Brain Stimulation for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
... started a half-century ago (Pool et al., 1956). Several brain regions have since been identified as promising targets for DBS treatment of pain, including the somatosensory thalamic nuclei (Mazars, 1975), the motor cortex (Tsubokawa et al., 1993), the internal capsule (Adams et al., 1974), periaqued ...
... started a half-century ago (Pool et al., 1956). Several brain regions have since been identified as promising targets for DBS treatment of pain, including the somatosensory thalamic nuclei (Mazars, 1975), the motor cortex (Tsubokawa et al., 1993), the internal capsule (Adams et al., 1974), periaqued ...
On the Biological Plausibility of Grandmother Cells
... columns code for line segments that vary by approximately 10° in rotation). These columns are in turn organized into hypercolumns, such that all simple cells within a given hypercolumn code for lines at the same retinal location (albeit varying in orientation preference), with adjacent hypercolumns ...
... columns code for line segments that vary by approximately 10° in rotation). These columns are in turn organized into hypercolumns, such that all simple cells within a given hypercolumn code for lines at the same retinal location (albeit varying in orientation preference), with adjacent hypercolumns ...
The cerebrocerebellar system: anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... and brain structures known to be associated with a wide array of non-motor behaviors. The cerebellum has interconnections with brainstem and thalamic reticular systems that subserve arousal. Autonomic activity is supported by the reciprocal interconnections with the hypothalamus. Limbic and paralimb ...
... and brain structures known to be associated with a wide array of non-motor behaviors. The cerebellum has interconnections with brainstem and thalamic reticular systems that subserve arousal. Autonomic activity is supported by the reciprocal interconnections with the hypothalamus. Limbic and paralimb ...
Appetitive associative learning recruits a distinct
... animals were perfused and the brains collected after a single training session (early training). Animals in the conditioning group (early Paired: n = 8) and one of the control groups (early Tone: n = 8) were perfused 120 min following the beginning of the training session. The second control group ( ...
... animals were perfused and the brains collected after a single training session (early training). Animals in the conditioning group (early Paired: n = 8) and one of the control groups (early Tone: n = 8) were perfused 120 min following the beginning of the training session. The second control group ( ...
Synaptic Competition during the Reformation of a Neuromuscular Map
... Muscle contraction was prevented by raising the Mg concentration to 12–17 mM or by stretching the muscle. Intracellular recordings were made from muscle fibers of sectors II and III. Sector I was not systematically studied because the nerve crushes above this sector did not consistently denervate al ...
... Muscle contraction was prevented by raising the Mg concentration to 12–17 mM or by stretching the muscle. Intracellular recordings were made from muscle fibers of sectors II and III. Sector I was not systematically studied because the nerve crushes above this sector did not consistently denervate al ...
Timing in reward and decision processes
... suggesting a relationship to delay rather than visual stimulus properties. About one-third of task-related neurons in monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex show delay-related reductions of responses to chosen cue targets in choice trials [36]. Similar temporal discounting is observed in cue response ...
... suggesting a relationship to delay rather than visual stimulus properties. About one-third of task-related neurons in monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex show delay-related reductions of responses to chosen cue targets in choice trials [36]. Similar temporal discounting is observed in cue response ...
Mechanisms Underlying the Cardioinhibitory and Pressor
... under mineral oil. The efferent whole nerve activities were amplified (bandpass: 10 - 3 k Hz), rectified, and integrated by an integrator (Gould 13-4615-70, Gould, Cleveland, OH, USA) with a reset time of 5 s. Signals were monitored with an oscilloscope (Tektronix 5113, Tucker, Dallas, TX, USA) and ...
... under mineral oil. The efferent whole nerve activities were amplified (bandpass: 10 - 3 k Hz), rectified, and integrated by an integrator (Gould 13-4615-70, Gould, Cleveland, OH, USA) with a reset time of 5 s. Signals were monitored with an oscilloscope (Tektronix 5113, Tucker, Dallas, TX, USA) and ...
Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an
... different, but overlapping, areas of the midbrain (Figure 3; Figure 3-figure supplement 1; Figure 3-figure supplement 2; Figure 3-figure supplement 3) (Bjorklund and Dunnett, 2007; Haber, 2014; Lammel et al., 2008; Swanson, 1982). Interestingly, we observed an overlapping but dorsolaterally shifted ...
... different, but overlapping, areas of the midbrain (Figure 3; Figure 3-figure supplement 1; Figure 3-figure supplement 2; Figure 3-figure supplement 3) (Bjorklund and Dunnett, 2007; Haber, 2014; Lammel et al., 2008; Swanson, 1982). Interestingly, we observed an overlapping but dorsolaterally shifted ...
A Weighted and Directed Interareal Connectivity
... Our analysis of 1615 connections, including 36% that we consider to be NFP, reveals a high density of cortico-cortical connectivity (66%) and an unexpectedly high incidence (33%) of potentially unidirectional pathways, of which one-third (10% of the total) were shown to originate from corresponding ...
... Our analysis of 1615 connections, including 36% that we consider to be NFP, reveals a high density of cortico-cortical connectivity (66%) and an unexpectedly high incidence (33%) of potentially unidirectional pathways, of which one-third (10% of the total) were shown to originate from corresponding ...
Words in the Brain`s Language
... active at the same time strengthen their connections. If a neuron, call it L, sends one connection to a second neuron, M, their synapse will strengthen when both are repeatedly active together, so that L will later have a stronger influence on M. Because this effect may last for many hours or days, ...
... active at the same time strengthen their connections. If a neuron, call it L, sends one connection to a second neuron, M, their synapse will strengthen when both are repeatedly active together, so that L will later have a stronger influence on M. Because this effect may last for many hours or days, ...
Cicc4e_02-FINAL_PPT
... How do the somatic and autonomic nervous systems allow people and animals to interact with their surroundings and control the body’s automatic functions? How do the hormones released by glands interact with the nervous system and affect behavior? How do psychologists study the brain and how it works ...
... How do the somatic and autonomic nervous systems allow people and animals to interact with their surroundings and control the body’s automatic functions? How do the hormones released by glands interact with the nervous system and affect behavior? How do psychologists study the brain and how it works ...
The epistemic value of brain-machine systems for the study of the
... stabilization abilities comparable to those of the intact system. This has happened to be the case: the authors have therefore concluded that the electro-mechanical device was a good substitute for the rs component – and, as a consequence, that the rs component actually exhibited the hypothesized in ...
... stabilization abilities comparable to those of the intact system. This has happened to be the case: the authors have therefore concluded that the electro-mechanical device was a good substitute for the rs component – and, as a consequence, that the rs component actually exhibited the hypothesized in ...
Functional Organization of Ferret Auditory Cortex
... classified as a ‘small cluster’. We saw no evidence for differences in the response properties or the cortical distribution of data from such clusters compared with those from single units and have not differentiated between them. The term ‘unit’ is therefore used to refer either to a single unit or ...
... classified as a ‘small cluster’. We saw no evidence for differences in the response properties or the cortical distribution of data from such clusters compared with those from single units and have not differentiated between them. The term ‘unit’ is therefore used to refer either to a single unit or ...
Single unit and extracellular firing rate recordings in vivo
... USA): Peak amplitude, the 10-90% rise time, τdec (exponential decay time constant in a 100ms window from the time of peak) and frequency of sIPSCs were calculated. All events were visually inspected before analysis in order to exclude obvious artefacts. Cumulative inter-event intervals, kinetic (τde ...
... USA): Peak amplitude, the 10-90% rise time, τdec (exponential decay time constant in a 100ms window from the time of peak) and frequency of sIPSCs were calculated. All events were visually inspected before analysis in order to exclude obvious artefacts. Cumulative inter-event intervals, kinetic (τde ...
Information processing in the cortex: The relevance of coherent oscillations for neuronal communication
... for excitatory neurons and I for inhibitory ones). Several different (and sometimes reduced) cases of this type of network have been studied. Eeckman & Freeman (1990) developed a model for induced rhythms in olfactory structures, in which synchronous oscillation was generated by a feedback loop betw ...
... for excitatory neurons and I for inhibitory ones). Several different (and sometimes reduced) cases of this type of network have been studied. Eeckman & Freeman (1990) developed a model for induced rhythms in olfactory structures, in which synchronous oscillation was generated by a feedback loop betw ...
Temporal fate specification and neural progenitor competence
... determine whether Pdm or Grh are also multi-lineage temporal-identity factors. In addition to their roles in fate specification, both Pdm and Castor seem to function as switching factors depending on the lineage in which they are expressed, and this might be determined by the activity of lineage-spe ...
... determine whether Pdm or Grh are also multi-lineage temporal-identity factors. In addition to their roles in fate specification, both Pdm and Castor seem to function as switching factors depending on the lineage in which they are expressed, and this might be determined by the activity of lineage-spe ...
Cortex, Cognition and the Cell: New Insights into the Pyramidal
... the cerebral cortex in mammalian species. Their early studies revealed that the cerebral cortex is composed of the same basic neuronal types, often organized into a similar basic laminar pattern. The importance of these findings justified the emphasis placed upon them, and they were instrumental in ...
... the cerebral cortex in mammalian species. Their early studies revealed that the cerebral cortex is composed of the same basic neuronal types, often organized into a similar basic laminar pattern. The importance of these findings justified the emphasis placed upon them, and they were instrumental in ...
The habenular nuclei - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... and striatum of similar timecourse and magnitude to those observed during reward-seeking behaviour (but causes a significantly smaller increase in the prefrontal cortex). The elevated DA levels in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) and striatum correlated with increases in spontaneous locomotor activity an ...
... and striatum of similar timecourse and magnitude to those observed during reward-seeking behaviour (but causes a significantly smaller increase in the prefrontal cortex). The elevated DA levels in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) and striatum correlated with increases in spontaneous locomotor activity an ...
LAB: Nerve Reflexes
... uses one sensory and one motor neuron (for example, the patellar or knee-jerk reflex). Most reflexes are polysynaptical (involving more than two neurons) and involve the activity of interneurons in the integration center. In these more complicated reflexes, impulses may travel up, down, and transver ...
... uses one sensory and one motor neuron (for example, the patellar or knee-jerk reflex). Most reflexes are polysynaptical (involving more than two neurons) and involve the activity of interneurons in the integration center. In these more complicated reflexes, impulses may travel up, down, and transver ...
Conductance-Based Model of the Voltage
... 255–264, 2004; 10.1152/jn.00508.2003. Because the subthalamic nucleus (STN) acts as a driving force of the basal ganglia, it is important to know how the activities of STN neurons are regulated. Previously, we have reported that a subset of STN neurons generates a plateau potential in a voltage-depe ...
... 255–264, 2004; 10.1152/jn.00508.2003. Because the subthalamic nucleus (STN) acts as a driving force of the basal ganglia, it is important to know how the activities of STN neurons are regulated. Previously, we have reported that a subset of STN neurons generates a plateau potential in a voltage-depe ...
Dopamine`s Actions in Primate Prefrontal Cortex
... from DA “salience cells” that respond to aversive as well as rewarding stimuli. dlPFC Delay cells generate persistent representations of visual spatial position across the delay epoch and are thought to be concentrated in deep layer III (and possibly superficial layer V), whereas Response-related ce ...
... from DA “salience cells” that respond to aversive as well as rewarding stimuli. dlPFC Delay cells generate persistent representations of visual spatial position across the delay epoch and are thought to be concentrated in deep layer III (and possibly superficial layer V), whereas Response-related ce ...
Failure of the oculomotor neural integrator from a discrete midline
... position and chair tachometer signals were digitized online for subsequent analysis. The effects of this lesion on gaze-holding following spontaneous saccades in the dark are shown in Fig. 2. One day prelesion, the monkey exhibited some deficit in gaze-holding due to damage from repeated microelectr ...
... position and chair tachometer signals were digitized online for subsequent analysis. The effects of this lesion on gaze-holding following spontaneous saccades in the dark are shown in Fig. 2. One day prelesion, the monkey exhibited some deficit in gaze-holding due to damage from repeated microelectr ...
The Somatosensory System: Receptors and Central Pathways
... e begin the study of the individual sensory systems with the somatosensory system (Greek soma, the body), the system in which sensory coding was first studied electrophysiologically. Somatic information is provided by receptors distributed throughout the body. One of the earliest investigators of th ...
... e begin the study of the individual sensory systems with the somatosensory system (Greek soma, the body), the system in which sensory coding was first studied electrophysiologically. Somatic information is provided by receptors distributed throughout the body. One of the earliest investigators of th ...
Sodium channel NaV1.9 mutations associated with insensitivity to
... of NaV1.9 mutations on DRG neuron excitability, we perexpressing WT (A, n = 17) or L1302F (B, n = 13)) NaV1.9 channels. The formed current-clamp recordings in small (<30 μm) rat DRG neuholding potential was –120 mV. The current traces shown have been normalized to the maximum current amplitude. Red ...
... of NaV1.9 mutations on DRG neuron excitability, we perexpressing WT (A, n = 17) or L1302F (B, n = 13)) NaV1.9 channels. The formed current-clamp recordings in small (<30 μm) rat DRG neuholding potential was –120 mV. The current traces shown have been normalized to the maximum current amplitude. Red ...