cord (SC), one branch of the afferents enters the ascending dorsal column pathway to terminate in the ipsilateral cuneate nucleus (violet line). The other branch terminates in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Second-order neurons activated in the dorsal hor ...
... shown in the lower panel. In the spinal cord (SC), one branch of the afferents enters the ascending dorsal column pathway to terminate in the ipsilateral cuneate nucleus (violet line). The other branch terminates in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Second-order neurons activated in the dorsal hor ...
IV. Model Application: the UAV Autonomous Learning in Unknown
... (GPe), two output nuclei (the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and the internal globus pallidus (GPi) [4, 8-11]. Other nuclei, namely the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA), are also seen as part of the basal ganglia. The SNc and VTA release important mod ...
... (GPe), two output nuclei (the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and the internal globus pallidus (GPi) [4, 8-11]. Other nuclei, namely the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA), are also seen as part of the basal ganglia. The SNc and VTA release important mod ...
Functional anatomy of neural circuits regulating fear and extinction
... are widely used as markers of neuronal activation in behavioral studies including studies on fear (16). However, they only allow one to study a cohort of active cells for a few hours after neuronal activation. Thus, several groups have developed reporter mice based on c-fos promoter sequences drivin ...
... are widely used as markers of neuronal activation in behavioral studies including studies on fear (16). However, they only allow one to study a cohort of active cells for a few hours after neuronal activation. Thus, several groups have developed reporter mice based on c-fos promoter sequences drivin ...
Anticipated synchronization in neuronal circuits
... synchronization of the driven circuit with chaotic future states of the driving circuit is insensitive to signal and system perturbations. [13, 14]. Moreover, a transition from AS to DS through zero-lag synchronization with excitatory and inhibitory couplings, as a function of the coupling delay, wa ...
... synchronization of the driven circuit with chaotic future states of the driving circuit is insensitive to signal and system perturbations. [13, 14]. Moreover, a transition from AS to DS through zero-lag synchronization with excitatory and inhibitory couplings, as a function of the coupling delay, wa ...
Three-dimensional auditory localization in the
... large MSO [36]. It is noteworthy that the morphology and innervation of the MSO varies across bat species, with the mustached bat showing only monaural innervation [37], and the MSO appears to be entirely absent in the rufous horseshoe bat [38]. Research from these two species suggests that the MSO ...
... large MSO [36]. It is noteworthy that the morphology and innervation of the MSO varies across bat species, with the mustached bat showing only monaural innervation [37], and the MSO appears to be entirely absent in the rufous horseshoe bat [38]. Research from these two species suggests that the MSO ...
Is Cell Death Primary or Secondary in the Pathophysiology of
... were found in the synaptosome-fraction that contained detached presynaptic terminals (a portion was released from synaptosomes during preparation). To confirm the presynaptic localization, the synaptosomes were disrupted by hypotonic lysis [49], and the -synuclein aggregates located inside them shi ...
... were found in the synaptosome-fraction that contained detached presynaptic terminals (a portion was released from synaptosomes during preparation). To confirm the presynaptic localization, the synaptosomes were disrupted by hypotonic lysis [49], and the -synuclein aggregates located inside them shi ...
ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE CHAINS
... of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the direction of ax ...
... of the different axons. The number and complexity of central pathways ar‘e best described by saying that, with but few exceptions, at least one pathway can be found connecting any two central neurons in a .manner so that an impulse may be conducted from one to the other neuron in the direction of ax ...
Primate Frontal Eye Fields. II. Physiological and Anatomical
... before saccades made to stable targets (middle-left). Movement cells also respond before saccades made in this paradigm, but purely visual cells either do not respond or respond tonically whenever the target lies in their receptive field and do not change their discharge rate before the saccade (8). ...
... before saccades made to stable targets (middle-left). Movement cells also respond before saccades made in this paradigm, but purely visual cells either do not respond or respond tonically whenever the target lies in their receptive field and do not change their discharge rate before the saccade (8). ...
Intrinsic and synaptic plasticity in the vestibular system
... lines. Head movement information is carried by the vestibular nerve to neurons in the vestibular nucleus. These neurons then excite ocular motoneurons to drive compensatory eye movements. VOR plasticity involves a cerebellar circuit in which head movement information is transmitted to granule cells ...
... lines. Head movement information is carried by the vestibular nerve to neurons in the vestibular nucleus. These neurons then excite ocular motoneurons to drive compensatory eye movements. VOR plasticity involves a cerebellar circuit in which head movement information is transmitted to granule cells ...
(2007) The most superficial sublamina of rat superior colluculus
... entered the SGS1. The main body of our data presented here is based on recordings made from the neurons encountered within the SGS1 layer, the upper 100 m after SC surface penetration. The SGS1 was identified, in the presence of visual stimulation, by a very characteristic noise produced by “juxtaz ...
... entered the SGS1. The main body of our data presented here is based on recordings made from the neurons encountered within the SGS1 layer, the upper 100 m after SC surface penetration. The SGS1 was identified, in the presence of visual stimulation, by a very characteristic noise produced by “juxtaz ...
Orientation Preference Patterns in Mammalian Visual Cortex: A Wire
... ent at every point (Girman et al., 1999). This is despite the fact that each individual neuron is well tuned for orientation. The situation in rat V1 raises a question about the relation between the tuning of neuronal response and the tuning of the connection function. Although they are related, the ...
... ent at every point (Girman et al., 1999). This is despite the fact that each individual neuron is well tuned for orientation. The situation in rat V1 raises a question about the relation between the tuning of neuronal response and the tuning of the connection function. Although they are related, the ...
Thalamocortical inputs trigger a propagating envelope of gamma
... the thalamocortical pathway in the thinner slices, extracellular deposits of biocytin were made at points between the MG and auditory cortex and the resulting trajectories of projections mapped (Fig. 1C). Biocytin (5% in ACSF) was delivered iontophoretically (100- to 200-nA, 750-ms positive pulse ev ...
... the thalamocortical pathway in the thinner slices, extracellular deposits of biocytin were made at points between the MG and auditory cortex and the resulting trajectories of projections mapped (Fig. 1C). Biocytin (5% in ACSF) was delivered iontophoretically (100- to 200-nA, 750-ms positive pulse ev ...
J Neurophysiol - University of Connecticut
... peak latency (ms) are the spectral and temporal coordinates of the maximum deviation in the STRF (Fig. 1A, gray arrows). The spectrotemporal boundaries of an STRF feature were defined by a contour at 1/e times the maximum value. This threshold is largely empirical, as it typically circumscribed ⬃90% ...
... peak latency (ms) are the spectral and temporal coordinates of the maximum deviation in the STRF (Fig. 1A, gray arrows). The spectrotemporal boundaries of an STRF feature were defined by a contour at 1/e times the maximum value. This threshold is largely empirical, as it typically circumscribed ⬃90% ...
All-Optical Interrogation of Neural Circuits
... populations of neurons with millisecond precision, even on the level of single neurons. However, these two revolutions have proceeded more or less in parallel, and it has proven very difficult to combine readout and manipulation of the same cells, and thus achieve fully “all-optical” interrogation o ...
... populations of neurons with millisecond precision, even on the level of single neurons. However, these two revolutions have proceeded more or less in parallel, and it has proven very difficult to combine readout and manipulation of the same cells, and thus achieve fully “all-optical” interrogation o ...
Chapter 18
... b. 12 pairs of thoracic nerves represented as T1-T12 c. 5 pairs of lumbar nerves represented as L1-L5 d. 5 pairs of sacral nerves represented as S1-S5 e. 1 pair of coccygeal nerves (represented as Co1) vii. Each spinal nerve is attached to a spinal segment by two bundles of axons called roots: a. po ...
... b. 12 pairs of thoracic nerves represented as T1-T12 c. 5 pairs of lumbar nerves represented as L1-L5 d. 5 pairs of sacral nerves represented as S1-S5 e. 1 pair of coccygeal nerves (represented as Co1) vii. Each spinal nerve is attached to a spinal segment by two bundles of axons called roots: a. po ...
Functional Connectivity of the Secondary Somatosensory Cortex of
... provide an alternative view, that is, S2 received direct thalamic inputs rather than through a serially organized path by means of S1. One hypothesis to explain these divergent findings is the possibility that serial or parallel processing types vary among species and/ or different body regions. The ...
... provide an alternative view, that is, S2 received direct thalamic inputs rather than through a serially organized path by means of S1. One hypothesis to explain these divergent findings is the possibility that serial or parallel processing types vary among species and/ or different body regions. The ...
Does Loss of Nerve Growth Factor Receptors Precede Loss of
... Alzheimer’s disease is not known. Some of these neurons depend, however, on trophic support from NGF via a membrane receptor. We have analyzed the state of these receptors by autoradiography, with Y-NGF as the ligand, in the caudate nucleus, putamen, ventral striatum, nucleus basalis of Meynert, and ...
... Alzheimer’s disease is not known. Some of these neurons depend, however, on trophic support from NGF via a membrane receptor. We have analyzed the state of these receptors by autoradiography, with Y-NGF as the ligand, in the caudate nucleus, putamen, ventral striatum, nucleus basalis of Meynert, and ...
Limitations in anti-obesity drug development: the critical role of
... A state in an organelle that occurs owing to disturbances in metabolic homeostasis, which lead to an accumulation of unfolded proteins and consequent organelle dysfunction. ...
... A state in an organelle that occurs owing to disturbances in metabolic homeostasis, which lead to an accumulation of unfolded proteins and consequent organelle dysfunction. ...
Review Article Long-Term Memory Search across the
... Figure 2: Visual signal processing along the ventral visual stream. Photons reflected from the object surface traverse first three retinal cell layers to reach photoreceptor-containing cones and rods. Retinal image formation relies mainly on differential glutamate signalling by ON and OFF cones [19, ...
... Figure 2: Visual signal processing along the ventral visual stream. Photons reflected from the object surface traverse first three retinal cell layers to reach photoreceptor-containing cones and rods. Retinal image formation relies mainly on differential glutamate signalling by ON and OFF cones [19, ...
Pictures of pain: their contribution to the
... another view that they briefly acknowledged but ‘argued against’ (Gallese, 2011). This view, which comprised ‘a fully cognitive and disembodied approach to esthetics’, had been held by several eminent 20th century art historians, notably Ernst Gombrich and others in the field such as R.G. Collingwood, ...
... another view that they briefly acknowledged but ‘argued against’ (Gallese, 2011). This view, which comprised ‘a fully cognitive and disembodied approach to esthetics’, had been held by several eminent 20th century art historians, notably Ernst Gombrich and others in the field such as R.G. Collingwood, ...