Been There, Seen That: A Neural Mechanism for Performing
... and then integrated with top-down feedback, such as the suppression of task irrelevant stimuli, modulation due to reward contingencies or prior expectations. Our hypothesis is that covert attention is allocated based on the topography of the map on a moment-by-moment basis, and eye movements are gui ...
... and then integrated with top-down feedback, such as the suppression of task irrelevant stimuli, modulation due to reward contingencies or prior expectations. Our hypothesis is that covert attention is allocated based on the topography of the map on a moment-by-moment basis, and eye movements are gui ...
Gene Expression and the Control of Food Intake by Hypothalamic
... extensively modified to produce smaller, biologically-active fragments. The POMC gene consists of 3 exons covering 7.8kb in length. Although all 3 exons are transcribed, exon 1 contains only untranslated sequences, part of exon 2 codes for signaling peptide and the initial amino acids of the Ntermin ...
... extensively modified to produce smaller, biologically-active fragments. The POMC gene consists of 3 exons covering 7.8kb in length. Although all 3 exons are transcribed, exon 1 contains only untranslated sequences, part of exon 2 codes for signaling peptide and the initial amino acids of the Ntermin ...
The Somatosensory System: Receptors and Central Pathways
... e begin the study of the individual sensory systems with the somatosensory system (Greek soma, the body), the system in which sensory coding was first studied electrophysiologically. Somatic information is provided by receptors distributed throughout the body. One of the earliest investigators of th ...
... e begin the study of the individual sensory systems with the somatosensory system (Greek soma, the body), the system in which sensory coding was first studied electrophysiologically. Somatic information is provided by receptors distributed throughout the body. One of the earliest investigators of th ...
Glycemic State Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
... During a time when role models seem to become rarer and rarer, I‟ve had the privilege of learning from one of the best, Professor Alastair Ferguson. Thank you Al, not only for ironing out the rough edges of my research every step of the way, but also for teaching me the importance of balance in my l ...
... During a time when role models seem to become rarer and rarer, I‟ve had the privilege of learning from one of the best, Professor Alastair Ferguson. Thank you Al, not only for ironing out the rough edges of my research every step of the way, but also for teaching me the importance of balance in my l ...
_ch_16_AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... • Preganglionic fibers (thoracic and superior lumbar; thoracolumbar) synapse in ganglia near spinal cord • Preganglionic fibers are short • Postganglionic fibers are long • Prepares body for crisis, producing a “fight or flight” response ...
... • Preganglionic fibers (thoracic and superior lumbar; thoracolumbar) synapse in ganglia near spinal cord • Preganglionic fibers are short • Postganglionic fibers are long • Prepares body for crisis, producing a “fight or flight” response ...
Multiplicative Gain Changes Are Induced by Excitation or Inhibition
... in vivo are measured in the curve of firing rate versus stimulus parameter. We find that when this curve is considered, and when the nonlinear relationships between stimulus parameter and input current and between input current and firing rate in vivo are taken into account, then simple excitation o ...
... in vivo are measured in the curve of firing rate versus stimulus parameter. We find that when this curve is considered, and when the nonlinear relationships between stimulus parameter and input current and between input current and firing rate in vivo are taken into account, then simple excitation o ...
Chapter 15 - Houston Community College Learning Web
... • An individual can feel pain in an uninjured part of the body when pain actually originates at another location • Strong visceral pain • Sensations arriving at segment of spinal cord can stimulate interneurons that are part of spinothalamic pathway • Activity in interneurons leads to stimulation of ...
... • An individual can feel pain in an uninjured part of the body when pain actually originates at another location • Strong visceral pain • Sensations arriving at segment of spinal cord can stimulate interneurons that are part of spinothalamic pathway • Activity in interneurons leads to stimulation of ...
Convergence in Mammalian Nucleus of Solitary Tract During
... papillae, the number of papillae in the receptive field of each cell was also determined. In general, we have found that receptive fields of second-order NST neurons are larger than chorda tympani receptive fields. Furthermore, NST fields increase in size during development whereas chorda tympani fi ...
... papillae, the number of papillae in the receptive field of each cell was also determined. In general, we have found that receptive fields of second-order NST neurons are larger than chorda tympani receptive fields. Furthermore, NST fields increase in size during development whereas chorda tympani fi ...
Beyond dreams: do sleep-related movements
... recognition soon thereafter that active sleep is characterized by inhibition of motor outflow, researchers elaborated on conventional wisdom and concluded that sleep-related twitches are epiphenomena that result from incomplete blockade of dream-related cortical activity. This view persists despite ...
... recognition soon thereafter that active sleep is characterized by inhibition of motor outflow, researchers elaborated on conventional wisdom and concluded that sleep-related twitches are epiphenomena that result from incomplete blockade of dream-related cortical activity. This view persists despite ...
Current Opinion in Neurobiology (2004)
... Tasks such as devaluation are used in behavioral studies to reveal the role of associatively activated representations of reinforcers. But it is assumed that these representations are active regardless of the invocation of special behavioral procedures to detect them. For example, when animals perfo ...
... Tasks such as devaluation are used in behavioral studies to reveal the role of associatively activated representations of reinforcers. But it is assumed that these representations are active regardless of the invocation of special behavioral procedures to detect them. For example, when animals perfo ...
Anatomical organization of the central olfactory
... implies the importance of chemosensation. Due to their well-developed sense of smell and easily accessible nervous system, moths have served as suitable model organisms for researchers exploring general principles underlying odor information processing. Like in other insects, moths perceive odorants ...
... implies the importance of chemosensation. Due to their well-developed sense of smell and easily accessible nervous system, moths have served as suitable model organisms for researchers exploring general principles underlying odor information processing. Like in other insects, moths perceive odorants ...
Cardiovascular and autonomic modulation by
... GABAA antagonist bicuculline were attenuated by exercise training. These data indicate that alterations in neurotransmission at the level of the NTS significantly contribute to cardiovascular and autonomic regulation after chronic exercise. The authors also suggested that, in addition to alterations ...
... GABAA antagonist bicuculline were attenuated by exercise training. These data indicate that alterations in neurotransmission at the level of the NTS significantly contribute to cardiovascular and autonomic regulation after chronic exercise. The authors also suggested that, in addition to alterations ...
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
... a visible reaction, it leads to the increase of convulsive readiness of the brain. With the passage of time on the same subliminal exposure to the animal responds already cramps (the phenomenon of "swing" or kindling). In everyday life, there are many long-term stressors, nevrozogennye factors, occu ...
... a visible reaction, it leads to the increase of convulsive readiness of the brain. With the passage of time on the same subliminal exposure to the animal responds already cramps (the phenomenon of "swing" or kindling). In everyday life, there are many long-term stressors, nevrozogennye factors, occu ...
Frequency-Dependent Recruitment of Fast Amino Acid and Slow
... Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand, Reproductive Physiology Group, Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom, 3Centre for Integ ...
... Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand, Reproductive Physiology Group, Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom, 3Centre for Integ ...
article in press - Neurobiology of Vocal Communication
... innate vocal patterns. Such areas are, for instance, the primary motor cortex, putamen, ventrolateral thalamus and cerebellum (for review, see [24]). In fact, early brain transection experiments in cats by Bazett and Penfield [2] have shown that the whole forebrain and rostral half of the midbrain c ...
... innate vocal patterns. Such areas are, for instance, the primary motor cortex, putamen, ventrolateral thalamus and cerebellum (for review, see [24]). In fact, early brain transection experiments in cats by Bazett and Penfield [2] have shown that the whole forebrain and rostral half of the midbrain c ...
Representation of Sounds in Auditory Cortex of Awake
... Brain’s connection to the external world is provided by sensory systems. External inputs (light, sound, touch, etc.) are detected by sensory receptors, translated into internal representations, which in turn are interpreted into percepts, and eventually lead to (motor) actions. Such transformations— ...
... Brain’s connection to the external world is provided by sensory systems. External inputs (light, sound, touch, etc.) are detected by sensory receptors, translated into internal representations, which in turn are interpreted into percepts, and eventually lead to (motor) actions. Such transformations— ...
Neuron/Glia Relationships Observed Over Intervals
... images of up to six focal planes/neuron were digitized, enhanced, and stored as a permanent record. For this purpose we used a Trapix 5500 image processor (Recognition Concepts, Inc., Incline Village, NV) and IMAGR, a general purpose computer language for image processing (Purves and Voyvodie, 1987) ...
... images of up to six focal planes/neuron were digitized, enhanced, and stored as a permanent record. For this purpose we used a Trapix 5500 image processor (Recognition Concepts, Inc., Incline Village, NV) and IMAGR, a general purpose computer language for image processing (Purves and Voyvodie, 1987) ...
15-2 Sensory Receptors
... potentials at a frequency that reflects the background level of stimulation. When the stimulus increases or decreases, the rate of action potential generation changes accordingly. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... potentials at a frequency that reflects the background level of stimulation. When the stimulus increases or decreases, the rate of action potential generation changes accordingly. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
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... experienced sensory input in the cortex. Such experience-dependent plasticity depends on the presence of high levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the cortex prior to maturation. In an adult rat, we paired acoustic input with injections of Rolipram-a drug that increases cortical cAMP ...
... experienced sensory input in the cortex. Such experience-dependent plasticity depends on the presence of high levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the cortex prior to maturation. In an adult rat, we paired acoustic input with injections of Rolipram-a drug that increases cortical cAMP ...
UNC-119 suppresses axon branching
... terminated (axons and branches failed to reach the dorsal nerve cord). Finally, we noted if there were supernumerary growth cones extending directly from DD cell bodies. UNC-119 immunocytochemistry To determine where the UNC-119 protein was located, we generated antibodies against UNC-119. The DNA e ...
... terminated (axons and branches failed to reach the dorsal nerve cord). Finally, we noted if there were supernumerary growth cones extending directly from DD cell bodies. UNC-119 immunocytochemistry To determine where the UNC-119 protein was located, we generated antibodies against UNC-119. The DNA e ...
Spatial organization of thalamocortical and corticothalamic
... organized receptive fields of cells in the ventrobasal thalamus (VB) that provide the major source of extrinsic input to the barrels. This transformation can be understood in terms of local interactions among neurons within an individual barrel, suggesting that information processing within a vibris ...
... organized receptive fields of cells in the ventrobasal thalamus (VB) that provide the major source of extrinsic input to the barrels. This transformation can be understood in terms of local interactions among neurons within an individual barrel, suggesting that information processing within a vibris ...
Role of neurons and glia in the CNS actions of the renin
... Along these lines, there are a number of previous in vitro and some in vivo studies that have suggested a role for angiotensin receptors on non-neuronal brain cells in the development and progression of hypertension, and these studies will be discussed in subsequent sections. Cellular localization o ...
... Along these lines, there are a number of previous in vitro and some in vivo studies that have suggested a role for angiotensin receptors on non-neuronal brain cells in the development and progression of hypertension, and these studies will be discussed in subsequent sections. Cellular localization o ...
Apomorphine Induces Contralateral Rotation 1 Running Head
... resulted in more extensive lesions resulted in more intense symptoms. These results demonstrate that different sizes of lesions can produce behaviors associated with PD, even if the model’s do not exhibit the expected rotational behavior. While this experiment yielded clear results that are supporte ...
... resulted in more extensive lesions resulted in more intense symptoms. These results demonstrate that different sizes of lesions can produce behaviors associated with PD, even if the model’s do not exhibit the expected rotational behavior. While this experiment yielded clear results that are supporte ...
PT 311 NEUROSCIENCE
... Now let’s turn our attention from gray matter to white matter. There are three bundles of axons in the hemisphere that have already been identified on mid-sagittal views: the corpus callosum, anterior commissure and fornix (see the tutorial, Medial Surface of the Brain). One additional system of axo ...
... Now let’s turn our attention from gray matter to white matter. There are three bundles of axons in the hemisphere that have already been identified on mid-sagittal views: the corpus callosum, anterior commissure and fornix (see the tutorial, Medial Surface of the Brain). One additional system of axo ...
Measurement of variability dynamics in cortical spike trains
... Neurons observed in a living organism typically exhibit temporal changes of their firing rates in response to sensory input, or in relation to behavior. This important feature of neuronal processing can be captured by rate modulated renewal processes, where the process intensity is no longer constan ...
... Neurons observed in a living organism typically exhibit temporal changes of their firing rates in response to sensory input, or in relation to behavior. This important feature of neuronal processing can be captured by rate modulated renewal processes, where the process intensity is no longer constan ...